The Customs Union Issue

Jacob Viner's The Customs Union Issue was originally published in 1950 by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. It set the framework for the contemporary debate over the benefits or otherwise of preferential trading agreements such as the European Union, NAFTA, and APEC. Viner developed the concepts of trade creation and diversion in this work as he pioneered the analysis of the global politics of trade agreements. This revival of Viner's classic work includes an introduction that places this book in the context of his own intellectual development and the economic and political situation of the post-WWII world. The introduction also traces the reception of Viner's work and discusses its continuing relevance for international economists, political scientists, and historians.

Acknowledgements
Preface by Gene Grossman
Foreword by George A. Finch
Introduction by Paul Oslington

I. Introduction
II. The Compatibility of Customs Union with the Most-Favored-Nation Principle
1. The Criteria of a "Customs Union"
2. Diplomatic Controversies Arising out of Most-Favored-Nation obligations of Members of Customs Unions
3. The Most-Favored-Nation Principle Not a Serious Barrier to Customs Unions
III. Exemption from Most-Favored-Nation Obligations of Preferential Arrangements other than Customs Union
1. Imperial Preference
2. Regional Agreements
3. Plurilateral Agreements
IV. The Economics of Customs Unions
1. Customs Union as an Approach to Free Trade
2. Customs Union and the "Terms of Trade"
3. Administrative Economies of Customs Union
4. Revenue Duties
5. The "Level" of the Customs Union Tariff
6. Increased Tariff Protection as the Major Economic Objective of Customs Unions
7. Cartels in Relation to Customs Unions
8. The Allocation of Customs Revenues
V. Political Aspects of Customs Unions
1. The Location of Administrative Authority in Customs Unions
2. Customs Union and Neutrality Obligations
3. Customs Union and Political Unification
4. The Austro-German Treaty of 1918
VI. The Havana Charter and Customs Union
1. The Most-Favored-Nation Principle
2. Exemptions from Most-Favored-Nation Obligations of Customs Unions, Free-Trade Areas, and Interim Agreements
3. Exemptions from Most-Favored-Nation Obligations of Agreements in the Interest of Economic Development, Including Regional Agreements
4. Relations with Non-Members
5. Significance of the Havana Charter for the Customs Union Question
VII. Prospects for Customs Unions
1. Customs Unions Now in Operation or in Active Process of Negotiation
2. Customs Union in Western Europe
3. Obstacles to the Formation of Customs Unions

Bibliography
Index