Comparative Politics Domestic Responses to Global Challenges

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ISBN: 9780534590536 | 0534590535
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/13/2005

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Part One: INTRODUCTION. 1. Seeking New Lands, Seeing With New Eyes. Part Two: THE INDUSTRIALIZED DEMOCRACIES. 2. What Is Democracy? 3. The United States. 4. Great Britain. 5. France. 6. Germany. 7. The European Union. Part Three: THE CRISIS OF COMMUNISM. 8. Goodbye Lenin? 9. Russia. 10. China. Part Four: THE THIRD WORLD. 11. The Third World and the Challenge of Underdevelopment. 12. India. 13. Iran. 14. Iraq. 15. Nigeria. 16. Mexico. Part Five: CONCLUSION. 17. Danger....and Opportunity. CHAPTERS AVAILABLE ON-LINE. Japan. Canada. South Africa.

List of Figures

List of Tables

xii

Preface

xiv

Acknowledgments

xvi

Part 1 Introduction

Seeking New Lands, Seeing with New Eyes

(20)

Dangers and Opportunities in a Shrinking World

(2)

Leaders in Transition

(3)

The State: One Focus among Many

(3)

What Is the State?

(1)

Types of States

(1)

Strong and Weak States

(1)

Comparative Politics

(1)

Three Templates

(4)

The Political System

(2)

Historical and Contemporary Factors

(2)

State, Society, and Globalization

(1)

Five Themes

(1)

Using This Book

(7)

Part 2 Industrialized Democracies

The Industrialized Democracies

(26)

Four Elections

(3)

The United States

(1)

Great Britain

(1)

France

(1)

Germany

(1)

Common and Not-So-Common Themes

(1)

Thinking about Democracy

(3)

The Basics

(2)

Which Countries Are Democracies?

(1)

Key Questions

(1)

The Origins of the Democratic State

(3)

The Origins of Democratic Thought

(2)

Building Democracies

(1)

Political Culture and Participation

(7)

The Civic Culture?

(1)

Political Parties and Elections

(1)

Catch-All Parties

(1)

New Divisions

(2)

Realignment?

(1)

Interest Groups

(1)

Political Protest

(1)

The Democratic State

(4)

Presidential and Parliamentary Systems

(3)

The Rest of the State

(1)

Public Policy

(2)

The Interventionist State

(1)

Foreign Policy

(1)

Feedback

(1)

Conclusion: The Worst Form of Government Except for All the Others?

(3)

The United States

(20)

A More Normal Election

(1)

Thinking about the United States

(1)

The Making of the American State

(3)

The Constitutional Order

(1)

Since the Founders

(1)

The American People and Politics

(6)

The American Political Culture

(1)

Parties and Elections

(4)

Social Movements

(1)

The Weak American State

(5)

The Legislative Process

(3)

The Rest of the Weak State

(1)

Consensus Policy Making

(1)

Public Policy

(1)

Feedback

(1)

Conclusion: American Exceptionalism

(3)

Great Britain

(36)

Tony's Tough Week

(1)

Thinking about Britain

(3)

Key Questions

(1)

The Basics

(2)

The Evolution of the British State

(5)

The Broad Sweep of British History

(2)

The Collectivist Consensus

(2)

British Political Culture

(4)

The Civic Culture and the Collectivist Years

(1)

The Politics of Protest: Toward an Uncivic Culture?

(2)

The Civic Culture Holds

(1)

Will There Always Be a Britain?

(2)

Political Participation

(7)

The Conservatives

(2)

Labour

(2)

The Liberal Democrats

(1)

Minor Parties

(1)

The British Electorate

(1)

Interest Groups

(1)

The British State: Enduring Myths and Changing Realities

(6)

The Monarchy and the Lords: Still Dignified?

(1)

Parliamentary Sovereignty---Sort of

(2)

Cabinet Government?

(1)

The Rest of the State

(1)

Public Policy: The Thatcher and Blair Revolutions

(5)

Domestic Politics

(3)

Foreign Policy

(2)

Feedback

100

(1)

Conclusion: Blair's Legacy and British Democracy

100

(5)

France

105

(38)

Not a Contradiction in Terms

105

(1)

Thinking about France

106

(2)

Key Questions

106

(1)

The Basics

107

(1)

The Evolution of the French State: Centuries of Turmoil

108

(5)

Transformation and Division

108

(1)

Traditional Republican Politics: A Vicious Circle

109

(2)

From the Fourth to the Fifth Republic

111

(2)

French Political Culture: From Alienation toward Consensus

113

(3)

Taming Political Protest

113

(2)

New Divisions

115

(1)

Political Participation

116

(7)

Renewing the Party System

116

(5)

Why These Changes Happened: The French Electoral System

121

(1)

Parity: A Victory for Feminism?

121

(1)

Interest Groups

122

(1)

The French State

123

(8)

A New Constitution for a New State

123

(4)

The Integrated Elite

127

(2)

Local Government

129

(1)

The Courts

129

(1)

The Changing Role of the State

130

(1)

Public Policy: The Pursuit of Grandeur

131

(8)

Economic Policy

131

(3)

The Politics of Headscarves

134

(1)

Foreign Policy

135

(4)

Feedback

139

(1)

Conclusion: A Remarkable Turnaround

139

(4)

Germany

143

(34)

A Telling Snapshot

143

(1)

Thinking about Germany

144

(2)

The Basics

144

(1)

Key Questions

145

(1)

The Evolution of the German State: The German Questions

146

(8)

Unification and the Kaiser's Reich

146

(2)

Weimar and the Rise of Hitler

148

(2)

The Third Reich

150

(1)

Occupation and the Two Germanys

151

(1)

Building a Democratic Germany

152

(2)

Creating a Democratic Political Culture

154

(2)

Political Participation

156

(7)

Parties and the Electoral Process

156

(1)

The Christian Democrats

157

(2)

The Social Democrats

159

(1)

The Free Democratic Party

160

(1)

The Greens

161

(1)

The Party of Democratic Socialism

161

(1)

The Far Right

162

(1)

Interest Groups

162

(1)

The German State: A Smoothly Functioning Democracy

163

(6)

Chancellor Democracy

163

(1)

The Bundestag

164

(1)

The Bundesrat

165

(1)

The Federal System

165

(1)

The Civil Service

166

(1)

The Constitutional Court

166

(1)

Corporatism

167

(2)

Public Policy: Modell Deutschland

169

(4)

The Social Market Economy

169

(1)

Unification

170

(3)

Feedback

173

(1)

Conclusion: Democratization

173

(4)

The European Union

177

(26)

You Say You Want a Constitution?

177

(1)

Thinking about the EU

178

(2)

Who's In? Who's Out?

179

(1)

The New Europe

179

(1)

Three Pillars

179

(1)

Key Questions

180

(1)

The Evolution of the EU

180

(6)

Not Such a New Idea

180

(3)

Creating the Common Market

183

(3)

Political Culture and Participation in the EU

186

(1)

The European State?

187

(6)

The Commission

187

(1)

The Council

188

(1)

The European Court of Justice

189

(1)

The European Parliament

190

(1)

The Complexity of EU Decision Making

191

(1)

Next Steps?

192

(1)

The EU and National Sovereignty

192

(1)

Public Policy in the EU

193

(3)

The Internal Market

193

(2)

The Common Agricultural Policy

195

(1)

Feedback

196

(1)

Conclusion: A Balance Sheet

197

(6)

Part 3 The Crisis of Communism

Current and Former Communist Regimes

203

(24)

Good Bye, Lenin

204

(1)

Thinking about the Current and Former Communist Regimes

205

(1)

Thinking about Communism

206

(2)

The Leninist State

206

(1)

Command Economies

207

(1)

Key Questions

207

(1)

Socialism, Marxism, Leninism

208

(6)

Socialism

208

(1)

Marxism

208

(3)

Marxism-Leninism

211

(1)

Stalinism

211

(1)

Expansion

212

(1)

De-Stalinization

213

(1)

The Marxist-Leninist State

214

(2)

The Party State

214

(1)

The Graying of Communism

215

(1)

The Crisis of Communism: Suicide by Public Policy

216

(4)

Reform: Too Little, Too Late

216

(1)

1989: The Year That Changed the World

217

(2)

The Remnants of the Communist World

219

(1)

Transitions

220

(2)

(Relative) Success: Eastern and Central Europe

221

(1)

Troubled Transitions: The Former Soviet Union

221

(1)

Ethnic Conflict

222

(1)

What's Left of Marxism?

222

(1)

Feedback

222

(1)

Conclusion: The End of an Era

223

(4)

Russia

227

(38)

Guilty until Proven Guilty

227

(1)

Thinking about Russia

228

(2)

The Basics

229

(1)

Key Questions

230

(1)

The Evolution of the Russian State

230

(12)

The Broad Sweep of Russian History

231

(1)

Prelude to Revolution

231

(1)

Lenin and the (Wrong?) Revolution

232

(2)

Stalin, Terror, and the Modernization of the Soviet Union

234

(2)

Khrushchev, Brezhnev, and the Politics of Decline

236

(2)

The Collapse of the Soviet State: The Gorbachev Years

238

(4)

Crisis and Collapse

242

(1)

Between Dictatorship and Democracy

242

(3)

Birth Pangs

243

(2)

Putin and Stability

245

(1)

Political Culture and Participation

245

(8)

Political Culture

245

(2)

Political Parties and Elections

247

(6)

The Russian State

253

(5)

The Presidency

253

(1)

The Oligarchs

254

(1)

The Parliament

254

(1)

The Bureaucracy

255

(1)

The Judiciary

256

(1)

The Federation

256

(1)

The Military

257

(1)

Public Policy

258

(3)

The Economy

258

(2)

Foreign Policy

260

(1)

Feedback

261

(1)

Conclusion: Half Empty or Half Full

261

(4)

China

265

(38)

Hu's on First

265

(2)

Thinking about China

267

(1)

The Basics

267

(1)

Key Questions

267

(1)

The Evolution of the Chinese State

268

(10)

The Broad Sweep of Chinese History

268

(2)

A Failed Revolution

270

(1)

China Stands Up

270

(3)

Factionalism

273

(5)

Since Mao's Death

278

(1)

Political Culture and Participation

278

(7)

A Blank Slate? A Cultural Revolution?

278

(3)

Participation from the Top Down

281

(1)

From the Bottom Up?

282

(1)

Dissent

282

(3)

The Party State

285

(4)

A New Kind of Party?

286

(1)

The Road to Power

286

(2)

Variations on a Theme

288

(1)

Public Policy: Perestroika without Glasnost

289

(6)

Economic Reform

290

(3)

Foreign Policy

293

(2)

Feedback

295

(1)

Conclusion: Kadan or Communism?

295

(8)

Part 4 The Third World

The Third World

303

(28)

Coltan and Politics

303

(2)

Thinking about the Third World

305

(5)

The Basics

306

(4)

Key Questions

310

(1)

The Evolution of Politics in the Third World

310

(2)

Imperialism and Its Legacy

310

(1)

Independence

311

(1)

Postcolonial Problems

312

(1)

Political Culture in the Third World

312

(2)

Identity

312

(1)

Ethnic and Other Divisions

313

(1)

A Lack of Legitimacy

314

(1)

Political Participation in the Third World

314

(2)

Weak States

316

(3)

Types of States

316

(2)

States and Power

318

(1)

Public Policy: The Myths and Realities of Development

319

(7)

Import Substitution

319

(2)

Structural Adjustment

321

(1)

The International Financial Institutions

322

(1)

Foreign Aid

323

(1)

Microcredit

324

(2)

Feedback

326

(1)

Conclusion: Democratization

326

(5)

India

331

(40)

Who Gives a Dam?

331

(1)

Thinking about India

332

(3)

The Basics

332

(3)

Key Questions

335

(1)

The Evolution of Indian Politics

335

(10)

The Weight of History

335

(1)

British Colonialism

336

(2)

The Struggle for Independence

338

(3)

The New Republic

341

(1)

Centralization and Fragmentation

342

(2)

Coalition Politics

344

(1)

Political Culture

345

(2)

Challenges to Culture and Country

345

(1)

Support for the Regime

346

(1)

The Challenge of Modernization

346

(1)

Political Participation

347

(8)

The End of the Congress System

347

(3)

The BJP

350

(2)

The Other Parties

352

(1)

The Election of 2004

352

(2)

Interest Groups

354

(1)

The Indian State

355

(3)

The Constitution

355

(1)

Parliament

356

(1)

The Bureaucracy

356

(1)

Federalism

357

(1)

Public Policy

358

(8)

Confronting Communal Violence

358

(4)

Stimulating the Economy

362

(4)

Feedback

366

(1)

Conclusion: Democracy in India and the Third World

366

(5)

Iran

371

(30)

Teaching Lolita in Tehran

371

(2)

Iran: The Basics

373

(3)

Persia versus Iran

373

(1)

Shiite versus Sunni

373

(2)

Persia versus Shiism

375

(1)

Social and Economic Conditions

375

(1)

Key Questions

376

(1)

The Evolution of the Iranian State

376

(9)

Before Islam

376

(1)

The Arrival and Consolidation of Islam

377

(2)

The Last Shahs

379

(4)

The Islamic Republic

383

(2)

The People and Politics

385

(4)

Political Culture

386

(1)

Protest and Challenges to the Islamic Republic

386

(1)

Elections and the Prospects for Democracy in Iran

387

(2)

The Iranian State

389

(3)

The Unelected Elements

389

(2)

The Elected Institutions

391

(1)

The Routinization of Charisma

391

(1)

Public Policy

392

(5)

Faith and Gender

392

(1)

The Economy

393

(1)

Iran and the United States: Axis of Evil?

394

(3)

Feedback

397

(1)

Conclusion: Uncertainty

397

(4)

Iraq

401

(32)

Before We Begin

401

(1)

What a Difference a Year Can Make---In Either Direction

401

(2)

Thinking about Iraq

403

(19)

The Basics

403

(1)

The Evolution of the Iraqi State

404

(2)

Political Culture and Participation

406

(4)

The State under Saddam Hussein

410

(5)

Public Policy

415

(7)

The Third War and the New Iraq

422

(7)

A Decade of Tension

422

(2)

The Third War

424

(2)

Occupation and Insurgency

426

(1)

The Insurrection

427

(1)

The New Iraq?

428

(1)

Feedback

429

(4)

Nigeria

433

(36)

A New Democracy?

433

(2)

Thinking about Nigeria

435

(3)

Poverty

435

(2)

Ethnicity

437

(1)

High Stakes Politics

437

(1)

Key Questions

438

(1)

The Evolution of the Nigerian State

438

(14)

Before the British

438

(1)

Colonization

439

(2)

Colonial Rule

441

(1)

Independence

442

(2)

The First Republic

444

(2)

Military Rule I

446

(2)

The Second Republic

448

(1)

Military Rule II

449

(2)

Military Rule III

451

(1)

Political Culture

452

(4)

Mass Political Culture

452

(2)

Elite Culture

454

(1)

Nonelectoral Participation

454

(1)

Political Parties and Elections

455

(1)

The Fragile Nigerian State

456

(4)

The Fourth Republic

457

(1)

The Personalization of Power

457

(1)

Corruption

458

(1)

Federalism

459

(1)

Public Policy

460

(5)

Democratization

460

(2)

Economic Development and Structural Adjustment

462

(3)

Feedback

465

(1)

Nigeria and the Plight of the Third World

465

(4)

Mexico

469

(40)

A Failing Presidency?

469

(1)

Thinking about Mexico

470

(3)

The Basics

471

(1)

Big Brother Is Watching

472

(1)

Key Questions

473

(1)

The Evolution of Mexican Politics

473

(7)

The Colonial Era

474

(1)

Independence

474

(2)

The Revolution

476

(1)

Institutionalizing the Revolution

476

(1)

Cardenas and His Legacy

477

(1)

An Institutional Revolutionary Party

478

(2)

Political Culture

480

(2)

Political Participation

482

(6)

The PRI and Its Hold on Power

483

(2)

The Other Parties

485

(3)

The People, the PRI, and Civil Society

488

(1)

The Mexican State

488

(6)

Nonreelection and Presidential Domination

489

(1)

The Cabinet, the Bureaucracy, and the Judiciary

490

(1)

Congress and the Legislative Process

491

(1)

The Federal System

492

(1)

The Military

492

(1)

Corporatism and Corruption

492

(2)

Public Policy

494

(9)

Debt and Development

494

(4)

U.S.-Mexican Relations

498

(5)

Feedback

503

(1)

Conclusion: Mexico and the Third World

503

(6)

Part 5 Conclusion

Dancer . . . and Opportunity

509

(16)

Crisis

509

(1)

Danger

510

(5)

The Growing Cost of Violence and War

511

(1)

Environmental Abuse

512

(2)

The Perilous Global Economy

514

(1)

Lives without Dignity

514

(1)

The Wheel of Fortune

515

(1)

Constraints on States and Citizens

516

(1)

Opportunity: A Change in the Way We Think

517

(5)

Ways of Thinking

518

(1)

Conventional Values

519

(1)

Cooperative Problem Solving

519

(2)

Thinking Systemically

521

(1)

Conclusion: Student and Citizen

522

(3)

Glossary

525

(13)

Photo Credits

538

(1)

Name Index

539

(4)

Subject Index

543

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Comparative Politics Domestic Responses to Global Challenges

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials