Creating Successful Dementia Care Settings: Understanding the Environment Through Aging Senses

, by Calkins, Margaret P.; Calkins, Margaret P.; Briller, Sherylyn H.; Proffitt, Mark A.; Perez Kristin

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ISBN: 9781878812728 | 1878812726
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 11/1/2001

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Supplemental Materials

About the Authors

xiii

Acknowledgments

Preface

xvii

User's Guide

xix

Volume 1

The Senses

(4)

Sensory Stimulation

(3)

Vision

(20)

How Vision Changes with Age

(4)

What Staff Can Do

(2)

Before Personal Care

Keeping Residents Active

What the Environment Can Do

(14)

Lighting

Ways to Improve Poor or Inadequate Lighting

Color and Pattern

Room Features

Hearing

(8)

How Hearing Changes with Age

(1)

What Staff Can Do

(2)

Communication Techniques

Socialization

What the Environment Can Do

(5)

Excess Noise

Acoustical Treatments for Hard Surfaces

Smell and Taste

(8)

How Smell and Taste Change with Age

(1)

What Staff Can Do

(2)

Incorporating Positive Smells and Tastes

Using Smells with Personal Meaning

Minimizing Negative Smells

What the Environment Can Do

(5)

Reducing Negative Odors

Using Positive Smells and Tastes as Room Cues

Using Aromatherapy

Planting Therapeutic Gardens

Touch

(8)

How Touch Changes with Age

(1)

What Staff Can Do

(2)

Incorporating Touch into Therapeutic Activities

When Touch Is Not Appropriate

What the Environment Can Do

(5)

Improving the Textural Environments

Avoiding Abrasive Elements

Regulating Temperature

Bibliography

(2)

Index

(132)

Volume 2

What Are Functional Abilities?

(10)

Functional Abilities in Older People

(2)

A Myth About Aging

When Functional Abilities Become a Problem at Home

Moving into Long-Term Care Facilities

What Is Excess Disability?

Functional Abilities in Older People with Dementia

(3)

Physical Factors

Cognitive Factors

Social Factors

Environmental Factors

Assessment as a Multidimensional Process

(4)

Assessment of Physical Factors

Assessment of Cognitive Factors

Assessment of Social Factors

Assessment of Environmental Factors

Orientation

(32)

What Staff Can Do

(3)

Orientation to Time

Orientation to Place

Reality Orientation Versus Validation

What the Environment Can Do

(20)

Spatial Adjacencies

Cueing

Rooms

Where to Find Products

(5)

Mobility

(48)

Mobility in Older People

(6)

Psychological Issues

Physiological Issues

Falls

Mobility in Older People with Dementia

(4)

Apraxia

Risk of Falling in Residents with Dementia

Restraints

What Staff Can Do

(15)

Contributors to Resident Falls

When Mobility Becomes Significantly Impaired

The Truth About Restraints

Mobility Aids

Exercise to Promote and Maintain Physical Conditioning

Difference Staff Can Make in Successful Rehabilitation

What the Environment Can Do

(15)

Environmental Aspects that Support Mobility

Improving Mobility in Specific Areas

Flooring

Furniture

Handrails

Communication Devices

Residents' Rooms and Public Areas

Where to Find Products

(8)

Continence

(12)

Incontinence as a Part of Normal Aging

(1)

Incontinence Compounded by Dementia

Changes in a Resident's Continence

(1)

What Staff Can Do

(3)

Interventions

Reducing Embarrassment When Assistance Is Needed

What the Environment Can Do

(4)

Finding the Bathroom

Finding the Toilet

Transferring to and from the Toilet

Where to Find Products

100

(3)

Eating

103

(40)

How Eating Changes with Age

104

(2)

Social Issues

Physical Issues

How Dementia Affects the Experience of Eating

106

(4)

Memory Problems

Problems with Chewing and Swallowing

When Residents Are No Longer Able to Eat

What Staff Can Do

110

(11)

Reasons that Residents May Reject Food

Creating a Therapeutic Setting for Dining

Administrative Support

Interventions to Improve Eating

What the Environment Can Do

121

(13)

Finding the Dining Room

Minimizing Excess Disability

Where to Find Products

134

(9)

Dressing

143

(24)

When Older Adults Have Trouble Dressing

143

(1)

Physical Issues

144

(1)

Difficulties of Dressing for Residents with Dementia

145

(1)

What Staff Can Do

145

(12)

Understanding Residents' Feelings

Taking a Therapeutic Approach

Stages of Dressing

How It Feels to Need Help Getting Dressed

What the Environment Can Do

157

(10)

Closet/Wardrobe Modification

Recognizing the Contents of Closets

Closet and Room Lighting

Grooming Center

Where to Find Products

162

(5)

Bathing

167

(16)

How Important Is Bathing?

167

(1)

Why Do Some Residents Dislike Bathing?

168

(1)

How Often Should Residents Bathe?

168

(1)

What Staff Can Do

169

(3)

Undressing Residents

Privacy

Running Water

Air and Water Temperatures

What the Environment Can Do

172

(5)

Using a Tub that Fits Residents' Needs

Privacy Issues

Controlling Air and Water Temperatures

Creating Pleasant Tub Rooms

Where to Find Products

177

(6)

Bibliography

183

(6)

Index

189

Volume 3

What Is Disruptive Behavior?

(8)

Past Responses to Disruptive Behaviors

(2)

Why Do These Behaviors Occur?

(5)

Agenda Behavior Approach

Using a Behavior Tracking Process

Wandering

(30)

What Is Wandering?

(2)

Motivators for Wandering

(1)

Past Responses to Wandering

(1)

Strategies to Address Wandering

(2)

What Staff Can Do

(6)

Inhibitors to Social Involvement

Promoting Social Involvement

Orientation

Excessive Walking

What the Environment Can Do

(9)

Promoting Social Interaction and Diversion

Orientation to Place

Limiting Wandering into Nonresidential/Private Areas

Excessive Walking

Where to Find Products

(9)

Attempting to Leave

(26)

Why Residents Might Want to Leave

(1)

Patterns of Leaving

(1)

Determining Appropriate Interventions

(1)

What Staff Can Do

(3)

Addressing Patterns of Exiting

Methods for Decreasing Exiting

When a Resident Successfully Leaves a Unit

What the Environment Can Do

(13)

Minimizing Confinement and Regulating Stimulation

Modifying Doorways to Reduce Exiting

Security Systems

Elevators as Specific Problem Areas

Windows as Specific Problem Areas

Where to Find Products

(7)

Rummaging and Hoarding

(10)

Common Reasons for Rummaging

(1)

Common Reasons for Hoarding

(1)

What Staff' Can Do

(2)

Creating Places to Rummage

Increasing Sensory Stimulation

Providing Opportunities to Be Productive

What the Environment Can Do

(2)

Creating Places to Rummage

Creating Places of Productivity

Returning the Idea of Control

Where to Find Products

(3)

Combative Behaviors

(30)

How Problematic Are Combative Behaviors?

(1)

Causes of Combative Behaviors

(3)

Physiological Issues

Emotional Issues

Environmental Issues

Addressing Combative Behaviors

(2)

Identifying the Causes

Using Restraints

Agitation as a Precursor

What Staff Can Do

(6)

Staff Training

Approaches to Use During Personal Care

Interventions for Overstimulation

Intervening in a Combative Situation

What the Environment Can Do

(9)

Addressing Combative Behaviors During Bathing

Addressing Environmental Auditory and Visual Causes of Stress

Where to Find Products

(8)

Socially Inappropriate Behaviors

105

(18)

Disruptive Vocalizations

105

(2)

Contributing Factors

Assessing Behavior

Discussing the Behavior with Direct Care Staff

Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors

107

(3)

Resident Sexuality

Underlying Causes

Repetitive Behavors

110

(1)

What Staff Can Do

111

(12)

Disruptive Vocalizations

Sexual Behaviors

Repetitive Behaviors

Bibliography

123

(4)

Appendix A: Behavior Tracking Form

127

(4)

Appendix B: Sensory Stimulation Assessment

131

(4)

Index

135

(8)

Volume 4

Overview of Home-Based Philosophy of Care

(6)

Models of Care

(4)

Medical Model

Residential Model

Hospitality Model

Conclusion

(1)

Personalization

(32)

Expressing the Self

(2)

Understanding the Self

(1)

Marking a Territory as Your Own

(1)

How Personalization Changes with Age and Relocation

(4)

Preserving the Self

Relocation

How Dementia Affects Personalization

(2)

What Staff Can Do

(5)

Developing Policies to Encourage Personalization

Helping Residents with Personalization

What the Environment Can Do

(12)

Residents Bedrooms

Private Bathrooms

Bedroom Entryways

Exterior Window Treatments

Interior Shared Spaces

Tub Room

Outdoor Shared Spaces

Where to Find Products

(6)

Roles and Activities

(32)

Definition of Self

(1)

Well-Being

(2)

How Roles and Activities Change with Age and Relocation

(4)

Loss of Roles and Activities

New Roles and Activities

Role Confusion

Relocation

How Dementia Affects Roles and Activities

(1)

What Staff Can Do

(9)

Providing Appropriate Activities

Making the Activities Work

What the Environment Can Do

(8)

Domestic Activities

Work Activities

Leisure Activities

Where to Find Products

(6)

Privacy

(22)

Letting Your Hair Down

(2)

Self Reflection

(1)

Control

(1)

Protecting Information About the Self

(2)

How Privacy Needs Change with Age and Relocation

(3)

Decreased Social Support

Health Problems

Relocation

How Dementia Affects Privacy

(1)

What Staff Can Do

(5)

Develop Policies to Protect Privacy

Recognize Residents' Privacy Needs

What the Environment Can Do

(5)

Shared Residents' Bedrooms

Residents' Bathrooms

Hallways

Indoor Shared Spaces

Outdoor Shared Spaces

Where to Find Products

(3)

Autonomy and Control

(22)

Choice

(1)

Well-Being

(2)

How Autonomy and Control Change with Age and Relocation

(3)

Social and Physical Losses

Relocation

How Dementia Affects Autonomy and Control

100

(1)

What Staff Can Do

101

(6)

Developing Policies to Encourage Control

Providing Meaningful Choices

What the Environment Can Do

107

(4)

Private Areas

Choices

Orientation Cues

Access to the Outdoors

Activity Choices

Where to Find Products

111

(4)

Residential Design

115

(28)

What the Environment Can Do

116

(18)

Spatial Adjacencies

Scale

Purpose-Specific Rooms

Decor

Where to Find Products

134

(9)

Bibliography

143

(4)

Appendix A: Resident's Social History

147

(14)

Appendix B: Hanging Pictures and Artwork

161

(2)

Appendix C: Toxicity of Common House and Garden Plants

163

(8)

Index

171

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Creating Successful Dementia Care Settings: Understanding the Environment Through Aging Senses

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials