Contemporary Arab Broadcast Media

The Arab world is undergoing a media revolution, triggered by the launch of numerous, privately-owned satellite and cable TV channels. This book follows three dominant Arab media channels& -Al-Jazeera, Al-Hurra, and Al-Arabia& -as they have grown in importance and presence after the events of 9/11. It surveys the modern history of Arab media; the aims, objectives, and programs of Al-Jazeera Arabic, Al-Hurra, and Al-Arabia; and the similarities and differences between these channels' broadcasting. The volume explores the impact of private media on the Arabic public sphere, the American and European media's influence on Arab programming, the media laws under which Arab media operates, the issue of state control and ownership, and the extent of such influence on the dissemination of free and fair information.

El Mustapha Lahlali lectures in the School of Modern Languages and Cultures at the University of Leeds and is the author of Advanced Media Arabic (2008) and How to Write in Arabic (2009), both published by Edinburgh University Press. He is also the author of Critical Discourse Analysis and Classroom Discursive Practices (2007), and co-author of The Travels of Ibn al-Tayyib: the Forgotten Journey of an Eighteenth Century Arab Traveller to the Hijaz (2010).

Acknowledgements	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
Historical Development of the Arab Media	p. 9
Overview of the development of the Arab media	p. 9
The Arab media and Arab nationalism	p. 12
Arab migrating media	p. 16
Print media	p. 17
Radio and television	p. 26
Main hindrances to the development of the Arab media	p. 29
Transnational media	p. 31
Cultural implications of transnational Arab television	p. 32
Historical development of satellite television in the Arab world	p. 34
State media and satellite channels	p. 35
History of the freedom of the press in the Arab world	p. 36
Freedom of expression and the law	p. 38
Freedom of expression and the economic landscape in the Arab world	p. 39
The development of network communication in the Arab world	p. 42
Accountability in journalism	p. 47
Codes and regulations of the Arab media	p. 48
Conclusion	p. 50
Globalisation, Democracy and the Arab Media	p. 51
Definition of globalisation	p. 51
Al-Jazeera English: a global discourse	p. 58
Global media and the public sphere	p. 62
The Arab media as a global practice	p. 69
The active role of the public	p. 70
The Arab media and national political systems	p. 73
Al-Arabiya and the public sphere	p. 74
The discourse of globalisation and the Arab media	p. 75
Is the Arab media a global phenomenon?	p. 76
Conclusion	p. 77
Al-Jazeera, Al-Hurra and Al-Arabiya: Different Channels or Three Sides of the Same Triangle?	p. 79
Al-Jazeera	p. 79
Al-Jazeera and objectivity	p. 79
Al-Jazeera and the West	p. 81
Al-Jazeera's programmes	p. 84
The expansion of Al-Jazeera	p. 87
Al-Jazeera and coverage of the wars on Afghanistan and Iraq	p. 88
Al-Jazeera and the Arab audience	p. 91
Al-Hurra and Radio Sawa	p. 94
Al-Hurra's programmes	p. 101
Al-Hurra and the 1994 International Broadcasting Act	p. 104
Criticism of Al-Hurra	p. 108
Al-Arabiya	p. 109
Al-Arabiya's programmes	p. 113
Similarities and differences between the three channels	p. 115
Conclusion	p. 117
The Arab Media and the Discourse of Conflict	p. 119
Definition of discourse	p. 120
What is critical analysis?	p. 120
Why CDA and media discourse?	p. 122
Who produces and consumes media texts?	p. 123
Fairclough's framework	p. 125
Content and representation in news reports	p. 129
Discourse, representations and power	p. 133
Representations in clauses or sentences	p. 133
Method of the study	p. 137
Representation of voices in the three channels	p. 137
The selection of lexis	p. 142
Naming and labelling	p. 147
Passive v. active	p. 151
Conclusion	p. 153
Conclusion	p. 155
Notes	p. 161
Bibliography	p. 163
Index	p. 175
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Contemporary Arab Broadcast Media

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