Criminal Law: Cases And Materials

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ISBN: 9780314151285 | 0314151281
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/20/2005

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Criminal Law: Cases and Materials 1st Edition by Cynthia Lee and Angela Harris provides a fresh perspective on criminal law, while keeping a fairly traditional organizational focus. A special feature of this book is the introductory text that appears at the outset of each chapter, providing a doctrinal roadmap for the student reader.

Preface

Acknowledgments

vii

Table of Cases

Table of Authorities

xxi

Summary of Contents

xxvii

Basic Principles of the Criminal Law

(72)

Introduction

(2)

The Aims of the Criminal Law

(2)

Henry M. Hart, Jr.

Sources of Criminal Law

(1)

Note

(1)

Justifications for Punishment

(29)

Note

(1)

Regina v. Dudley and Stephens

(5)

Note

(1)

People v. Suitte

(9)

Haven or Hell? Inside Lorton Central Prison: Experiences of Punishment Justified

(14)

Robert Blecker

The Presumption of Innocence and Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

(5)

Note

(3)

District of Columbia Criminal Jury Instruction 2.09

(1)

Virginia Model Jury Instructions: Criminal Instruction No. 2.100

(1)

California Jury Instructions - Criminal 2.90

(1)

Standards of Review

(4)

Note

(1)

Curley v. United States

(4)

The Role of the Jury

(19)

Note

(2)

People v. Williams

(8)

Race-Based Jury Nullification: Case-in-Chief

(6)

Paul D. Butler

Race-Based Jury Nullification: Rebuttal

(2)

Andrew D. Leipold

Note

(1)

Statutory Interpretation

(10)

Note

(1)

United States v. Dauray

(9)

Constitutional Limitations on the Power to Punish

(85)

Introduction

(1)

Fourteenth Amendment Due Process: Void for Vagueness Doctrine

(25)

Note

(1)

Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville

(5)

Can a Person Be Free to Wander Without Worry of Arrest?

(2)

Leon Lindsay

Kolender v. Lawson

(4)

Note

(1)

Walking While Black: Encounters with the Police on My Street

(5)

Paul Butler

City of Chicago v. Morales

(7)

Note

(1)

The Eighth Amendment: Cruel and Unusual Punishment and the Principle of Proportionality

(28)

Note

(1)

Coker v. Georgia

(6)

Note

105

(1)

Ewing v. California

106

(10)

Ramirez v. Castro

116

(11)

Note

127

(1)

Equal Protection

127

(22)

Note

127

(1)

McCleskey v. Kemp

128

(12)

Justice Isn't Blind

140

(2)

Richard Morin

State v. Russell

142

(7)

Federalism and the Supremacy Clause

149

(9)

Note

149

(1)

Oregon v. Ashcroft

150

(4)

The Battle Over Medical Marijuana

154

(4)

Rich Ehisen

The Act Requirement

158

(49)

Introduction

158

(1)

Acting Versus Thinking: The Proscription Against Thought Crimes

159

(6)

Note

159

(1)

Jailed ``On The Precipice'' of Crime

159

(2)

Sandy Theis

Note

161

(1)

Wisconsin v. Mitchell

162

(3)

Acting On One's Own Versus Acting Under State Compulsion: ``Situational Offenses''

165

(1)

Martin v. State

165

(1)

Note

166

(1)

Acting Voluntarily Versus Acting Involuntarily: The Unconsciousness Defense

166

(10)

Note

166

(2)

State v. Decina

168

(5)

Interpretive Construction in the Substantive Criminal Law

173

(2)

Mark Kelman

Associated Press, Epileptic Convicted of Assault Cleared

175

(1)

Acting Versus Failing to Act: Liability for Omissions

176

(19)

Note

176

(1)

Establishing the Duty to Act

177

(1)

People v. Beardsley

177

(6)

Commonwealth v. Howard

183

(2)

Motherhood and Crime

185

(1)

Dorothy E. Roberts

Commonwealth v. Pestinikas

186

(5)

The ``No Duty to Rescue'' Rule and the Debate Over ``Good Samaritan'' Statutes

191

(1)

The Right to be Apathetic: Iverson Case Raises Questions About Good Samaritan Laws

191

(2)

Charles Ashby

Two Forms of Justice: Iverson Case - Nevada and California Authorities Ought to Reexamine David Cash's Actions

193

(1)

Isabelle R. Gunning

Sample Good Samaritan Statutes

194

(1)

Hawaii's Good Samaritan Statute

194

(1)

Vermont's Good Samaritan Statute

195

(1)

Acting Versus Having a Status: ``Status Crimes''

195

(12)

Note

195

(1)

Robinson v. California

196

(4)

Powell v. Texas

200

(7)

The Mens Rea Requirement

207

(66)

Introduction

207

(1)

The Historical Development of Mens Rea

208

(2)

Regina v. Cunningham

208

(2)

Problems of Statutory Interpretation

210

(14)

Note

210

(1)

United States v. Yermian

210

(5)

Holloway v. United States

215

(9)

Intent

224

(23)

Note

224

(1)

Inferring Intent from Circumstantial Evidence

224

(1)

State v. Fugate

225

(1)

Virginia v. Black

226

(10)

The Doctrine of ``Transferred Intent''

236

(1)

Note

236

(1)

People v. Scott

237

(5)

Note

242

(1)

The Specific Intent/ General Intent Distinction

242

(1)

Note

242

(1)

People v. Atkins

243

(4)

Note

247

(1)

Knowledge

247

(6)

Note

247

(1)

United States v. Jewell

248

(5)

Strict Liability Crimes

253

(20)

Note

253

(1)

Morissette v. United States

253

(6)

Commonwealth v. Barone

259

(14)

Mistake and Ignorance

273

(50)

Introduction

273

(1)

Mistakes of Fact

273

(9)

Note

273

(1)

People v. Navarro

274

(3)

Bell v. State

277

(5)

Note

282

(1)

Mistake of Law

282

(41)

Note

282

(1)

Official Interpretation of the Law (a.k.a. ``Entrapment by Estoppel'')

283

(1)

Note

283

(1)

People v. Marrero

283

(7)

Note

290

(1)

United States v. Clegg

291

(3)

State v. Fridley

294

(4)

Ignorance or Mistake That Negates the Mens Rea

298

(1)

Note

298

(1)

Cheek v. United States

298

(7)

Bryan v. United States

305

(9)

Fair Notice and Due Process (the Lambert Exception)

314

(1)

Lambert v. California

314

(3)

State v. Bryant

317

(6)

Causation and Concurrence

323

(22)

Causation

323

(17)

Note

323

(1)

Actual (or ``But For'') Causation

324

(1)

Note

324

(1)

Proximate Causation

324

(1)

Note

324

(1)

Commonwealth v. Rementer

325

(8)

State v. Govan

333

(2)

Henderson v. Kibbe

335

(5)

Concurrence

340

(5)

Note

340

(1)

Thabo Meli v. Reginam

340

(2)

State v. Rose

342

(3)

Criminal Homicide

345

(133)

Introduction

346

(1)

Definitional Issues

346

(2)

Note

346

(2)

Categorizing Homicides

348

(2)

Note

348

(2)

Degrees of Murder (First Degree vs. Second Degree Murder)

350

(21)

Note

350

(1)

State v. Brown

351

(7)

State v. Bingham

358

(5)

Note

363

(1)

Gilbert v. State

363

(5)

Note

368

(3)

The Doctrine of Provocation (Voluntary Manslaughter)

371

(37)

Note

371

(1)

The Early Common Law's Approach to Provocation

372

(1)

Note

372

(1)

People v. Ambro

373

(4)

Note

377

(1)

The Modern ``Reasonable Person'' Test

378

(1)

Note

378

(1)

People v. Berry

379

(4)

Heat of Passion and Wife Killing: Men Who Batter/Men Who Kill

383

(5)

Donna K. Coker

Provoked Reason in Men and Women: Heat-of-Passion Manslaughter and Imperfect Self-Defense

388

(2)

Laurie J. Taylor

Note

390

(1)

Who Is ``The Reasonable Person''?

391

(1)

Note

391

(2)

Homophobia in Manslaughter: The Homosexual Advance as Insufficient Provocation

393

(1)

Robert B. Mison

When ``Heterosexual'' Men Kill ``Homosexual'' Men: Reflections on Provocation Law, Sexual Advances, and the ``Reasonable Man'' Standard

394

(3)

Joshua Dressler

Commonwealth v. Carr

397

(2)

The Model Penal Code's Extreme Emotional Disturbance Test

399

(1)

Note

399

(1)

State v. Dumlao

400

(6)

Note

406

(2)

Maryland Criminal Law Code §2-207

408

(1)

Depraved Heart Murder

408

(12)

Note

408

(1)

Commonwealth v. Malone

409

(2)

State v. Davidson

411

(7)

Note

418

(2)

Involuntary Manslaughter

420

(11)

Note

420

(1)

Commonwealth v. Welansky

420

(4)

Note

424

(1)

State v. Williams

425

(4)

Note

429

(1)

Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978

429

(2)

The Felony Murder Rule

431

(44)

Note

431

(1)

People v. Stamp

432

(3)

Note

435

(1)

Inherently Dangerous Felony Limitation

436

(1)

People v. Patterson

436

(5)

Hines v. State

441

(3)

The Res Gestae Requirement

444

(1)

Note

444

(1)

People v. Bodely

445

(2)

King v. Commonwealth

447

(4)

The Merger Doctrine

451

(1)

People v. Smith

451

(7)

Third Party Killings: The Agency Rule

458

(1)

State v. Canola

458

(6)

Note

464

(1)

Should the Common Law Felony Murder Rule Be Abolished?

464

(1)

Note

464

(1)

People v. Aaron

465

(10)

The Misdemeanor Manslaughter Doctrine

475

(3)

Note

475

(1)

Todd v. State

475

(3)

Sexual Offenses

478

(146)

Introduction

478

(1)

Forcible Rape

479

(78)

Note

479

(2)

The Element of Force or Threat of Force

481

(1)

Note

481

(1)

Rusk v. State

481

(10)

Note

491

(1)

State v. Alston

492

(5)

Commonwealth v. Berkowitz

497

(10)

Note

507

(2)

State of New Jersey in the Interest of M.T.S

509

(8)

What Counts (or should count) as Consent?

517

(1)

Note

517

(2)

In re John Z

519

(9)

The Antioch College Sexual Offense Prevention Policy

528

(2)

Toward a Right of Sexual Autonomy?

530

(1)

The Feminist Challenge in Criminal Law

530

(3)

Stephen J. Schulhofer

Note

533

(1)

State v. Scherzer

534

(8)

Boro v. Superior Court

542

(4)

Note

546

(1)

Rape and Race

547

(1)

The Social Construction of a Rape Victim: Stories of African-American Males About the Rape of Desiree Washington

547

(6)

Kevin Brown

Patriarchal Stories I: Cultural Rape Narratives in the Courtroom

553

(4)

Andrew E. Taslitz

Statutory Rape

557

(21)

Garnett v. State

557

(7)

State v. Yanez

564

(10)

Statutory Rape Laws: Does it Make Sense to Enforce Them in an Increasingly Permissive Society? (essays by Michelle Oberman and Richard Delgado)

574

(4)

Sodomy

578

(29)

Bowers v. Hardwick

578

(9)

Note

587

(1)

Beyond the Privacy Principle

587

(2)

Kendall Thomas

Lawrence v. Texas

589

(13)

People v. Samuels

602

(5)

Prostitution

607

(17)

Note

607

(2)

In re P

609

(14)

Note

623

(1)

Theft Offenses

624

(94)

Introduction

624

(1)

Theft

625

(16)

Note

625

(1)

Larceny

625

(1)

Note

625

(2)

Larceny by Trick

627

(1)

Note

627

(1)

Embezzlement

628

(1)

Note

628

(3)

False Pretenses

631

(1)

Note

631

(2)

Consolidated Theft Statues

633

(1)

Note

633

(1)

Commonwealth v. Mills

633

(8)

Aggravated Theft

641

(19)

Burglary

641

(1)

United States v. Eichman

641

(4)

State v. Thibeault

645

(5)

Note

650

(1)

Robbery

651

(1)

Crocker v. State

651

(2)

Miller v. Superior Court

653

(7)

Note

660

(1)

Beyond Theft

660

(41)

Note

660

(2)

Mail Fraud and Intangible Rights

662

(1)

Note

662

(1)

United States v. Margiotta

663

(15)

Note

678

(3)

Federal Criminal Fraud and the Development of Intangible Property Rights in Information

681

(8)

Geraldine Szott Moohr

Computer Crimes

689

(1)

Note

689

(1)

State v. Schwartz

689

(8)

Cybercrime's Scope: Interpreting ``Access'' and ``Authorization'' in Computer Misuse Statutes

697

(4)

Orin S. Kerr

Crimes of Propertylessness

701

(17)

The Right of Property and the Law of Theft

701

(2)

Michael E. Tigar

Pottinger v. City of Miami

703

(14)

Note

717

(1)

Criminal Law Defenses

718

(196)

Introduction

718

(2)

Justification Defenses

720

(87)

Note

720

(1)

Self-Defense

720

(1)

Note

720

(1)

Culverson v. State

721

(5)

Note

726

(1)

People v. Goetz

727

(6)

Note

733

(1)

State v. Simon

733

(3)

Murder and the Reasonable Man: Passion and Fear in the Criminal Courtroom

736

(4)

Cynthia Lee

State v. Stewart

740

(11)

Note

751

(3)

Juries and Expert Evidence: Social Framework Testimony

754

(3)

Neil Vidmar

Regina A. Schuller

Note

757

(1)

State v. Wanrow

757

(4)

Imperfect Self-Defense

761

(1)

Note

761

(1)

Defense of Others

762

(1)

Note

762

(1)

People v. Young

762

(4)

Defense of Habitation

766

(1)

Note

766

(1)

People v. Brown

767

(6)

Defense of Property

773

(1)

Note

773

(1)

People v. Ceballos

773

(5)

Killer of Thief Wins Wide Support

778

(1)

Jeffrey Bair

Note

779

(1)

People v. Quesada

780

(3)

Note

783

(1)

Necessity

784

(1)

Note

784

(2)

United States v. Schoon

786

(5)

Commonwealth v. Hutchins

791

(6)

United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative

797

(5)

In re Eichorn

802

(5)

Note

807

(1)

Excuse Defenses

807

(71)

Note

807

(1)

Duress

808

(1)

Note

808

(1)

United States v. Contento-Pachon

809

(6)

State v. Hunter

815

(4)

Note

819

(1)

Insanity

820

(1)

Note

820

(2)

United States v. Freeman

822

(13)

State v. Crenshaw

835

(11)

Diminished Capacity

846

(1)

Note

846

(2)

Infancy

848

(1)

In re Devon T

848

(6)

Intoxication

854

(1)

Note

854

(1)

People v. Register

855

(8)

Montana v. Egelhoff

863

(11)

Commonwealth v. Smith

874

(4)

Other Defense Theories

878

(36)

Black Rage

878

(1)

Black Rage Confronts the Law

878

(5)

Paul Harris

Note

883

(1)

The ``Cultural Defense''

884

(1)

People v. Aphaylath

884

(1)

Cultural Evidence and Male Violence: Are Feminist and Multiculturalist Reformers on a Collision Course in Criminal Courts?

885

(4)

Holly Maguigan

(Mis)identifying Culture: Asian Women and the ``Cultural Defense''

889

(6)

Leti Volpp

Individualizing Justice Through Multiculturalism: The Liberals' Dilemma

895

(4)

Doriane Lambelet Coleman

Brainwashing

899

(1)

Ascription of Criminal States of Mind: Toward a Defense Theory for the Coercively Persuaded (``Brainwashed'') Defendant

899

(4)

Richard Delgado

Professor Delgado's ``Brainwashing'' Defense: Courting a Determinist Legal System

903

(4)

Joshua Dressler

Rotten Social Background

907

(1)

``Rotten Social Background'': Should the Criminal Law Recognize a Defense of Severe Environmental Deprivation?

907

(7)

Richard Delgado

Attempts

914

(31)

Introduction

914

(1)

The Actus Reus Requirement

915

(13)

People v. Rizzo

915

(2)

People v. Staples

917

(3)

State v. LaTraverse

920

(8)

The Mens Rea Requirement

928

(7)

People v. Harris

928

(3)

State v. Hinkhouse

931

(4)

The Defense of Impossibility

935

(10)

United States v. Thomas

935

(10)

Accomplice Liability (Complicity)

945

(16)

Introduction

945

(1)

Pace v. State

946

(3)

State v. Parker

949

(4)

Wilson v. People

953

(5)

Brewer v. State

958

(3)

Conspiracy

961

(84)

Introduction

961

(2)

The Agreement

963

(7)

State v. Pacheco

963

(7)

The Pinkerton Rule

970

(6)

Note

970

(1)

United States v. Mothershill

971

(5)

The Mens Rea of Conspiracy

976

(20)

Note

976

(1)

People v. Swain

976

(5)

People v. Lauria

981

(8)

United States v. Lanza

989

(5)

Note

994

(2)

The Shape and Boundaries of Conspiracies

996

(7)

Kotteakos v. United States

996

(6)

United States v. Bruno

1002

(1)

Special Defenses to Conspiracy: Withdrawal and Impossibility

1003

(11)

United States v. Read

1003

(8)

United States v. Recio

1011

(3)

Conspiracy and the Dangers of Collective Action

1014

(10)

Note

1014

(1)

Conspiracy Theory

1015

(8)

Neal Katyal

Note

1023

(1)

Conspiracy and Constitutional Values

1024

(21)

Dennis v. United States

1024

(11)

United States v. Rahman

1035

(5)

Note

1040

(5)

Corporate Criminal Liability

1045

(25)

Introduction

1045

(1)

Conceptual Issues in Corporate Criminal Responsibility

1045

(20)

State v. Chapman Dodge Center, Inc

1045

(9)

Corporate Ethos: A Standard for Imposing Corporate Criminal Liability

1054

(11)

Pamela H. Bucy

Practical Issues in Corporate Criminal Responsibility

1065

(5)

To Let the Punishment Fit the Organization: Sanctioning Corporate Offenders Through Corporate Probation

1065

(5)

Richard Gruner

Culture and Crime

1070

(98)

Introduction

1070

(2)

Crime as a Cultural Practice

1072

(11)

Criminal Law, Criminology, and the Small World of Legal Scholars

1072

(3)

Robert Weisberg

``The Black Community,'' Its Lawbreakers, and a Politics of Identification

1075

(4)

Regina Austin

Gender Violence, Race, and Criminal Justice

1079

(4)

Angela P. Harris

Punishment as a Cultural Practice

1083

(26)

Crime, Punishment, and Culture: A Humanities Perspective

1083

(1)

Making Sense of What We Do: The Criminal Law as a System of Meaning

1083

(3)

James Boyd White

Crime, Punishment, and Culture: A Social Science Perspective

1086

(1)

Updating the Study of Punishment

1086

(9)

Tracey L. Meares

Neal Katyal

Dan M. Kahan

Note

1095

(1)

Reflecting on the Subject: A Critique of the Social Influence Conception of Deterrence, The Broken Windows Theory, and Order-Maintenance Policing New York Style

1096

(5)

Bernard E. Harcourt

The State, Criminal Law, and Racial Discrimination: A Comment

1101

(3)

Randall Kennedy

Drugs: It's a Question of Connections

1104

(5)

Tracey L. Meares

Legal Culture and the Administration of Criminal Justice

1109

(30)

Note

1109

(1)

Notes From the Front: A Dissident Law-Enforcement Perspective on Drug Prohibition

1110

(12)

John T. Schuler

Arthur McBride

The Agony of Ecstasy: Reconsidering the Punitive Approach to United States Drug Policy

1122

(5)

Amanda Kay

Policing Possession: The War on Crime and the End of Criminal Law

1127

(3)

Markus Dirk Dubbber

Principled Enforcement of Penal Codes

1130

(9)

Erik Luna

Culture in the Courtroom

1139

(13)

A Justification of the Cultural Defense as Partial Excuse

1139

(8)

Alison Dundes Renteln

On Culture, Difference, and Domestic Violence

1147

(5)

Leti Volpp

Changing the Culture of Criminal Punishment

1152

(16)

A Future Where Punishment Is Marginalized: Realistic or Utopian?

1152

(3)

John Braithwaite

Note

1155

(2)

Book Review Essay: Judging in a Therapeutic Key: Therapeutic Jurisprudence and the Courts

1157

(8)

Charity Scott

Note

1165

(3)

Appendix: Model Penal Code

1168

(62)

Index

1230

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Criminal Law: Cases And Materials

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials