Culture Wars: Secular-Catholic Conflict in

Twelve essays from a team of European experts examine the struggle that broke out between secular and religious forces in late nineteenth-century Europe. They highlight the role of trans-national forces and their interaction with local conditions. This collection combines an account of the impact of secular-religious strife, at the level of high politics, with case studies that elucidate the meaning of culture war for specific regions and communities.

List of illustrations

vii

List of contributors

viii

Introduction: The European culture wars

1

(10)

Christopher Clark and Wolfram Kaiser

1 The New Catholicism and the European culture wars

11

(36)

Christopher Clark

2 'Clericalism - that is our enemy!': European anticlericalism and the culture wars

47

(30)

Wolfram Kaiser

3 'Priest hits girl': on the front line in the 'war of the two Frances'

77

(25)

James McMillan

4 The battle for monasteries, cemeteries and schools: Belgium

102

(27)

Els Witte

5 Contested rituals and the battle for public space: the Netherlands

129

(23)

Peter Jan Margry and Henk te Velde

6 Nonconformity, clericalism and 'Englishness': the United Kingdom

152

(29)

J.P. Parry

7 The assault on the city of the Levites: Spain

181

(21)

Julio de la Cueva

8 Roma o morte: culture wars in Italy

202

(25)

Martin Papenheim

9 Enemies at the gate: the Moabit Klostersturm and the Kulturkampf: Germany

227

(28)

Manuel Borutta

10 Village quarrels and national controversies: Switzerland

255

(30)

Heidi Bossard-Borner

11 The Counter-Reformations last stand: Austria

285

(28)

Laurence Cole

12 The uncivil origins of civil marriage: Hungary

313

(23)

Robert Nemes

Annotated bibliography

336

(30)

Index

366

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Culture Wars: Secular-Catholic Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Europe

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials