Communications Law Liberties, Restraints, and the Modern Media
, by Zelezny, John D.Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
- ISBN: 9780534134525 | 0534134521
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 1/25/1993
Preface | p. xi |
The U.S. Legal System | p. 1 |
Studying the Law | p. 2 |
Jurisdiction | p. 4 |
Federal Jurisdiction | p. 4 |
State Jurisdiction | p. 7 |
Categorizing Law by Source | p. 8 |
Constitutional Law | p. 9 |
Statutory Law | p. 11 |
Administrative Law | p. 12 |
Case Law | p. 13 |
Other Ways to Categorize Law | p. 16 |
Criminal Law versus Civil Law | p. 16 |
Contracts and Torts | p. 17 |
The Judicial Process | p. 18 |
Justiciable Controversy | p. 19 |
Pretrial Procedure | p. 19 |
Trial Procedure | p. 22 |
Appellate Procedure | p. 22 |
Finding Court Decisions | p. 25 |
Administrative Proceedings | p. 26 |
The First Amendment | p. 31 |
Background | p. 32 |
Reasons for Freedom of Speech | p. 34 |
Social Reasons | p. 34 |
Individualistic Reasons | p. 36 |
Rebuttal | p. 36 |
Adoption of the First Amendment | p. 37 |
Nature of the Guarantee | p. 38 |
Liberty versus Government Power | p. 38 |
Expression versus Conduct | p. 39 |
Suspect Restrictions | p. 42 |
Prior Restraints | p. 42 |
Punishment After the Fact | p. 45 |
Financial Burdens | p. 47 |
Compelled Speech | p. 48 |
Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions | p. 51 |
Resolving Conflicts | p. 53 |
Rights not Absolute | p. 53 |
Unprotected Speech | p. 54 |
The Balancing Approach | p. 57 |
Special Problem: Government Media | p. 63 |
Waiver of Rights | p. 66 |
Risks to Public Safety | p. 71 |
Introduction | p. 73 |
Law and Order | p. 73 |
Clear and Present Danger | p. 74 |
The Incitement Standard | p. 76 |
National Security | p. 78 |
The Pentagon Papers Case | p. 78 |
The H-Bomb Case | p. 80 |
Wartime Access Restrictions | p. 81 |
Personal Injury | p. 82 |
Negligence versus Incitement | p. 83 |
Harm Through Imitation | p. 84 |
Harm from Advice or Instructions | p. 87 |
Harm Through Advertising | p. 92 |
Damage to Reputation | p. 99 |
Evolution of Defamation Law | p. 100 |
Development by the States | p. 101 |
The Constitution Intervenes | p. 102 |
Ingredients for a Lawsuit | p. 103 |
Defamatory Content | p. 103 |
The Meaning of "Defamatory" | p. 104 |
Interpreting the Statements | p. 107 |
Falsity | p. 111 |
Burden of Proof | p. 112 |
How False Must It Be? | p. 112 |
Special Problem: Fact versus Opinion | p. 113 |
Publication | p. 116 |
Identification | p. 117 |
Special Problem: Group Defamation | p. 118 |
Fault | p. 119 |
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan | p. 120 |
Meaning of Actual Malice | p. 123 |
Gertz and the Negligence Standard | p. 126 |
Categorizing the Plaintiff | p. 129 |
Harm to Plaintiff | p. 135 |
Awarding Damages | p. 135 |
Limits on Damages | p. 136 |
Matters of Private Concern | p. 137 |
Privileges, Defenses, and Other Protections | p. 138 |
Reports of Official Proceedings | p. 138 |
Neutral Reporting | p. 140 |
The Wire Service Defense | p. 141 |
Retractions | p. 141 |
Summary Judgment | p. 142 |
Counter-Attacks by the Media | p. 143 |
Anti-SLAPP Statutes | p. 144 |
Libel Insurance | p. 145 |
Statutes of Limitations | p. 145 |
Libel Reform Efforts | p. 146 |
Reasons for Change | p. 146 |
The Annenberg Project | p. 147 |
The Uniform Correction Act | p. 148 |
Privacy and Peace of Mind | p. 153 |
Origins of Privacy Law | p. 154 |
Four Distinct Torts | p. 155 |
Appropriation | p. 156 |
Commercial Use | p. 157 |
Name or Likeness | p. 160 |
Consent | p. 162 |
Special Problem: Deceased Celebrities | p. 164 |
First Amendment Issues | p. 165 |
Disclosure of Private Facts | p. 165 |
Private Facts | p. 166 |
Highly Offensive | p. 169 |
Newsworthiness Defense | p. 169 |
False Light | p. 175 |
False Light Situations | p. 176 |
The Elements and Privileges | p. 177 |
Intrusion | p. 178 |
Expectation of Privacy | p. 179 |
Offensiveness | p. 181 |
Use of Subterfuge | p. 182 |
Public Places | p. 185 |
Fraud | p. 186 |
Emotional Distress | p. 187 |
Harsh Satire and the Hustler Case | p. 187 |
Shocking News Content and Tactics | p. 189 |
Criminal Statutes | p. 190 |
Restrictions on Disclosure | p. 190 |
Restrictions on Information Gathering | p. 191 |
Access to Places and Information | p. 197 |
Access to Places | p. 198 |
Trespass to Private Property | p. 199 |
Accident, Crime, and Disaster Scenes | p. 204 |
Polling Places | p. 205 |
Government Property | p. 205 |
Access to Government Proceedings | p. 207 |
State Open Meeting Laws | p. 207 |
The Federal Statute | p. 210 |
Access to Government Records | p. 212 |
The Freedom of Information Act | p. 212 |
State Open Records Laws | p. 223 |
Selective Access by Government | p. 226 |
Media and the Justice System | p. 233 |
Media and Courts: A Unique Relationship | p. 235 |
Media and a Fair Trial | p. 235 |
The Sixth Amendment Guarantee | p. 236 |
The First Amendment Conflict | p. 236 |
Warnings from the Supreme Court | p. 237 |
The True Effect of Publicity | p. 241 |
The Aftermath of Sheppard | p. 242 |
Preventing Publication | p. 243 |
Gag Orders on the Media | p. 243 |
Gag Orders on Participants | p. 248 |
Access to Proceedings | p. 249 |
Access to Trials | p. 250 |
Pretrial Proceedings | p. 253 |
Civil Proceedings | p. 255 |
Special Problem: Cameras in the Courtroom | p. 256 |
Special Problem: Juvenile Court | p. 259 |
Ethics and Etiquette of Court Coverage | p. 260 |
Access to Court Evidence and Records | p. 260 |
Extracting Evidence from the Media | p. 261 |
Forced Disclosure and the First Amendment | p. 265 |
State Shield Laws | p. 268 |
Legal Obligation to the Source | p. 271 |
Police Searches | p. 272 |
Contempt of Court | p. 273 |
The Penalties for Contempt | p. 273 |
Creative Property | p. 279 |
Introduction | p. 280 |
Copyright | p. 281 |
Protected Works | p. 282 |
Ownership | p. 287 |
Formalities | p. 293 |
Infringement | p. 294 |
Licensing Agreements | p. 297 |
Music Licensing | p. 300 |
Special Problem: Cable Retransmissions | p. 303 |
International Protection | p. 304 |
The Fair Use Defense | p. 305 |
Applying the Factors | p. 306 |
Freedom for Parody | p. 312 |
Copyright and Advancing Technology | p. 314 |
Trademarks | p. 315 |
Creation of Trademarks | p. 316 |
Trademark Registration | p. 318 |
Infringement | p. 319 |
Dilution | p. 320 |
Unfair Competition | p. 322 |
Corporate and Government Speech | p. 329 |
Introduction | p. 330 |
Corporations and Investors | p. 332 |
The Securities and Exchange Commission | p. 332 |
Corporate Reports | p. 332 |
Rule 10b-5 | p. 334 |
Corporations and Political Influence | p. 338 |
Influencing Candidate Elections | p. 339 |
Influencing Public Issues | p. 346 |
Attribution Requirements | p. 347 |
Government and Political Influence | p. 349 |
Government Employees and The Hatch Act | p. 350 |
Employee Honoraria | p. 352 |
Official Government Persuasion | p. 353 |
Commercial Speech | p. 359 |
Introduction | p. 360 |
Commercial Speech and the First Amendment | p. 361 |
The Rise to Protection | p. 362 |
The Central Hudson Test | p. 364 |
Ad Bans for Disfavored Products | p. 366 |
Required Disclosures | p. 370 |
Deceptive Ads and the FTC | p. 371 |
Authority of the FTC | p. 371 |
Deception: The Basic Elements | p. 374 |
Prior Substantiation | p. 380 |
FTC Rules and Guides | p. 381 |
FTC Enforcement Devices | p. 381 |
Lanham Act Lawsuits | p. 386 |
Elements of a Claim | p. 387 |
Sample Cases | p. 387 |
Plaintiff's Remedies | p. 388 |
State Advertising Laws | p. 389 |
Government Prosecution | p. 389 |
Private Lawsuits | p. 390 |
Federal Preemption | p. 390 |
Liability for Illegal Ads | p. 392 |
Rejection of Advertising | p. 392 |
Broadcast and Cable Regulation | p. 397 |
Introduction | p. 398 |
The Rudiments of Broadcast Regulation | p. 399 |
Use of the Spectrum | p. 399 |
The Communications Act of 1934 | p. 401 |
The FCC | p. 402 |
Limited First Amendment Status | p. 403 |
Station Licensing | p. 408 |
The Initial License | p. 409 |
License Renewals | p. 416 |
Transfer of Licenses | p. 419 |
Ownership Limitations | p. 420 |
EEO Rules | p. 422 |
Broadcast Content Controls | p. 424 |
Political Broadcasting | p. 424 |
Remnants of the Fairness Doctrine | p. 430 |
Children's Television | p. 432 |
Other Content Controls | p. 434 |
Cable Television | p. 435 |
First Amendment Status | p. 436 |
The Cable Acts | p. 437 |
Franchising | p. 439 |
Cable Content | p. 440 |
Entry by Telephone Companies | p. 443 |
Obscenity and Indecency | p. 449 |
Introduction | p. 450 |
History of Pornography | p. 451 |
Early American Obscenity Law | p. 452 |
Obscenity and the Constitution | p. 453 |
The Rationale for Controls | p. 454 |
The Presidential Commissions | p. 455 |
Defining Obscenity | p. 456 |
Prurient Interest | p. 457 |
Patent Offensiveness | p. 458 |
Lack of Serious Value | p. 459 |
Exception: Child Pornography | p. 461 |
Attacking Obscenity | p. 462 |
State Statutes | p. 462 |
Federal Statutes | p. 463 |
The Knowledge Requirement | p. 465 |
Private Possession | p. 466 |
Prior Restraint | p. 467 |
Curbing Non-Obscene Material | p. 468 |
Postal Controls | p. 468 |
Local Zoning | p. 469 |
Funding Conditions | p. 472 |
Women's Rights | p. 472 |
Indecency | p. 473 |
The Public Airwaves | p. 473 |
Cable TV | p. 479 |
Telephone | p. 481 |
The Internet | p. 485 |
Introduction | p. 486 |
Jurisdiction Issues | p. 487 |
Liability Issues | p. 490 |
Defamation in Cyberspace | p. 492 |
ISP Liability | p. 493 |
User Liability | p. 495 |
Privacy Online | p. 496 |
Electronic Mail | p. 496 |
Data Collection and the Web | p. 497 |
Information Security | p. 498 |
Creative Property in Cyberspace | p. 500 |
Copyright's Exclusive Rights | p. 501 |
Fair Use | p. 502 |
Trademarks and Domain Names | p. 503 |
Adult Material on the Net | p. 504 |
The Framework for Regulation | p. 505 |
The Communications Decency Act | p. 506 |
The Child Online Protection Act | p. 507 |
Selected Provisions of the U.S. Constitution | p. 509 |
Glossary of Legal Terms | p. 511 |
Notes | p. 521 |
Subject Index | p. 531 |
Case Index | p. 545 |
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