Color Science : Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae

, by Wyszecki, Gü; nther; Stiles, W. S.

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ISBN: 9780471399186 | 0471399183
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/8/2000

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Summary

This paperback reprint of a classic book deals with all phases of light, color, and color vision, providing comprehensive data, formulas, concepts, and procedures needed in basic and applied research in color vision, colorimetry, and photometry.

Physical Data

Basic Radiometric Quantities and Units

(1)

Sources of Radiant Energy

(29)

The Sun and Daylight

(7)

Thermal Radiators

(8)

Electric Discharge Lamps

(4)

Electroluminescent Sources

(2)

Light-Emitting Diodes

(1)

Lasers

(2)

Sources of Ultraviolet Radiant Energy

(1)

Some Photometric and Colorimetric Characteristics of Sources of Radiant Energy

(3)

Optical Filters

(21)

Absorption Filters

(4)

Glass Filters

(1)

Gelatin Filters

(1)

Liquid Filters

(1)

Absorption Filters for Special Applications

(5)

Miscellaneous Absorption Filters

(1)

Interference Filters

(6)

Interference-Filter Wedges

(2)

Beamsplitters

(1)

Sheet Polarizers

(2)

Miscellaneous Optical Filters

(1)

Reflecting Materials

(12)

Front-Surface Mirrors

(1)

White Reflectance Standards

(3)

Colored Reflectance Standards

(2)

Black Surfaces

(1)

Building Materials

(1)

Natural Objects

(3)

Monochromators

(9)

Basic Designs of Monochromators

(3)

Resolving Power and Transmitted Radiant Flux

(3)

Slit-Width Correction

(1)

Polarization

(1)

Wavelength Calibration

(1)

Stray Light

(1)

Physical Detectors of Radiant Energy

(11)

Thermal Detectors

(3)

Photon Detectors

(7)

The Eye

Preamble

(1)

The Structure of the Human Eye

(10)

Cornea

(1)

Lens

(1)

Aqueous Humor and Vitreous Body

(1)

The Fine-Structure of the Retina

(3)

Main Topographical Features of the Retina

(2)

The Fovea

(1)

The Photoreceptors

(3)

Specification of the External Stimulus

(2)

Position in External Field

(1)

Radiometric Specification

(2)

Photometric Specification

(1)

Factors in the Eye That Control the Internal Stimulus

(22)

Image Formation by the Theoretical Eye

(2)

Eye Axes and Eye Angles

100

(1)

Chromatic Aberration of the Eye

101

(1)

The Troland Values of Retinal Illuminance

102

(3)

Pupil Size

105

(2)

Light Losses in the Eye

107

(9)

Fluorescent Light in the Eye

116

(1)

Colorimetry

Preamble

117

(1)

Basic Colorimetric Concepts

117

(13)

Trichromatic Generalization

117

(2)

Tristimulus Space

119

(2)

Basic Colorimetric Equations

121

(6)

Imaginary Color Stimuli

127

(2)

Colorimetric Transformations

129

(1)

The CIE Colorimetric System

130

(45)

The CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer

131

(1)

The CIE 1964 Supplementary Standard Colorimetric Observer

132

(1)

Development of the Two CIE Standard Observers

133

(10)

CIE Standard Illuminants

143

(3)

CIE Standard Sources

146

(9)

Standard of Reflectance Factor

155

(1)

Standard Illuminating and Viewing Conditions

155

(1)

Calculation of CIE Tristimulus Values and Chromaticity Coordinates

156

(8)

CIE Uniform Color Spaces and Color-Difference Formulae

164

(5)

CIE Metamerism Index for Change in Illuminant

169

(4)

CIE Color-Rendering Index

173

(2)

Dominant Wavelength, Excitation Purity, and Colorimetric Purity

175

(1)

Complementary Color Stimuli

176

(1)

Maximum Attainable Luminous Efficiency of Color Stimuli of Different Chromaticity

177

(2)

Optimal Object-Color Stimuli

179

(4)

Metameric Color Stimuli

183

(38)

Definition of Metamerism

184

(1)

Methods of Generating Metamers

185

(9)

Intersections of Spectral Reflectance Curves of Metamers

194

(2)

Counting Metamers

196

(4)

Boundaries of Mismatches of Metamers

200

(12)

Application of Linear Programming to Miscellaneous Colorimetric Problems

212

(9)

Colorant Formulation

221

(1)

Specification of Color Tolerances

222

(2)

Distribution Temperature, Color Temperature, and Correlated Color Temperature

224

(4)

Colorimetric Instrumentation

228

(21)

Spectroradiometers

229

(3)

Spectrophotometers

232

(3)

Spectrophotometry of Fluorescent Materials

235

(5)

Propagation of Random Spectrophotometric Errors

240

(3)

Tristimulus-Filter Colorimeters

243

(6)

Photometry

Basic Photometric Quantities and Units

249

(1)

The Photometric Principle

249

(4)

The Standard Photometric System

253

(24)

Historical Note

253

(3)

Standard Photometric Observers

256

(3)

Photometric Methods

259

(4)

Measurement of Total Luminous Flux

263

(2)

Measurement of Luminous Intensity and Illuminance

265

(5)

Measurement of Luminance

270

(7)

Calculation of Illuminance Produced by Lambert Sources of Different Shapes

277

(1)

Visual Equivalence and Visual Matching

Preamble

278

(1)

Classification of Matching Procedures

278

(15)

Visual Equivalence and Visual Match by Strict Substitution

279

(2)

Asymmetric Comparison and Matching; Quasi-symmetric Matching

281

(2)

Limited Groups of Asymmetric Matching Procedures

283

(2)

Matching Criteria

285

(3)

Some Particular Matching or Equivalence Procedures

288

(5)

Maxwell's Method of Color Matching

293

(13)

Historical Note

293

(1)

Basis of Maxwellian Trichromacy

294

(4)

Maxwell Trichromacy and Full Trichromacy in Quasi-Symmetric Matching

298

(2)

Maxwell's Method in Nontrichromatic Matching

300

(2)

Maxwellian Matching as Correlation of Stimulus Spaces

302

(2)

Maxwellian Matching in the Weaker Sense

304

(2)

Precision of Color Matching for Normal Trichromats

306

(24)

MacAdam Ellipses

306

(7)

Brown-MacAdam Ellipsoids

313

(6)

Wyszecki-Fielder Ellipsoids

319

(1)

Repeatability of Color-Matching Ellipsoids for the Same Observer

320

(3)

Intercomparison of Color-Matching Ellipses for Different Observers

323

(5)

Propagation of Random Errors in Colorimetric Transformations

328

(2)

Color-Matching Functions of Normal Trichromats

330

(17)

Two-Degree Data of Guild and Wright

330

(1)

Judd Modification

330

(3)

Stiles Two-Degree Pilot Data

333

(1)

Stiles-Burch Ten-Degree Data

333

(10)

ETL Ten-Degree Data

343

(3)

Variations of Color-Matching Functions of Different Normal Trichromats

346

(1)

Factors Modifying Color Matching

347

(45)

Filter Pigments in the Eye

347

(7)

Rod Participation

354

(18)

Location of Visual Field

372

(1)

Size of Visual Field

373

(1)

High Luminance Level

374

(5)

Maxwell Method versus Maximum-Saturation Method

379

(13)

Luminous Efficiency Functions of Normal Trichromats

392

(18)

Matching or Equivalence Criteria and Experimental Procedures

392

(2)

Experimental Data

394

(16)

Heterochromatic Brightness Matching of Complex Stimuli

410

(10)

Luminance of Equally Bright Color Stimuli

411

(2)

Additivity Failures

413

(7)

Abney and Bezold-Brucke Effects

420

(4)

Hue Reversals: Brindley Isochromes

424

(1)

Stiles-Crawford Effect

424

(5)

Chromatic Adaptation

429

(22)

Asymmetric Matching-Basic Concepts

429

(3)

Experimental Procedures and Data

432

(17)

A Comparison of Chromatic-Adaptation Transforms

449

(2)

Chromatic-Response Functions

451

(7)

Color-Matching Properties of Color-Defective Observers

458

(14)

Normal and Anomalous Trichromats

459

(4)

Dichromats

463

(8)

Monochromats

471

(1)

Instrumentation for Color-Vision Research

472

(14)

Maxwellian View

478

(5)

Measurement of Directional Sensitivity and Increment Thresholds

483

(1)

The Staircase Methods

484

(2)

Uniform Color Scales

Preamble

486

(2)

Types of Scales and Scaling Methods

488

(5)

Brightness and Lightness Scales

493

(7)

Color Scales of Constant Lightness

500

(3)

Three-Dimensional Color Scales

503

(3)

Principles of Construction

503

(1)

Color-Difference Formulae

504

(2)

White. Whiteness Formulae

506

(1)

Color-Order Systems

506

(8)

Munsell Color System

507

(2)

DIN Color System

509

(2)

Swedish Natural Color System

511

(1)

OSA Color System

512

(2)

Visual Thresholds

Preamble

514

(1)

General Concepts

514

(5)

Basic Terms and Definitions

514

(2)

Quantum Fluctuations and Visual Stimuli

516

(3)

Dark Adaptation and Absolute Thresholds

519

(6)

Recovery of Threshold Sensitivity; Dark-Adaptation Curves

519

(2)

Threshold Variation Over the Visual Field

521

(1)

Threshold Sensitivity of Fully Dark-Adapted Eye

521

(1)

Absolute Threshold Values for Different Conditions of Measurement

521

(4)

Chromatic Adaptation and Increment Thresholds

525

(19)

Two-Color Threshold Method

525

(3)

Basic Formulae

528

(3)

Stiles' Mean Data

531

(6)

Specific Aspects of π Mechanisms and Later Developments

537

(7)

Rod Saturation

544

(3)

Cone Saturation

547

(2)

Rod and Cone Interactions

549

(3)

Uniform Equivalent Fields

552

(2)

Basic Formulae

553

(1)

Spatial and Temporal Factors

554

(13)

Distinctness of Border

555

(1)

Mach Bands

556

(1)

Flicker

557

(10)

Discrimination Thresholds

567

(15)

Luminance Differences

567

(3)

Wavelength Differences

570

(1)

Purity Differences

571

(3)

Color-Temperature Differences

574

(1)

Chromaticity Differences

575

(1)

Color-Difference Matches

576

(6)

Theories and Models of Color Vision

Preamble

582

(4)

Visual Response Functions and the Spectral Properties of Visual Pigments

586

(47)

Principle of Univariance

586

(2)

The Visual-Pigment Layer

588

(3)

Dartnall's Standard Shape of Visual Pigment-Absorption Coefficient

591

(1)

Color-Matching Data and the Spectral Absorption Curves of Visual Pigments

591

(13)

Dichromatism and the Fundamental Spectral Sensitivities

604

(15)

Color-Matching Data and the Pigment-Bleaching Model

619

(14)

Neural Models

633

(21)

Muller and Judd

634

(5)

Adams

639

(3)

Hurvich and Jameson

642

(4)

Guth

646

(6)

Ingling

652

(2)

Line Elements of Color Space

654

(36)

Basic Concepts

654

(4)

Helmholtz

658

(1)

Schrodinger

659

(1)

Stiles

660

(12)

Trabka

672

(1)

Vos and Walraven

673

(4)

General Construction of Inductive Line Elements

677

(13)

Appendix of Extended Tables and Illustrations

690

(195)

References

885

(40)

Author Index

925

(10)

Subject Index

935

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Color Science : Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae

Summary

Table of Contents

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