The Crusader States and their Neighbours:

Taking a new approach to a much discussed subject, this booklooks at the involvement of the Crusader States in local politics and the management of violent relations with both their Muslim neighbours and the Christian Orthodox Byzantine Empire. It will have a strong readership - the Crusades are one of the most heavily studied of medieval subjects They also have a devoted general readership amongst the public at large Holt is a specialist who can do justice to the sources, and is also well-versed in writing for a serious but non-specialist readership

P.M. Holt was formerly Professor of the History of the Near and Middle East at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. His previous publications include The Age of the Crusades and the Memoirs of a Syrian Prince.

Note on Transliteration

vii

Introduction

1

(1)

The geography of the region

1

(2)

The historical background

3

(3)

The Turkish phenomenon

6

(6)

The First Crusade and Its Impact

12

(17)

The First Crusade: territorial and demographic effects

12

(4)

Muslim views of the First Crusade

16

(3)

The impact of the First Crusade on the Byzantine Empire

19

(4)

The impact of the First Crusade on the Armenians

23

(3)

Technical and cultural interchange

26

(3)

Politics and Warfare: 1097--1119

29

(16)

Antioch and its Muslim neighbours: 1100--19

29

(3)

Antioch and Byzantium to 1119

32

(2)

Jerusalem and its Muslim neighbours to 1119

34

(6)

Frankish and Muslim military and naval forces

40

(5)

From the Field of Blood to the Second Crusade: 1119--49

45

(14)

The Byzantine factor

46

(3)

The career of Zangi and the fall of Edessa: 1119--44

49

(6)

The sequel to the fall of Edessa: the Second Crusade

55

(4)

Nur Al-Din, Saladin and the Frankish States

59

(20)

The reign of Nur al-Din and the acquisition of Damascus

59

(6)

The contest for Egypt

65

(3)

The extension of Saladin's power: 1169--86

68

(7)

Hattin and the Third Crusade

75

(4)

The Frankish States and the Later Ayyubids

79

(9)

The Ayyubid realm and the Latin kingdom

79

(1)

The Fifth Crusade: 1217--21

80

(1)

The Crusade of Frederick II: 1228--9

81

(2)

The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall: 1239--41

83

(1)

The Crusade of St Louis of France: 1248--50

84

(2)

The aftermath

86

(2)

The Frankish States and the Early Mamluk Sultans

88

(5)

The extension of Mamluk rule to Syria

88

(1)

The sultanate of Baybars

89

(2)

The sultanate of Qalawun

91

(2)

Conclusion

93

(2)

Bibliography

95

(2)

Index of Persons

97

(3)

Index of Places

100

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The Crusader States and their Neighbours: 1098-1291

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials