Constitutional Interpretation Power of Government, Volume I

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ISBN: 9780534613990 | 0534613993
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/9/2003

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Preface. Table of Cases. Table of Contents. 1. Judicial Power. 2. The Modes of Constitutional Interpretation. 3. Legislative Power. 4. Executive Power. 5. Powers of the National Government in the Federal System. 6. The Regulatory Power of the States in the Federal System. Appendix A: Time Chart of the United States Supreme Court. Appendix B: Biographical Chart of Supreme Court Justices Since 1900. Appendix C: Biographies of the Current Justices. Glossary. Index.

Preface

Summary of Contents

xiii

Table of Cases

xix

CHAPTER 1 JUDICIAL POWER

(78)

A. THE SUPREME COURT'S JURISDICTION AND ITS ASSUMPTION OF JUDICIAL REVIEW

(35)

Judicial Review

(14)

Marbury v. Madison

(9)

Note-When Should Judges Disqualify Themselves?

(2)

Eakin v. Raub: Justice Gibson's Dissenting Opinion

(4)

Original Jurisdiction

(1)

Supreme Court Review of State Court Decisions

(5)

Martin v. Hunter's Lessee

(4)

Appellate Jurisdiction

(3)

Ex Parte McCardie

(2)

Checking the Court

(1)

The Structure of the Judicial System

(3)

Exhibit 1.1-The Flow of Cases to the U.S. Supreme Court

(1)

Exhibit 1.2-United States Courts of Appeals and United States District Courts

(1)

The Writ of Certiorari

(4)

Rule 10-Considerations Governing Review on Certiorari

(2)

Exhibit 1.3-Constitutional Decisions as a Proportion of All Supreme Court Decisions

(1)

The Process by Which the Supreme Court Decides Cases

(4)

Judicial Independence

(1)

B. INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE EXERCISE OF JUDICIAL POWER

(41)

Case and Controversy

(5)

Muskrat v. United States

(4)

Note-Mootness: The Defunis and Sosna Cases

(1)

Ripeness

(2)

National Treasury Employees Union v. United States

(1)

Standing

(11)

Allen v. Wright

(10)

Note-City of Los Angeles v. Lyons

(2)

Note-Do Federal Taxpayers as Such Have Standing to Sue?

(1)

Political Questions

(20)

Baker v. Carr

(8)

Bush v. Gore

(38)

Note-Goldwater v. Carter

(2)

The Debate over Justiciability

(1)

Discretionary and Ministerial Acts

(1)

CHAPTER 2 THE MODES OF CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION

(25)

The Traditional Theory of Judicial Review: Constitutional Absolutism or Interpretivism

(5)

The Balancing of Interests or Judicial Self-Restraint

(5)

Strict Scrutiny or the Preferred Freedoms Approach

(3)

The Court in American History: Judicial Values and Constitutional Interpretation

(9)

The Court and Political Accountability

102

(2)

CHAPTER 3 LEGISLATIVE POWER

104

(1)

Qualifications of Members of Congress

104

(72)

A. THE SOURCES AND SCOPE OF CONGRESS'S POWER TO LEGISLATE

105

(23)

Enumerated and Implied Powers

106

(7)

McCulloch v. Maryland

107

(6)

Amendment-Enforcing Powers

113

(10)

South Carolina v. Katzenbach

113

(6)

City of Boerne v. Flores

119

(4)

Inherent Powers

123

(2)

The Treaty Power

125

(3)

Missouri v. Holland

126

(3)

Note-The Proposed Bricker Amendment

127

(1)

B. DELEGATION OF LEGISLATIVE POWER

128

(25)

J. W. Hampton, Jr., & Co, v. United States

129

(8)

Note-The Panama Refining and Schechter Cases

132

(2)

The Economic Stabilization Act of 1970

134

(3)

Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Chadha

137

(10)

Note-Bowsher v. Synar

144

(2)

Note-Mistretta v. United States

146

(1)

Clinton v. City of New York

147

(6)

C. THE POWER TO INVESTIGATE

153

(20)

Investigations and the First Amendment

154

(7)

Note-The Court and Congressional Investigations of Communist Activities: The Watkins and Barenblatt Cases

155

(6)

Court-Curb Proposals Stimulated by Controversial Decisions

161

(3)

Exhibit 3.1-Comparing the Voting Patterns in the Watkins and Barenblatt Cases

163

(1)

Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigation Committee

164

(4)

Immunity

168

(8)

United States v. North

169

(4)

D. THE SPEECH OR DEBATE CLAUSE (CONGRESSIONAL IMMUNITY)

173

(3)

CHAPTER 4 EXECUTIVE POWER

176

(96)

A. THE PRESIDENT'S APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL POWERS

176

(15)

Myers v. United States

178

(7)

Morrison v. Olson

185

(6)

B. THE SCOPE OF EXECUTIVE POWER

191

(51)

Theories of Executive Power

191

(26)

Ex Parte Milligan

194

(7)

Korematsu v. United States

201

(8)

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer [The Steel Seizure Case]

209

(8)

Presidential Power Under Nixon

217

(4)

Note-The Nixon-Frost Interview

218

(3)

Executive Privilege

221

(10)

United States v. Nixon

222

(9)

The Attorney-Client and Protective Function Privileges

231

(2)

The Clinton Impeachment

233

(2)

Liability of the President for Damages

235

(7)

Nixon v. Fitzgerald

236

(6)

C. THE PRESIDENT'S POWER TO PARDON

242

(7)

In Re Grand Jury Subpoenas Dated March 9, 2001

246

(3)

D. EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY IN THE CONDUCT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

249

(26)

Executive Agreements

250

(4)

United States v. Belmont

250

(4)

Note-Settlement of the Iranian Hostages Crisis

253

(1)

Presidential Dominance in Foreign Relations

254

(6)

United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.

255

(5)

The Power to Use Military Force

260

(17)

The War Powers Resolution

261

(3)

Delluens v. Bush

264

(8)

CHAPTER 5 POWERS OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IN THE FEDERAL SYSTEM

272

(1)

Dual Federalism

273

(1)

National Supremacy and Cooperative Federalism

275

(89)

A. THE GENERAL SCOPE OF CONGRESS'S POWER TO REGULATE INTERSTATE COMMERCE

277

(24)

Gibbons v. Ogden

278

(6)

Stafford v. Wallace

284

(2)

Houston, East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States [The Shreveport Rate Case]

286

(1)

The "Federal Police Power"

287

(1)

Champion v. Ames [The Lottery Case]

288

(6)

Note-Brooks v. United States

292

(1)

The Commerce Power and Racial Discrimination

293

(4)

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States

294

(3)

Katzenbach v. McClung

297

(4)

Note-Daniel v. Paul

300

(1)

B. CONGRESS'S POWER TO REGULATE PRODUCTION UNDER THE COMMERCE CLAUSE

301

(1)

The Rise of Dual Federalism

301

(27)

Exhibit 5.1-The Meaning of Interstate Commerce

304

(1)

Hammer v. Dagenhart [The Child Labor Case]

304

(4)

Carter v. Carter Coal Co.

308

(7)

Exhibit 5.2-The Changing Face of American Politics: The Coming of the New Deal

314

(1)

The Decline of Dual Federalism

314

(1)

Exhibit 5.3-Voting Blocs on the United States Supreme Court

315

(13)

National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.

316

(8)

Wickard v. Filburn

324

(4)

C. REKINDLING DUAL FEDERALISM: THE REHNQUIST COURT

328

(1)

The Rehnquist Court and the Commerce Clause

328

(13)

United States v. Lopez

328

(4)

United States v. Morrison

332

(9)

Exhibit 5.4-Voting Positions of the Justices During the 1980's and 1990's

338

(1)

The Eleventh Amendment

339

(2)

D. THE TAXING AND SPENDING POWER

341

(23)

McCray v. United States

342

(3)

The Rise of Dual Federalism

345

(1)

Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. [The Child Labor Tax Case]

345

(3)

United States v. Butler

348

(5)

The Decline of Dual Federalism

353

(1)

Steward Machine Co. v. Davis

353

(5)

South Dakota v. Dole

358

(6)

CHAPTER 6 THE REGULATORY POWER OF THE STATES IN THE FEDERAL SYSTEM

364

(1)

The Police Power

364

(49)

Jacobson v. Massachusetts

365

(2)

Federal Preemption and Federal Dictation

367

(2)

Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. State Energy Resources Conservation & Development Commission

369

(7)

Other Cases on Preemption

375

(1)

New York v. United States

376

(6)

Printz v. United Sates

382

(7)

The Interstate Movement of Persons

389

(1)

Edwards v. California

390

(3)

The Negative or Dormant Commerce Clause

393

(1)

Cooley v. The Board of Wardens of the Port of Philadelphia

394

(3)

Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.

397

(7)

City of Philadelphia v. State of New Jersey

404

(9)

Other Cases on State Regulation

409

(1)

Judicial Federalism

410

(3)

CHAPTER 7 PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ECONOMIC LIBERTIES

413

A. THE CONTRACT CLAUSE AND THE STATE POLICE POWER

414

(13)

Fletcher v. Peck

415

(2)

Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward [The Dartmouth College Case]

417

(4)

Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell [The Minnesota Moratorium Case]

421

(6)

B. THE LIFE AND DEATH OF "LIBERTY OF CONTRACT"

427

(1)

Social Darwinism

427

(25)

Exhibit 7.1-The Translation of Social and Political Values into Constitutional Decisions, 1895-1936

429

(1)

The Rise of "Liberty of Contract"

429

(1)

Butchers' Benevolent Association v. Crescent City Livestock Landing & Slaughterhouse Co. [The Slaughterhouse Cases]

430

(4)

Munn v. Illinois

434

(3)

Allgeyer v. Louisiana

437

(4)

Note-The Adair and Coppage Cases

439

(2)

Lochner v. New York

441

(4)

Muller v. Oregon

445

(1)

The End of "Liberty of Contract"

446

(1)

West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish

447

(3)

City of New Orleans v. Dukes

450

(2)

Note-Minnesota v. Clover Leaf Creamery Co.

452

(1)

C. THE REGULATION AND "TAKING" OF PROPERTY

452

Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York

453

(8)

Dolan v. City of Tigard

461

APPENDIX A. TIME CHART OF THE U.S. SUPREME COURT

APPENDIX B. BIOGRAPHICAL CHART OF SUPREME COURT JUSTICES SINCE 1900

APPENDIX C. BIOGRAPHIES OF THE CURRENT JUSTICES

APPENDIX D. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

APPENDIX E. A BRIEF GUIDE TO LEGAL CITATIONS AND RESEARCH

Exhibit E.1-The National Reporter System

Exhibit E.2-Map of the National Reporter System

GLOSSARY

INDEX

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Constitutional Interpretation Power of Government, Volume I

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials