Developing Business Systems With Corba

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ISBN: 9780521646505 | 0521646502
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 4/1/1998

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Building Distributed Object-Oriented Business Systems Using CORBA guides developers, programmers, and software managers through the development of object-oriented, distributed business systems using CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture). CORBA allows vendors to provide compatible components for the implementation of distributed systems in heterogeneous environments involving multiple operating systems and programming languages. The authors use their experience as developers, trainers and mentors to provide a solid understanding of CORBA technology by examining a realistic example system. They introduce concepts and terminology and lead up to a strategic architecture for distributed objects computing. They present CORBA in detail while introducing the reader to project management issues and the requirements for a business objects facility to integrate CORBA components and provide an abstraction for application development. Later chapters explore design issues, programming, and incorporating product features. The accompanying CD-ROM contains a demonstration application and a copy of the Enterprise Business Objects Facility (EBOF) developed at EDS.

Legal Notice

xvi

(1)

About the Authors

xvii

(2)

Foreword

xix

(2)

Preface

xxi

(3)

Acknowledgments

xxiv

(1)

Introduction

xxv

PART 1 CONCEPTS AND METHODS

(96)

Chapter 1 Introduction to Distributed-Objects Technology

(20)

1.1 Basic Concepts

(3)

1.1.1 Objects and Classes

(1)

1.1.2 Encapsulation

(1)

1.1.3 Inheritance

(2)

1.1.4 Polymorphism

(1)

1.2 Other Object Concepts

(2)

1.2.1 Interface Specifications

(1)

1.2.2 Object Granularity

(1)

1.2.3 Business Objects

(1)

1.3 A Conceptual Model

(2)

1.3.1 Aspects

(1)

1.3.2 Operations

(1)

1.3.3 Architectural Implications

(1)

1.4 Databases

(3)

1.4.1 Data-Storage Structures

(1)

1.4.2 Transparency of Persistence

(1)

1.4.3 Concurrency

(1)

1.5 Distributed-Object Systems

(2)

1.6 Implementation Issues

(6)

1.6.1 Garbage Collection

(1)

1.6.2 Life Cycle Services

(1)

1.6.3 Naming Service

(1)

1.6.4 Change Notification

(1)

1.6.5 Concurrent Transaction Management

(1)

1.6.6 Query

(1)

1.6.7 Object Relationships

(1)

1.6.8 Exception Handling

(1)

1.7 Summary

(1)

Chapter 2 Distributed-Objects Strategy

(20)

2.1 Background

(2)

2.2 Object-Oriented Client-Server Applications

(1)

2.3 Lessons from the Three-Tiered Architecture

(2)

2.3.1 The User-Interface Layer

(1)

2.3.2 The Business-Objects Layer

(1)

2.3.3 The Persistent-Storage Layer

(1)

2.4 Views

(1)

2.5 Integration of Artificial Intelligence

(1)

2.6 The Enterprise Computing Model

(7)

2.6.1 The Enterprise Layer

(1)

2.6.2 The Application Layer

(1)

2.6.3 The User-Interface Layer

(1)

2.6.4 The Agents Layer

(1)

2.6.5 Views and Adaptors

(2)

2.7 An Architecture for Current Applications

(4)

2.7.1 Separation of Layers

(1)

2.7.2 Business-Objects Encapsulation

(1)

2.7.3 Persistence and Queries

(1)

2.7.4 Transactions and Concurrency

(1)

2.7.5 Life Cycle Services

(1)

2.7.6 Naming Service

(1)

2.7.7 Enterprise Modeling

(1)

2.8 Summary

(1)

References

(1)

Web Sites

(1)

Chapter 3 CORBA-An Overview

(26)

3.1 The CORBA Object Model

(1)

3.2 The Object Request Broker

(5)

3.2.1 Interface Definition Language

(1)

3.2.2 ORB Structure

(2)

3.2.3 Language Bindings

(1)

3.2.4 Inter-ORB Protocol

(1)

3.3 Object Services

(9)

3.3.1 Event-Notification Service

(1)

3.3.2 Life Cycle Services

(1)

3.3.3 Name Service

(1)

3.3.4 Persistent-Object Service

(1)

3.3.5 Concurrency Control Service

(1)

3.3.6 Externalization Service

(1)

3.3.7 Relationships Service

(2)

3.3.8 Transaction Service

(1)

3.3.9 Security Service

(1)

3.3.10 Time Service

(1)

3.3.11 Licensing Service

(1)

3.3.12 Properties Service

(1)

3.3.13 Query Service

(1)

3.3.14 Change Management

(1)

3.3.15 Collections

(1)

3.3.16 Trader Service

(1)

3.4 Common Facilities

(6)

3.4.1 User Interface Common Facilities

(2)

3.4.2 Information Management Common Facilities

(2)

3.4.3 System Management Common Facilities

(1)

3.4.4 Task Management Common Facilities

(1)

3.5 The Business Objects Facility

(1)

3.6 Summary

(2)

Chapter 4 Planning and Managing Development Projects

(28)

4.1 Modeling

(6)

4.1.1 Business-Process Modeling

(1)

4.1.2 Objects Modeling

(4)

4.1.3 User-Interface Design

(1)

4.2 Sharing Objects

(4)

4.2.1 Basic Requirements

(1)

4.2.2 Organizational Implications

(2)

4.2.3 Legacy Integration

(1)

4.3 Tools and Components

(3)

4.3.1 Analysis and Design Tools

(1)

4.3.2 User-Interface Tools

(1)

4.3.3 Language and Programming Environment

(1)

4.3.4 Class Libraries

(1)

4.3.5 Configuration Management

(1)

4.3.6 Database Tools

(1)

4.3.7. Distributed Objects Supporting Software

(1)

4.4 System Architecture

(4)

4.5 Development Process

(8)

4.5.1 Iterative Development

(1)

4.5.2 Stages of Development

(2)

4.5.3 Change Control

(1)

4.5.4 Team Organization

(1)

4.5.5 Verification and Validation

(1)

4.5.6 Documentation

(2)

4.6 Summary

(1)

References

(1)

PART 2 ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN, AND PROGRAMMING

(100)

Chapter 5 The Business Objects Facility

(38)

5.1 Basic BOF Requirements

101

(13)

5.1.1 Application Context

101

(1)

5.1.2 Business-Objects Abstraction

102

(7)

5.1.3 Support Services

109

(5)

5.2 The Business Objects Facility

114

(19)

5.2.1 Business-Objects Representation

116

(2)

5.2.2 Object Sharing

118

(4)

5.2.3 Life Cycle Services

122

(2)

5.2.4 Relationship Service

124

(2)

5.2.5 Name Service

126

(1)

5.2.6 Persistence

127

(4)

5.2.7 Change Notification

131

(2)

5.3 Application of the BOF

133

(4)

5.3.1 The Three-Tiered Architecture

134

(1)

5.3.2 The Enterprise Architecture

134

(3)

Chapter 6 Design Issues

137

(32)

6.1 Active Object Sharing

138

(4)

6.1.1 Data Passing

138

(1)

6.1.2 Multi-user Objects

139

(1)

6.1.3 Client-Side Caching

140

(1)

6.1.4 Sharing Granularity

140

(2)

6.2 Partitioning

142

(4)

6.2.1 Source-Code Modules

143

(1)

6.2.2 Compiled Modules

143

(1)

6.2.3 Address Spaces

144

(1)

6.2.4 Computer Configurations

145

(1)

6.2.5 Tightly Coupled Objects

145

(1)

6.3 Object Interface Design

146

(5)

6.3.1 Legacy-System Interfaces

146

(2)

6.3.2 Polymorphism

148

(2)

6.3.3 Exceptions

150

(1)

6.4 Transaction Scope

151

(3)

6.4.1 Transaction Duration

151

(1)

6.4.2 Risk of Lost Work

152

(1)

6.4.3 Local Work Products

153

(1)

6.5 System Integrity

154

(4)

6.5.1 Data Entry Edits

154

(1)

6.5.2 Relationships

155

(1)

6.5.3 Business Rules

156

(1)

6.5.4 Access Security

156

(2)

6.6 Internationalization

158

(1)

6.7 Intelligent Elementary Values

158

(1)

6.8 Database Interface

159

(2)

6.8.1 Retrieval Performance

159

(1)

6.8.2 Lock Management

160

(1)

6.8.3 Distributed Database Commit

160

(1)

6.8.4 Object Mobility

161

(1)

6.9 Performance

161

(4)

6.9.1 Workload Distribution

161

(2)

6.9.2 Query Optimization

163

(2)

6.10 Reliability

165

(2)

6.10.1 Failure Containment

165

(1)

6.10.2 Recovery

166

(1)

6.10.3 Change Management

166

(1)

6.11 Summary

167

(1)

References

167

(2)

Chapter 7 Programming CORBA Objects

169

(28)

7.1 Object References

170

(7)

7.1.1 Proxy References

171

(2)

7.1.2 Identity Checks

173

(1)

7.1.3 Typecasting

173

(2)

7.1.4 Null Pointers

175

(1)

7.1.5 Dangling References

176

(1)

7.2 Message Sending

177

(1)

7.2.1 Arguments and Return Values

177

(1)

7.2.2 Exceptions and Timeouts

178

(1)

7.3 Interface Definition

178

(4)

7.3.1 Overloading

178

(1)

7.3.2 Inheritance

179

(1)

7.3.3 Abstract Interfaces

179

(1)

7.3.4 Organizing IDL Code

180

(2)

7.4 Object Implementation

182

(5)

7.4.1 Implementation Hierarchy

182

(1)

7.4.2 Interface Functionality

183

(2)

7.4.3 Attributes

185

(1)

7.4.4 Relationships

186

(1)

7.4.5 Object Creation

187

(5)

7.5 Contexts

187

(5)

7.5.1 Context Structure

188

(1)

7.5.2 Context Hierarchy

189

(1)

7.5.3 Adding Properties

189

(1)

7.5.4 Default Context

190

(2)

7.6 Other Related Components

192

(1)

7.6.1 Strings

192

(1)

7.6.2 Sequences and Arrays

192

(1)

7.6.3 Pseudo Objects

193

(1)

7.7 Business Objects Facility Implications

193

(2)

7.8 Summary

195

(2)

PART 3 TOOLS AND VENDOR COMPONENTS

197

(36)

Chapter 8 The Orbix Object Request Broker

199

(24)

8.1 Selection Criteria

200

(2)

8.1.1 Ease of Use

200

(1)

8.1.2 Performance and Resource Requirements

200

(1)

8.1.3 Compliance with Standard

201

(1)

8.1.4 Integration with Desktop Applications

201

(1)

8.1.5 Platforms and Language Bindings

201

(1)

8.1.6 Orbix Assessments Summary

202

(1)

8.2 Orbix Implementation

202

(4)

8.2.1 The Interoperation Mechanism

202

(1)

8.2.2 IDL Compiler

203

(1)

8.2.3 Implementation Repository

204

(1)

8.2.4 Interface Repository

204

(1)

8.2.5 The Orbix Daemon Process

205

(1)

8.2.6 ORB Initialization

205

(1)

8.3 COM/OLE Interface

206

(1)

8.4 Orbix Extensions

207

(7)

8.4.1 Stream-Based Interface to DII

207

(1)

8.4.2 Activation Modes

208

(1)

8.4.3 Smart Proxies

209

(1)

8.4.4 Collocation of Client and Server

210

(1)

8.4.5 Filters

210

(2)

8.4.6 Loaders

212

(1)

8.4.7 Locators

212

(1)

8.4.8 Interface to the Orbix Daemon

213

(1)

8.4.9 Orbix Communications Protocol

214

(1)

8.5 Building an Orbix Application

214

(7)

8.5.1 Defining the Interface

214

(1)

8.5.2 Object Implementations

215

(2)

8.5.3 The Server Main Program

217

(1)

8.5.4 The Client

218

(1)

8.5.5 Installing a Server

219

(2)

8.6 Summary

221

(2)

Chapter 9 Application Component Libraries

223

(10)

9.1 Simple Data Types

223

(1)

9.2 Collections

224

(2)

9.2.1 Collection Classes

224

(1)

9.2.2 Template-Based Classes

225

(1)

9.3 Streams

226

(2)

9.4 Database Access

228

(3)

9.4.1 Basic Features

228

(2)

9.4.2 DBTools. h++ Architecture

230

(1)

9.5 Summary

231

(2)

Appendix A Running the Business Objects Facility

233

(4)

Appendix B Reliable Financial Services Business Application

237

(8)

Appendix C License

245

(10)

Index

255

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Developing Business Systems With Corba

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials