Communication in Nursing

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ISBN: 9780323008723 | 0323008720
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/1/1999

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COMMUNICATION IN NURSING contains an abundant use of examples and exercises on communication skills and techniques to help the reader first understand basic concepts of therapeutic communication, and then apply them in different clinical situations. The fourth edition includes two new chapters on communication technology and cultural communication, increased content on communicating with the family, groups, children and the elderly, and victims of abuse, and communication with theinterdisciplinary health care team.

Part I Getting Started: Basic Communication Competence

Responsible, Assertive, Caring Communication in Nursing

(20)

The Meaning of Interpersonal Communication

(3)

The Meaning of Assertive Communication

(1)

How Do You Get Started?

(5)

The Meaning of Responsible Communication

(1)

The Meaning of Caring

(2)

How Can You Learn to Communicate Assertively and Responsibly?

(4)

Cognitive Domain: Basic Communication Competencies

(1)

Affective Domain: Belief in the Value and Impact of Positive Communication

(1)

Psychomotor Domain: Putting It All Together

(4)

Practicing Assertive, Responsible, and Caring Communication

(3)

The Client-Nurse Relationship: A Helping Relationship

(15)

The Nature of the Helping Relationship

(4)

Standard IV

(1)

Standard VI

(1)

Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor Abilities in the Therapeutic Encounter

(3)

Client Rights in the Helping Relationship

(1)

Characteristics of Client-Nurse Helping Relationships

(3)

Pointers to Guide You in Your Client-Nurse Helping Relationships

(1)

Being an Effective Nurse-Helper Requires Being Assertive and Responsible

(1)

True Presence

(3)

Practicing Helping

(2)

Solving Problems Together

(19)

Involving the Client in Problem Solving

(1)

Face Work and Politeness Theory

(1)

What Is the Difference Between Problem Solving and Mutual Problem Solving in Nursing?

(11)

Problem Solving: The Nursing Process

(1)

The Mutual Problem-Solving Process in Nursing

(2)

Standard IV

(1)

Standard VI

(1)

Incorporating Validation Into the Nursing Process

(1)

Validating Interpretation of Collected Data

(1)

Identifying Actual or Potential Problems With the Client

(3)

Benefits of Mutuality That Go Beyond the Client-Nurse Dyad

(1)

How to Make Your Clinical Problem Solving a Mutual Affair

(1)

Making a Contract With Your Client

(3)

Practicing Mutual Problem Solving

(6)

Understanding Each Other: Communication and Culture

(18)

Culture, Ethnicity, and Ethnocentrism Defined

(1)

Reasons Why Nurses Need To Be Informed About Culture

(1)

Barriers That Interfere With Nurses' Recognition and Appreciation of Diverse Cultures

(10)

A Closing Thought

(3)

Practicing Effective Cross-Cultural Communication

(3)

Electronic Communication

(20)

Reaching Out to the World Electronically

(1)

Getting Started

(2)

How Do I Get Started?

(1)

Do I Have to Have State-of-the-Art Equipment?

(1)

Is a Separate Telephone Line Necessary for Internet Access?

(1)

What Precautions Should I Take When I Access the World Wide Web?

(2)

Where Can I Learn More?

(1)

Electronic Mail in Health Care

(4)

The Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Mail

(3)

Electronic Communication Differs From Face-to-Face or Telephone Communication

(1)

Privacy Issues in Electronic Communication

(1)

Accessing Information via the Internet

(2)

The Internet for the Health Care Provider and Health Care Consumer

(1)

Consumer Education on the Internet

(1)

Clinical Applications of Electronic Communication

(1)

Educational Applications of Electronic Communication

(1)

What Is Netiquette?

(1)

Practicing Electronic Communication

(7)

Part II Building Relationships

Warmth

(14)

The Benefits of Warmth for Your Clients and Colleagues

(9)

How to Display Warmth to Your Clients and Colleagues

(2)

Stories of Warmth in the Actions of the Nurse

101

(2)

Extending and Withdrawing Warmth

103

(3)

Practicing Warmth

106

(5)

Respect

111

(10)

The Benefits of Respect

111

(1)

Showing Respect to Your Clients

112

(7)

Acknowledging Clients

113

(1)

Establishing the Nature of the Contact

113

(2)

Establishing a Comfortable Climate

115

(1)

Terminating Contact

116

(3)

Practicing Respect

119

(2)

Genuineness

121

(10)

Benefits of Genuineness in Interpersonal Relationships

121

(2)

Incongruence

123

(2)

Being Genuine With Clients and Colleagues

125

(1)

Factors Influencing Genuineness

126

(1)

How You Can Evaluate Your Genuineness

127

(2)

Practicing Genuineness

129

(2)

Empathy

131

(23)

What Is Empathy?

131

(2)

How to Communicate Empathically

133

(3)

Preverbal Aspects of Empathy

133

(1)

Verbal Aspects of Empathy

133

(2)

Nonverbal Aspects of Empathy

135

(1)

When to Communicate Empathically

136

(1)

The Benefits of Empathy for Clients and Colleagues

137

(3)

The Benefits of Being Empathic for the Nurse

140

(1)

Overcoming Blocks to Empathy

141

(2)

Six Steps to Communicating More Empathically

143

(1)

When to Convey Empathy

144

(3)

Practicing Being Empathic

147

(7)

Self-Disclosure

154

(14)

Self-Disclosure in Personal and Professional Relationships

155

(1)

Guidelines for Self-Disclosing in the Helping Relationship

155

(3)

Why Nurses Should Use Self-Disclosure With Clients

156

(1)

What Nurses Should Reveal to Clients in Self-Disclosures

156

(1)

When Nurses Should Use Self-Disclosure With Clients

156

(1)

How to Self-Disclose in the Helping Relationship

157

(1)

Examples of Helpful and Non-Helpful Self-Disclosures

158

(7)

With a Client

159

(1)

With a Colleague

160

(5)

Practicing Self-Disclosure

165

(3)

Specificity

168

(10)

When Specificity Is Useful

168

(2)

Being Specific When Explaining Your Thoughts and Feelings

170

(1)

Being Specific When Reflecting Others' Thoughts and Feelings

171

(1)

Being Specific When Asking Questions

172

(1)

Being Specific When Giving Information or Feedback

172

(1)

Being Specific When Evaluating

173

(1)

Providing Specific Documentation

174

(1)

Practicing Specificity

175

(3)

Asking Questions

178

(14)

The Importance of Asking Questions Effectively in Nursing

178

(1)

The Why, What, How, Who, When, and Where of Asking Questions

179

(3)

The Why of Asking Questions

179

(1)

The What and How of Asking Questions

180

(2)

The Who of Asking Questions

182

(1)

The When and Where of Asking Questions

182

(1)

Common Tactical Errors in Asking Questions and What To Do About Them

182

(7)

The Long-Winded Buildup

182

(1)

The Thunder-Stealer

183

(1)

The Multiple-Choice Mix-Up

184

(1)

Incomprehensible Cryptic Codes

184

(1)

The Offensive Misuse of ``Why,''

185

(1)

Open and Closed Questions

186

(1)

The Mystery Interview

186

(3)

Practicing Asking Questions

189

(3)

Expressing Opinions

192

(11)

The Difference Between Giving Advice and Expressing Opinions

193

(1)

When to Express Your Opinions as a Nurse

193

(2)

Your Feelings About Expressing Opinions

194

(1)

How to Express Your Opinions in an Assertive Way

195

(3)

Get the Consent of Your Receiver Before Expressing Your Opinions

195

(1)

Make Allowances for the Uniqueness of Your Client or Colleague

196

(1)

Include the Rationale for Your Viewpoint

196

(2)

How to Share Your Positive Regard for Others

198

(1)

The Art of Not Expressing Your Opinions

199

(1)

How to Empower Yourself Through Expressing Opinions

199

(2)

Practicing Expressing Opinions

201

(2)

Humor

203

(16)

A Definition of Humor

204

(1)

Positive Versus Negative Humor

205

(1)

Criteria for the Appropriate Use of Humor

206

(1)

Functions of Humor in Health Care

207

(2)

Nursing Practice Confirms the Research

208

(1)

Humor Strategies

209

(3)

Try Gentle Banter

209

(1)

Let Humor Take the Lead

209

(1)

Look for the Positive

210

(1)

Be Creative

210

(1)

Use Toys and Props

211

(1)

How Humor Works to Promote Positive Communication

212

(1)

Humor in Health Care Education

213

(1)

He Who Laughs, Lasts

213

(1)

Practicing Using Humor

214

(5)

Spirituality

219

(20)

A Definition of Spirituality

219

(1)

Themes of Spirituality

220

(1)

The Nurse as a Spiritual Person and Caregiver

221

(6)

Spiritual Care Begins With the Nurse

221

(1)

Spiritual Care of the Client and Family Attitude

222

(1)

Being Fully Present

222

(1)

Being Silent

223

(1)

Moments of Connection

223

(1)

Nearing Death

223

(1)

Finding Meaning

224

(3)

The Spiritual Connection

227

(2)

Practicing Spirituality

229

(10)

Part III Meeting Challenges

Confrontation

239

(13)

Different Kinds of Confrontation

239

(1)

When Confrontation Is Appropriate

240

(1)

The C.A.R.E. Confrontation

241

(2)

Examples of C.A.R.E. Confrontations

241

(2)

Confronting Clients or Colleagues

243

(3)

Situations in Which Your Client's Behavior Is Self-Destructive or Unproductive

243

(1)

Situations in Which Your Colleague's Behavior Is Self-Destructive or Unproductive

243

(1)

Situations in Which Your Client's Behavior Is Bothersome to You or Others

244

(1)

Situations in Which Your Colleague's Behavior Is Unpleasant for You or Others

245

(1)

The Magic of a Little Word

246

(1)

Confrontation Is One Part of Empowerment

246

(2)

Practicing Confrontation

248

(4)

Refusing Unreasonable Requests

252

(12)

What Are Unreasonable Requests?

252

(9)

Saying ``No'' Assertively

254

(1)

Examples of Refusing Requests Assertively

255

(3)

Saying ``No'' Effectively

258

(1)

Dare of Hold Fast to Your Principles

259

(2)

Practicing Refusing Unreasonable Requests

261

(3)

Communicating Assertively and Responsibly With Distressed Clients and Colleagues

264

(20)

Why Distressed Behavior Is a Problem for Nurses

265

(2)

Improving Your Communication Skill With Distressed Clients and Colleagues

267

(12)

Communicating With Upset Clients

268

(1)

Communicating With Upset Colleagues

269

(2)

Communicating With Clients Who Are Sad or Depressed

271

(1)

Communicating With Colleagues Who Are Sad or Depressed

272

(2)

Communicating With Clients Who Are Crying

274

(2)

Communicating With Colleagues Who Are Crying

276

(3)

Practicing Communicating Assertively and Responsibly With Distressed Clients and Colleagues

279

(5)

Critique: Choices of Responses to Distressed Clients and Colleagues

279

(5)

Communicating Assertively and Responsibly With Aggressive Clients and Colleagues

284

(24)

Why Aggressive Behavior Is Problematic for Nurses

284

(19)

Communicating Effectively With Aggressive Clients and Colleagues

285

(2)

Improving Your Communication Skill With Aggressive Clients and Colleagues

287

(1)

Communicating with Rejecting Clients

287

(2)

Communicating with Rejecting Colleagues

289

(2)

Communicating with Hostile Clients

291

(2)

Communicating with Hostile Colleagues

293

(2)

Communicating with Abusive Clients

295

(1)

Communicating with Abusive Colleagues

296

(3)

Communicating with Manipulative Clients

299

(1)

Communicating with Manipulative Colleagues

300

(2)

A Final Note

302

(1)

Practicing Communicating With Aggressive Clients and Colleagues

303

(5)

Critique: Choices of Responses to Aggressive Clients and Colleagues

303

(5)

Communicating Assertively and Responsibly With Unpopular Clients

308

(12)

Who Are the Unpopular Clients?

308

(7)

Characteristics of Unpopular Clients and Their Effects on Nurses

309

(1)

Nurses' Reactions to Unpopular Clients

310

(2)

How to Overcome Negative Attitudes and Antagonistic Behavior Toward Unpopular Clients

312

(3)

Practicing Communicating With Unpopular Clients

315

(5)

Managing Team Conflict Assertively and Responsibly

320

(23)

What Is Conflict?

320

(3)

Facts

321

(1)

Methods

321

(1)

Goals

321

(1)

Values

321

(2)

Conflict Resolution

323

(9)

Assertive and Responsible Ways to Overcome of Conflict

324

(8)

Conflict Resolution and the Nursing Profession

332

(2)

Practicing Managing Team Conflict

334

(9)

Part IV Building Confidence

Requesting Support

343

(20)

The Relationship Between Social Support and Health

344

(1)

Determining The Support You Need at Work or School

345

(4)

Making Requests for the Support You Need at Work or School

349

(8)

Making a Request for Cognitive Support

349

(2)

Making a Request for Affective Support

351

(2)

Making a Request for Physical Support

353

(3)

The Importance of Planning an Assertive Strategy for Making Requests

356

(1)

Providing Support at Work and School

357

(1)

We're All in This Together

357

(2)

Practicing Requesting Support

359

(4)

Overcoming Evaluation Anxiety

363

(16)

What Is Evaluation Anxiety?

363

(11)

Concern for Client Safety

365

(1)

Concern for Our Own Security

365

(1)

Characteristics of Evaluation Anxiety

365

(2)

How to Gain Control Over Your Evaluation Anxiety

367

(1)

Handling Job Performance Appraisals Assertively

367

(2)

Assessing the Validity and Reliability of an Employer's Appraisal System

369

(1)

Coping With the Anxiety of Written Examinations

370

(2)

Tips for Dealing With Criticism

372

(1)

Assertively Handling Difficult Situations Occurring in Nursing Student Performance Evaluations

372

(2)

Moving From Reactive to Proactive Behavior

374

(2)

Practicing Overcoming Evaluation Anxiety

376

(3)

Feedback

379

(12)

The Importance of Feedback

379

(1)

How to Give Feedback

380

(4)

Gain Permission to Give Feedback

381

(1)

Be Specific

381

(1)

Convey Your Perspective

382

(1)

Formula for Success in Giving Assertive Feedback

382

(1)

Invite Comments From the Receiver

383

(1)

Be Genuine

383

(1)

Check Out How Your Feedback Is Being Received

383

(1)

How to Receive Feedback

384

(1)

Get Focused

384

(1)

Arrange to Have Enough Time to Receive the Feedback

384

(1)

Make Sure You Understand the Feedback

384

(1)

Request Guidance on How to Change

384

(1)

Show Appreciation for the Feedback

385

(1)

Think About the Feedback You Receive

385

(1)

About Seeking Feedback

385

(3)

Be Sure You Are Ready to Receive Feedback

386

(1)

Be Specific in Your Request for Feedback

386

(1)

Feedback and Caring Communication

386

(2)

Practicing Giving and Receiving Feedback

388

(3)

Relaxation

391

(14)

The Importance of Relaxing Your Body

391

(1)

Nursing Is a Stressful Occupation

392

(1)

Meditation as a Way to Augment Your Relaxation Response

393

(1)

Guidelines for Beginning to Practice Meditation

394

(3)

Make Time to Meditate

394

(1)

Set the Climate to Meditate

395

(1)

Secure a Comfortable Position for Meditation

395

(1)

Develop a Passive Attitude

395

(1)

Select a Mental Device

395

(1)

Relax Your Body

395

(1)

Focus on Your Breathing

396

(1)

Meditate for 10 Minutes

396

(1)

Experience Your Unique Meditation

396

(1)

End Your Meditation Peacefully

397

(1)

Mindfulness Meditation

397

(1)

On-the-Spot Relaxation Exercises as a Way to Relieve Your Bodily Tension in the Face of an Interpersonal Stressor

397

(1)

Strategies for Relaxing Your Body When Your Stressor Is Immediate

398

(2)

An Unexpected Stressful Interpersonal Encounter

398

(2)

Advantages of On-the-Spot Relaxation Exercises

400

(1)

Stretching Your Body to Relaxation in Preparation for a Stressful Interpersonal Encounter

400

(3)

Practicing Relaxing

403

(2)

Imagery

405

(13)

Wht Is Imagery?

405

(10)

History of Imagery

406

(2)

Application of Imagery in Health Care

408

(1)

Implications of Imagery

409

(1)

The Relationship Between Imagery and Interpersonal Communication

409

(1)

How to Use Imagery to Improve Your Ability to Communicate

410

(5)

Practicing Using Imagery

415

(3)

Positive Self-Talk

418

(14)

What Is Self-Talk?

418

(11)

Positive Self-Talk Is Assertive and Responsible

421

(1)

The Relationship Between Self-Talk and Interpersonal Communication

422

(5)

Using Positive Self-Talk to Enhance Your Interpersonal Communication

427

(2)

Practicing Positive Self-Talk

429

(3)

Continuing the Commitment

432

(7)

Putting it All Together

432

(1)

Generative Balance

433

(2)

Creating Success

433

(1)

Finding Meaning

433

(2)

Renewing Energy

435

(1)

The Body

435

(1)

The Mind

435

(1)

The Spirit

435

(1)

Continuing Connections

435

(1)

The Commitment

436

(1)

Practicing Continuing the Commitment

437

(2)

Appendix

439

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Communication in Nursing

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials