Diagenesis, III

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ISBN: 9780444885166 | 0444885161
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/1/1992

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The present volume is an intellectual agglomeration covering a variety of topics in diagenesis. It starts with the diagenesis of marine pore waters and soft-sediment deformations, followed by two chapters on sandstones - one on climatic influence in terrestrial sandstone diagenesis and the other on the deep-sea volcaniclastic sandstones. Diagenesis of carbonates is treated next, with one chapter on compactional diagenesis and another devoted to a case study (Aymestry Limestone Beds, UK). There are two chapters on the origin and migration of oil: (a) maturation of organic matter, and (b) relation of diagenesis to mineralization and hydrocarbon reservoir development, followed by a chapter on sedimentary ore genesis - banded iron-formation. In conclusion there are two chapters on paleosols. This book will be of interest to geologists, geochemists and petroleum engineers.

From Marine Interstitial Fluids to Paleosols - A Review
Early Diagenesis and Marine Pore Water
Introduction
Early diagenetic processes
Organic carbon, diagenesis and related impact on pore-water chemistry
Oxygen consumption
Nitrate consumption (denitrification)
Manganese and iron oxide reduction
Sulphate reduction
Methane production
Production of carbon dioxide and alkalinity
Production of dissolved phosphate and silica
Diagenetic equations
Introductory remarks
Porosity
Concentrations
Steady state
Advection
Diffusion
Coupled fluxes and ion-pairs
Enhanced mass transport across the sediment - water interface
The reaction term: production or consumption
Examples of modeling of early diagenetic processes
General oxidant consumption and redox potential
O 2 consumption
Nitrification and denitrification
Manganese oxide reduction
Sulphate reduction
Methane production
Production of carbon dioxide and alkalinity
Production of dissolved phosphate and silica
Acknowledgements
List of symbols
References
The Recognition of Soft-Sediment Deformation as Early-Diagenetic Features - A Literature Review
Introduction
Studies on early-diagenetic deformations
The period before l1950
The early age of sedimentology
The 1960-1970 period: emphasis on environmental analysis 1970-1980: basin analysis and palaeogeographic reconstructions
The post-1980 period
Acknowledgements
References
Climate Influence on Diagenesis of Fluvial Sandstones
Introduction
Climate control on ground water chemistry and soil mineralogy
Climate control on detrital mineralogy of fluvial sand
Climate control on early diagenesis Early diagenetic mineral assemblage and climate
Climate control on deep burial diagenesis
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Diagenesis of Deep-Sea Volcaniclastic Sandstones
Introduction
Distribution of deep-sea sandstones and tectonic setting
Diagenesis of back-arc basin sandstones
Diagenesis of fore-arc basin sandstones
Comparison between back-arc and fore-arc basin sandstone diagenesis
Conclusions
References
A Volume and Mass Approach to Carbonate Diagenesis: The Role of Compaction and Cementation
Introduction
Some basic considerations of compaction in calcareous rocks
Application of the carbonate compaction equation
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Diagenetic History of the Aymestry Limestone Beds (High Gorstian Stage), Ludlow Series, Welsh Borderland, U.K.
Introduction
Stratigraphic framework
Lithological characteristics
Petrography
Microfacies
Diagenesis
Petrography of the cements in Aymestry Limestone
Cement assemblages
Incipient dolomitization
Cementation sequence: summary
Post-diagenetic fabric in very fine-grained clastics
Silification
Acknowledgements
References
Geochemical and Isotopic Constraints on Silica and Carbonate Diagenesis in the Miocene Monterey Formation, Santa Maria and Ventura Basins, California
Introduction
Paleoceanography
Depositional history
Miocene climatic and tectonic events
Monterey Formation lithofacies
Siliceous sediment diagenesis in the Monterey Formation
Secondary carbonates in the Monterey Formation
Experimental and oceanographic observations
Geochemistry of Monterey Formation carbonates and siliceous sediments
Response of the Rb/Sr system to diagenesis
Acknowledgements
References
Maturation of Organic Matter as Revealed by Microscopic Methods: Applications and Limitations of Vitrinite Reflectance, and Continuous Spectral and Pulsed Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Introduction
Vitrinite reflectance
Other maturation parameters
Fluorescence microscopy
Continuous spectral fluorescence
Pulsed laser fluorescence
Correlation of maturation parameters
Summary and conclusions
Acknowledgements
Glossary
Fluorescence colors of various macerals at two maturation stages
References
Diagenesis and Its Relation to Mineralization and Hydrocarbon Reservoir Development: Gulf Coast and North Sea Basins
Introduction
Deep fluid sources in basinal settings
Long-duration diapiric uplifts
Short-duration diapiric uplifts
Porosity preservation
Diagenetic reactions in the Gulf Coast and North Sea basins
Integrated hydrothermal model
Application of an integrated model to a North Sea cap rock
Identification of hydrocarbons on halokinetically formed traps
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Precambrian Iron-Formations: Nature, Origin, and Mineralogic Evolution from Sedimentation to Metamorphism
Introduction
Background review
Origin of iron-formation
Sources of iron and silica
Mineralogic evolution of iron-formation
Epilogue
References
Paleosol Recognition: A Guide to Early Diagenesis in Terrestrial Settings
Introduction
Paleosols
Paleopedogenesis - the norm or the exception
Criteria for recognizing paleosols
Paleosol diagenesis
Shallow phreatic diagenesis
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Silica-Cemented Paleosols (Ganisters) in the Pennsylvanian Waddens Cove Formation, Nova Scotia, Canada
Introduction
Geological setting
Ganisters
Ganister petrography and geochemistry
Origin of ganister-bearing paleosols
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Subject Index
Erratum
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Diagenesis, III

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