The Deadly Ethnic Riot

Donald Horowitz defines a deadly ethnic riot as "an intense, though not necessarily unplanned, lethal attack by members of one ethnic group on civilian members of another ethnic group." The book draws examples from all over the world and rigorously analyzes this brutal phenomenon.

Donald L. Horowitz is James B. Duke Professor of Law and Political Science at Duke University

Preface

xiii

A Note on Place Names

xvii

Say It with Murder

1

(42)

The Morphology and Dynamics of Violence

2

(7)

The Riot as Cause, Effect, and Process

9

(8)

The Forms of Ascriptive Violence

17

(11)

Deploying the Data

28

(6)

The State of Violence Theory

34

(9)

Ethnic Boundaries, Riot Boundaries

43

(28)

Cognitive and Strategic Bases of Ethnicity

43

(13)

The Ontology of the Riot

56

(13)

Composing the Decomposable

69

(2)

The Riot Episode

71

(53)

The Rhythm of the Riot

71

(3)

Before the Riot: The Critical Role of Rumor

74

(15)

Before the Riot: The Lull

89

(5)

Preparing for War, Conquering Fear

94

(15)

The Atrocity-Killing

109

(15)

Selective Targeting

124

(27)

Precision in Targeting

124

(4)

The Aversion to False Positives

128

(3)

Target Selection: The Starting Points

131

(4)

Strong or Weak Targets? The Question of Displaced Aggression

135

(13)

Beyond Displacement: Strong Targets, Weak Moments

148

(3)

Target-Group Characteristics

151

(43)

Reputation for Aggression

151

(4)

Traditional Antagonism

155

(7)

Opposition in War

162

(3)

Political Threat

165

(7)

External Affinities Augmenting Internal Strength

172

(6)

Psychological Strength

178

(9)

Antipathy, Similarity, and Difference

187

(7)

An Economy of Antipathy: Target Selection and the Imperatives of Violence

194

(30)

The Source of the Precipitant and the Choice of Target

197

(7)

Riot Leadership and Target Choice

204

(16)

Riot Location and Target Choice

220

(2)

Targeting: Reflections and Distortions

222

(2)

Organizers and Participants

224

(44)

Indicators of Organization

227

(2)

Organizers

229

(24)

The Dubious Advantage of Strong Organization

253

(1)

The Power of Loose Organization

254

(4)

The Legions of Violence

258

(8)

The Deadly Riot as a Pickup Game

266

(2)

The Occasions for Violence

268

(58)

Flashpoints: The Events That Precipitate Riots

269

(3)

A Parade of Processions

272

(18)

Strikes with Ethnic Overtones

290

(5)

Divisive Elections

295

(13)

Official or Unofficial Alterations of Relative Ethnic Status

308

(9)

The Character of Precipitating Events

317

(6)

Precipitant-free Riots

323

(3)

The Social Environment for Killing

326

(48)

Interregna

331

(3)

The Decline of Multiethnic Parties and Coalitions

334

(3)

Fluctuations in Policy

337

(6)

Authoritative Tolerance, Acquiescence, or Condonation

343

(9)

Biased or Ineffective Instruments of Public Order

352

(7)

Inhibition and Disinhibition

359

(7)

Absence of Remorse: The Moral Mass Murder

366

(8)

Location, Diffusion, and Recurrence

374

(49)

Location: Differentials in the Fundamentals

376

(5)

Propinquity and Urban Bias

381

(3)

Site Selection and Risk Aversion

384

(11)

The Diffusion of Violence

395

(12)

Recidivist Locations

407

(4)

Recurrent Riots

411

(12)

Aims, Effects, and Functions

423

(44)

Narrow Aims, Broad Effects

425

(5)

Degradation

430

(3)

Homogenization

433

(10)

Polarization

443

(3)

Civil and Secessionist Warfare

446

(7)

Contingent Effects

453

(5)

The Putative Functions of Violence

458

(9)

Violence and Quiescence

467

(55)

Proof Positive and Proof Negative: The Problem of Variance

468

(3)

Theories of Quiescence from the Larger Research Cycle

471

(6)

Near-Miss Strategies

477

(2)

Alternatives to Riots: Lynching and Burning

479

(3)

Alternatives to Riots: Ethnic Terrorism

482

(3)

Mild Riots and Near-Riots

485

(10)

Ethnic Fights

495

(2)

Changes over Time: Nonrecurring Riots

497

(12)

Non-Riots

509

(3)

The Hunt for the Missing Variables

512

(1)

Paths to Prevention

513

(9)

The Calculus of Passion

522

(45)

Convening the Killing Crowd: A Causal Account

523

(22)

Strategic and Rationalist Approaches to Ethnic Violence

545

(10)

Reason and Passion: Hypervigilance, Circumspection, and Being of More Than One Mind

555

(5)

The Decline of the Deadly Ethnic Riot in the West

560

(7)

Index

567

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The Deadly Ethnic Riot

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials