Communications Law Liberties, Restraints, and the Modern Media (with InfoTrac)

, by Zelezny, John D.

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ISBN: 9780534513313 | 053451331X
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/12/2000

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Preface

The U.S. Legal System

(30)

Studying the Law

(2)

Jurisdiction

(4)

Federal Jurisdiction

(3)

State Jurisdiction

(1)

Categorizing Law by Source

(8)

Constitutional Law

(2)

Statutory Law

(1)

Administrative Law

(1)

Case Law

(3)

Other Ways to Categorize Law

(2)

Criminal Law versus Civil Law

(1)

Contracts and Torts

(1)

The Judicial Process

(13)

Justiciable Controversy

(1)

Pretrial Procedure

(3)

Trial Procedure

(1)

Appellate Procedure

(3)

Finding Court Decisions

(1)

Administrative Proceedings

(5)

The First Amendment

(40)

Background

(2)

Reasons for Freedom of Speech

(3)

Social Reasons

(2)

Individualistic Reasons

(1)

Rebuttal

(1)

Adoption of the First Amendment

(1)

Nature of the Guarantee

(4)

Liberty versus Government Power

(1)

Expression versus Conduct

(3)

Suspect Restrictions

(11)

Prior Restraints

(3)

Punishment After the Fact

(2)

Financial Burdens

(1)

Compelled Speech

(3)

Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions

(2)

Resolving Conflicts

(18)

Rights not Absolute

(1)

Unprotected Speech

(3)

The Balancing Approach

(6)

Special Problem: Government Media

(3)

Waiver of Rights

(5)

Risk to Public Safety

(28)

Introduction

(1)

Law and Order

(5)

Clear and Present Danger

(2)

The Incitement Standard

(2)

National Security

(4)

The Pentagon Papers Case

(2)

The H-Bomb Case

(1)

Wartime Access Restrictions

(1)

Personal Injury

(17)

Negligence versus Incitement

(1)

Harm Through Imitation

(3)

Harm from Advice or Instructions

(5)

Harm Through Advertising

(7)

Damage to Reputation

(54)

Evolution of Defamation Law

100

(3)

Development by the States

101

(1)

The Constitution Intervenes

102

(1)

Ingredients for a Lawsuit

103

(1)

Defamatory Content

103

(8)

The Meaning of ``Defamatory''

104

(3)

Interpreting the Statements

107

(4)

Falsity

111

(5)

Burden of Proof

112

(1)

How False Must It Be?

112

(1)

Special Problem: Fact versus Opinion

113

(3)

Publication

116

(1)

Identification

117

(2)

Special Problem: Group Defamation

118

(1)

Fault

119

(16)

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan

120

(3)

Meaning of Actual Malice

123

(3)

Gertz and the Negligence Standard

126

(3)

Categorizing the Plaintiff

129

(6)

Harm to Plaintiff

135

(3)

Awarding Damages

135

(1)

Limits on Damages

136

(1)

Matters of Private Concern

137

(1)

Privileges, Defenses, and Other Protections

138

(8)

Reports of Official Proceedings

138

(2)

Neutral Reporting

140

(1)

The Wire Service Defense

141

(1)

Retractions

141

(1)

Summary Judgment

142

(1)

Counter-Attacks by the Media

143

(1)

Anti-SLAPP Statutes

144

(1)

Libel Insurance

145

(1)

Statutes of Limitations

145

(1)

Libel Reform Efforts

146

(7)

Reasons for Change

146

(1)

The Annenberg Project

147

(1)

The Uniform Correction Act

148

(5)

Privacy and Peace of Mind

153

(44)

Origins of Privacy Law

154

(2)

Four Distinct Torts

155

(1)

Appropriation

156

(9)

Commercial Use

157

(3)

Name or Likeness

160

(2)

Consent

162

(2)

Special Problem: Deceased Celebrities

164

(1)

First Amendment Issues

165

(1)

Disclosure of Private Facts

165

(10)

Private Facts

166

(3)

Highly Offensive

169

(1)

Newsworthiness Defense

169

(6)

False Light

175

(3)

False Light Situations

176

(1)

The Elements and Privileges

177

(1)

Intrusion

178

(8)

Expectation of Privacy

179

(2)

Offensiveness

181

(1)

Use of Subterfuge

182

(3)

Public Places

185

(1)

Fraud

186

(1)

Emotional Distress

187

(3)

Harsh Satire and the Hustler Case

187

(2)

Shocking News Content and Tactics

189

(1)

Criminal Statutes

190

(7)

Restrictions on Disclosure

190

(1)

Restrictions on Information Gathering

191

(6)

Access to Places and Information

197

(36)

Access to Places

198

(9)

Trespass to Private Property

199

(5)

Accident, Crime, and Disaster Scenes

204

(1)

Polling Places

205

(1)

Government Property

205

(2)

Access to Government Proceedings

207

(5)

State Open Meeting Laws

207

(3)

The Federal Statute

210

(2)

Access to Government Records

212

(14)

The Freedom of Information Act

212

(11)

State Open Records Laws

223

(3)

Selective Access by Government

226

(7)

Media and the Justice system

233

(46)

Media and Courts: A Unique Relationship

235

(1)

Media and a Fair Trial

235

(8)

The Sixth Amendment Guarantee

236

(1)

The First Amendment Conflict

236

(1)

Warnings from the Supreme Court

237

(4)

The True Effect of Publicity

241

(1)

The Aftermath of Sheppard

242

(1)

Preventing Publication

243

(6)

Gag Orders on the Media

243

(5)

Gag Orders on Participants

248

(1)

Access to Proceedings

249

(12)

Access to Trials

250

(3)

Pretrial Proceedings

253

(2)

Civil Proceedings

255

(1)

Special Problem: Cameras in the Courtroom

256

(3)

Special Problem: Juvenile Court

259

(1)

Ethics and Etiquette of Court Coverage

260

(1)

Access to Court Evidence and Records

260

(1)

Extracting Evidence from the Media

261

(12)

Forced Disclosure and the First Amendment

265

(3)

State Shield Laws

268

(3)

Legal Obligation to the Source

271

(1)

Police Searches

272

(1)

Contempt of Court

273

(6)

The Penalties for Contempt

273

(6)

Creative Property

279

(50)

Introduction

280

(1)

281

(24)

Protected Works

282

(5)

Ownership

287

(6)

Formalities

293

(1)

Infringement

294

(3)

Licensing Agreements

297

(3)

Music Licensing

300

(3)

Special Problem: Cable Retransmissions

303

(1)

International Protection

304

(1)

The Fair Use Defense

305

(9)

Applying the Factors

306

(6)

Freedom for Parody

312

(2)

314

(1)

Trademarks

315

(7)

Creation of Trademarks

316

(2)

Trademark Registration

318

(1)

Infringement

319

(1)

Dilution

320

(2)

Unfair Competition

322

(7)

Corporate and Government Speech

329

(30)

Introduction

330

(2)

Corporations and Investors

332

(6)

The Securities and Exchange Commission

332

(1)

Corporate Reports

332

(2)

Rule 10b-5

334

(4)

Corporations and Political Influence

338

(11)

Influencing Candidate Elections

339

(7)

Influencing Public Issues

346

(1)

Attribution Requirements

347

(2)

Government and Political Influence

349

(10)

Government Employees and The Hatch Act

350

(2)

Employee Honoraria

352

(1)

Official Government Persuasion

353

(6)

Commercial Speech

359

(38)

Introduction

360

(1)

Commercial Speech and the First Amendment

361

(10)

The Rise to Protection

362

(2)

The Central Hudson Test

364

(2)

Ad Bans for Disfavored Products

366

(4)

Required Disclosures

370

(1)

Deceptive Ads and the FTC

371

(15)

Authority of the FTC

371

(3)

Deception: The Basic Elements

374

(6)

Prior Substantiation

380

(1)

FTC Rules and Guides

381

(1)

FTC Enforcement Devices

381

(5)

Lanham Act Lawsuits

386

(3)

Elements of a Claim

387

(1)

Sample Cases

387

(1)

Plaintiff's Remedies

388

(1)

State Advertising Laws

389

(3)

Government Prosecution

389

(1)

Private Lawsuits

390

(1)

Federal Preemption

390

(2)

Liability for Illegal Ads

392

(1)

Rejection of Advertising

392

(5)

Broadcast and Cable Regulation

397

(52)

Introduction

398

(1)

The Rudiments of Broadcast Regulation

399

(9)

Use of the Spectrum

399

(2)

The Communications Act of 1934

401

(1)

The FCC

402

(1)

Limited First Amendment Status

403

(5)

Station Licensing

408

(16)

The Initial License

409

(7)

License Renewals

416

(3)

Transfer of Licenses

419

(1)

Ownership Limitations

420

(2)

EEO Rules

422

(2)

Broadcast Content Controls

424

(11)

Political Broadcasting

424

(6)

Remnants of the Fairness Doctrine

430

(2)

Children's Television

432

(2)

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Communications Law Liberties, Restraints, and the Modern Media (with InfoTrac)

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials