Diagnostic Bacteriology: A Study Guide

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ISBN: 9780803603011 | 0803603010
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 9/1/1999

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Organized in a concise, simplified manner using an outline format to organize the material, this text emphasizes the role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in diagnosing and treating diseases. Bacteria (e.g., gram-positive, anaerobic, etc.) and laboratory procedures (e.g., antimicrobial agents and susceptibility tests) are clustered in seven unique sections. Chapter study questions and a 100-question comprehensive exam are included.

Section I Introduction

(48)

Introduction to Diagnostic Bacteriology

(16)

Overview

(1)

Bacterial Morphology and Gram Stain Reaction

(4)

Media

(1)

Streak Plate Technique

(1)

Incubation Conditions

(1)

Hemolysis

(1)

Human-Microbe Interactions

(6)

Laboratory Operations

(14)

Laboratory Safety

(4)

Quality Control

(2)

Laboratory Test Evaluation

(1)

Quality Assessment and Improvement

(1)

Infection Control

(5)

Immunologic and Molecular Procedures

(16)

Immunologic Procedures

(5)

Nucleic Acid Probes

(4)

Polymerase Chain Reaction

(5)

Section II Gram-Positive Bacteria

(46)

Staphylococci and Related Organisms

(12)

Staphylococcus

(4)

Micrococcus

(2)

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus

(4)

Streptococci and Related Organisms

(16)

Streptococci in General

(1)

Group A Streptococci

(2)

Group B Streptococci

(2)

Groups C, F, and G Streptococci

(1)

Group D Streptococci

(3)

Enterococcus

(1)

Streptococcus pneumoniae

(2)

Viridans Streptococci

(1)

``Streptococcus milleri'' Group

(1)

Satelliting Streptococci

(1)

Streptococcus-Like Bacteria

(1)

Helpful Hints-Identification

(3)

Gram-Positive Rods

(16)

Bacillus

(1)

Corynebacterium

(3)

Listeria monocytogenes

(1)

Erisipelothrix rhusiopathiae

(1)

Lactobacillus

(2)

Aerobic Actinomycetes

(1)

Other Gram-Positive Rods

(6)

Section III Gram-Negative Bacteria

(102)

Gram-Negative Cocci

(16)

Neisseria Overview

(1)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

(3)

Neisseria meningitides

102

(1)

Other Neisseria Species

103

(1)

Moraxella catarrhalis

103

(1)

Identification Tests

103

(6)

Identification Considerations

109

(4)

Haemophilus

113

(10)

Introduction

115

(1)

Haemophilus influenzae

115

(1)

Haemophilus ducreyi

116

(1)

Other Species

116

(1)

Identification

116

(7)

Enterobacteriaceae

123

(30)

Introduction

125

(1)

Escherichieae

126

(1)

Edwardsielleae

127

(1)

Salmonelleae

127

(1)

Citrobactereae, Klebsielleae, and Proteeae

128

(1)

Yersinieae

128

(1)

Miscellaneous Enteric Organisms

129

(1)

Cultivation Media

129

(3)

Identification Tests

132

(12)

Identification

144

(4)

Screening Stool Cultures for Salmonella and Shigella spp.

148

(5)

Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli

153

(10)

Introduction

155

(1)

Identification Tests

155

(1)

Pseudomonas

156

(1)

Burkholderia

157

(1)

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

158

(1)

Acinetobacter

158

(1)

Moraxella

158

(2)

Other Nonfermenters

160

(3)

Vibrio, Campylobacter, and Related Organisms

163

(16)

Introduction

165

(1)

Vibrio

165

(1)

Aeromonas

166

(1)

Plesiomonas shigelloides

167

(1)

Identification of Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas

167

(1)

Campylobacter

168

(4)

Helicobacter

172

(2)

Arcobacter

174

(5)

Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

179

(18)

Bordetella

181

(1)

Brucella

182

(1)

Capnocytophaga

183

(1)

Chromobacterium violaceum

184

(1)

Francisella tularensis

184

(1)

``HACEK'' Organisms

185

(2)

Legionella

187

(2)

Pasteurella

189

(1)

Other Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

189

(8)

Section IV Anaerobic Bacteriology

197

(36)

Anaerobic Bacteriology Procedures

199

(18)

Introduction

201

(1)

Specimen Collection and Transport

202

(1)

Specimen Processing

202

(2)

Anaerobic Media

204

(1)

Incubation

205

(2)

Culture Examination

207

(1)

Identification Tests

207

(10)

Anaerobic Bacteria

217

(16)

Clostridium Spp.

219

(2)

Non-Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli

221

(3)

Anaerobic Gram-Positive Cocci

224

(1)

Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

224

(4)

Anaerobic Gram-Negative Cocci

228

(5)

Section V Miscellaneous Organisms

233

(66)

Mycobacteria

235

(30)

Introduction

238

(1)

Species and Complexes

238

(2)

Specimen Collection, Transport, and Storage

240

(1)

Laboratory Safety

240

(1)

Specimen Processing

241

(1)

Acid-Fast Stains

242

(2)

Culture Media

244

(1)

Conventional Culture Methods

245

(1)

Instrumentation

246

(2)

Other Culture Systems

248

(2)

Mycobacterial Groups

250

(1)

Biochemical Tests

250

(5)

Other Identification Tests

255

(1)

Identification of Selected Mycobacteria

256

(1)

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

257

(8)

Chlamydia and Spirochetes

265

(18)

Chlamydia

267

(4)

Introduction

267

(1)

Chlamydia trachomatis

268

(3)

Chlamydia pneumoniae

271

(1)

Chlamydia psittaci

271

(1)

Spirochetes

271

(12)

Introduction

271

(2)

Borrelia

273

(1)

Leptospira

274

(1)

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

275

(3)

Other pathogenic treponemes

278

(5)

Miscellaneous Bacteria

283

(16)

Gardnerella vaginalis

285

(1)

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Spp.

286

(1)

Rickettsia

287

(2)

Ehrlichia

289

(1)

Coxiella

289

(1)

Bartonella

290

(1)

Other Bacteria

291

(8)

Section VI Culturing Specimens

299

(68)

Introduction to Specimen Cultures

301

(16)

Introduction

303

(1)

Safety

303

(1)

Specimen Collection Guidelines

303

(2)

Specimen Transport Guidelines

305

(1)

Initial Processing and Specimen Storage

305

(2)

Common Culture Media

307

(1)

Media Selection

307

(1)

Specimen Processing and Media Inoculation

308

(1)

Incubating and Examining Specimen Cultures

309

(1)

Clinical Applications of Gram-Stained Smears

309

(1)

Preparing Gram-Stained Smears

310

(1)

Examining Gram-Stained Smears

310

(2)

Acridine Orange-Stained Smears

312

(5)

Blood Cultures

317

(16)

Introduction

319

(1)

Causative Agents

319

(1)

Specimen Collection and Transport

320

(1)

Culture Media

321

(1)

Incubating and Subculturing

322

(1)

Manual Culture Methods

323

(1)

Instrumentation

323

(1)

Positive Blood Cultures

324

(1)

Special Cultures

325

(1)

Intravascular Catheter Cultures

326

(7)

Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tract Infections

333

(14)

Gastrointestinal Tract

331

(5)

Introuduction

333

(1)

Diseases

333

(1)

Specimen Collection and Transport

334

(1)

Visual Examination

335

(1)

Cultures

335

(1)

Urinary Tract

336

(4)

Introduction

336

(1)

Diseases

337

(1)

Specimen Collection and Transport

337

(1)

Urine Screens

338

(1)

Routine Cultures

339

(1)

Nonroutine Cultures

340

(1)

Genital Tract

340

(7)

Introduction

340

(1)

Diseases

341

(1)

Specimen Collection and Transport

342

(1)

Microscopic Examination

342

(1)

Cultures

342

(5)

Respiratory Tract and Other Cultures

347

(20)

Respiratory Tract

350

(4)

Introduction

350

(1)

Pharyngitis

350

(1)

Epiglottitis

350

(1)

Otitis Media

350

(1)

Sinusitis

351

(1)

Lower Respiratory Tract

352

(2)

Other Respiratory Cultures

354

(1)

Central Nervous System

354

(2)

Introduction

354

(1)

Acute Bacterial Meningitis

355

(1)

Chronic Meningitis

356

(1)

Brain Abscesses

356

(1)

Reporting Results

356

(1)

Normally Sterile Body Fluids

356

(2)

Introduction

356

(1)

Diseases

357

(1)

Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing

357

(1)

Microscopic Examination

358

(1)

Cultures

358

(1)

Reporting Results

358

(1)

Skin and Soft Tissue

358

(2)

Introduction

358

(1)

Diseases

358

(1)

Specimen Collection and Transport

359

(1)

Microscopic Examination

359

(1)

Cultures

359

(1)

Other Cultures

360

(7)

Eye

360

(1)

Autospy

361

(1)

Bone

361

(1)

Bone Marrow

361

(1)

External Ear

361

(6)

Section VII Antimicrobial Agents and Susceptibility Tests

367

(46)

Antimicrobial Agents

369

(16)

Introduction

371

(1)

β-Lactam Antimicrobial Agents: Overview

372

(1)

Penicillins

373

(2)

Other β Lactams

375

(1)

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

375

(3)

Other Antimicrobial Agents

378

(3)

Mycobacterial Chemotherapy

381

(4)

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

385

(28)

Introduction

387

(1)

Standardization

387

(2)

Broth Dilution Tests

389

(3)

Other Antimicrobial Dilution Test

392

(1)

Disk Diffusion Tests

393

(2)

Other Antimicrobial Test Methods

395

(1)

β-Lactamase Tests

396

(2)

Enterobacteriaceae and Nonfermenters

398

(1)

Staphylococci

398

(2)

Enterococci

400

(2)

Streptococci

402

(1)

Other Organisms

402

(2)

Special Tests

404

(2)

Quality Control

406

(1)

Antibiograms

407

(6)

Comprehensive Final Examination

413

(14)

Glossary

427

(8)

Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms

435

(4)

Appendix B Summary of Selected Media

439

(8)

Appendix C Microscopic Characteristics of Selected Organisms

447

(4)

Appendix D Distinctive Colonial Characteristics of Selected Organisms

451

(2)

Appendix E Summary of Selected Identification Tests

453

(26)

Bibliography to the Appendices

479

(2)

Index

481

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Diagnostic Bacteriology: A Study Guide

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Table of Contents

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