Communication Across Cultures: Mutual

Communication Across Cultures is an academic reference for university students and interdisciplinary researchers who have no specialised knowledge of linguistics. Key concepts relevant to an understanding of language issues in intercultural communication are drawn from the research area of pragmatics, discourse analysis, politeness and cross cultural communication. The book examines the ways in which the spoken and written word may be interpreted differently depending on the context and expectations of the participants. Intercultural communication involves additional sociocultural dimensions to the context. Examples are drawn from a variety of languages and cultures - ranging from Japan to Germany to the Americas, to Africa and to Australia. Relevant academic literature and recent research is exemplified and explained throughout the book so readers can become familiar with the way research in this field is conducted and so that interdisciplinary researchers can incorporate some of the perspectives presented here into their own research.

Heather Bowe is Senior Lecturer in Linguistics at Monash University and Director of the Language and Society Centre.

List of figures	p. ix
List of tables	p. x
Transcription conventions	p. xi
Preface and acknowledgments	p. xiii
Culture, communication and interaction	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Culture, communication and intercultural interaction	p. 2
Suggested further reading	p. 8
Direct and indirect messages: The role of social context identified by Grice and Searle	p. 9
Grice's maxims	p. 10
Speech acts	p. 15
Summary	p. 22
Review	p. 22
Suggested further reading	p. 25
Politeness and face	p. 26
Theories of politeness: Brown and Levinson	p. 27
Different perspectives on politeness	p. 32
Criticisms of Brown and Levinson	p. 34
The study of cross-cultural pragmatics using natural semantic metalanguage	p. 38
Cognitive and cultural schema	p. 41
Summary	p. 42
Review	p. 43
Suggested further reading	p. 45
Speech acts and politeness across cultures	p. 46
Requests: Indirectness and politeness	p. 47
Complaints	p. 50
Apologies	p. 52
Acceptance of an apology	p. 55
The gender factor	p. 56
Summary	p. 57
Review	p. 58
Suggested further reading	p. 60
The analysis of conversation	p. 61
Turn-taking in conversation	p. 61
Some differences in turn-taking in intercultural contexts	p. 65
The role of back-channelling	p. 66
Repetition as back-channelling in successful intercultural communication	p. 66
Greetings and leave-taking	p. 68
Some functions of laughter	p. 72
Another function of humour: Joking	p. 74
Cultural differences in conversational routines	p. 75
Summary	p. 75
Review	p. 76
Suggested further reading	p. 79
Power relations and stereotyping	p. 80
Hofstede and the dimensions of culture	p. 80
Power relations in interactions	p. 84
Stereotyping and ideology	p. 87
Summary	p. 89
Review	p. 90
Suggested further reading	p. 93
Naming and addressing: Expressing deference, respect, and solidarity	p. 95
Pronouns of address	p. 95
Nouns of address	p. 102
Honorifics	p. 109
Summary	p. 114
Review	p. 114
Suggested further reading	p. 119
Cultural differences in writing	p. 120
Linearity: A key principle of English written discourse	p. 120
Non-linear discourse structures	p. 122
Multiple perspectives: The example of Japanese	p. 123
'Digressiveness': A feature of German academic register	p. 127
The form/content distinction	p. 128
Letter writing	p. 129
Summary	p. 137
Review	p. 137
Suggested further reading	p. 139
Interpreting and translating	p. 140
Types of interpreting	p. 140
Primacy of the mother tongue	p. 141
Difficulties in achieving a balance between pragmatic equivalence and impartiality	p. 141
Interpreters assuming the role of institutional gatekeeper: A case study	p. 142
Advertising: A true challenge for intercultural communication	p. 143
The development of interpreting/translating services in Australia	p. 146
Some tips for translating and interpreting in the business context	p. 152
Conclusion	p. 153
Review	p. 154
Suggested further reading	p. 156
Intercultural communication issues in professional and workplace contexts	p. 157
Two different workplace cultures in contact	p. 157
Differences of expectation in intercultural business encounters	p. 159
Information gathering in medical and legal practice	p. 162
Australian Indigenous clients in the courtroom	p. 163
Workplace communication: From factory to office	p. 165
Conclusion	p. 166
Review	p. 166
Suggested further reading	p. 167
Towards successful intercultural communication	p. 169
The elaboration of repetition as a creative strategy to help avoid miscommunication	p. 169
Turn-sharing as collaboration between non-English-speaking workers: Ancillary staff at a Melbourne hospital	p. 174
The response of the individual to the challenges of intercultural communication	p. 176
The emergent and distributed nature of cultural cognition: The locus of new conceptual interpretations	p. 177
Conclusion	p. 178
Review	p. 179
Suggested further reading	p. 180
References	p. 181
Index	p. 193
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Communication Across Cultures: Mutual Understanding in a Global World

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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