Digital Video Transcoding for Transmission and Storage

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780849316944 | 0849316944
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/28/2004

Rent

(Recommended)

$122.57

Term

Due

Price

Semester

Aug 2

$122.57

Quarter

Jul 19

$116.44

Short Term

Jun 21

$110.31

*This item is part of an exclusive publisher rental program and requires an additional convenience fee. This fee will be reflected in the shopping cart.
Buy New

Usually Ships in 3-5 Business Days

$167.46
eBook

Available Instantly

Online: 180 Days

Downloadable: 180 Days

$105.19

Professionals in the video and multimedia industries need a book that explains industry standards for video coding and how to convert the compressed information between standards. Digital Video Transcoding for Transmission and Storage answers this demand while also supplying the theories and principles of video compression and transcoding technologies. Emphasizing digital video transcoding techniques, this book summarizes its content via examples of practical methods for transcoder implementation. It relates almost all of its featured transcoding technologies to practical applications.This volume takes a structured approach, starting with basic video transcoding concepts and progressing toward the most sophisticated systems. It summarizes material from research papers, lectures, and presentations. Organized into four parts, the text first provides the background of video coding theory, principles of video transmission, and video coding standards. The second part includes three chapters that explain the theory of video transcoding and practical problems. The third part explores buffer management, packet scheduling, and encryption in the transcoding. The book concludes by describing the application of transcoding, universal multimedia access with the emerging MPEG-21 standard, and the end-to-end test bed.

Chapter 1 Fundamental of Digital Video Compressions

(32)

1.1 Fundamentals of Information Theory

(4)

1.1.1 Entropy

(2)

1.1.2 Properties of Block Codes

(2)

1.2 Variable Length Code

(5)

1.2.1 Huffman Coding

(1)

1.2.2 Golomb Code

(1)

1.2.3 Arithmetic Code

(2)

1.3 Fundamentals of the Human Visual System

(1)

1.3.1 Color Space Conversion and Spectral Redundancy

(1)

1.4 Video Coding Fundamentals

(4)

1.4.1 Intrinsic Redundancy of Video Source

(1)

1.4.2 Temporal Redundancy

(2)

1.4.3 Spatial Redundancy

(1)

1.5 Block-Based Transform

(4)

1.5.1 Karhunen-Loeve Transform

(1)

1.5.2 Discrete Cosine Transform

(1)

1.5.3 Fast Discrete Cosine Transform Algorithms

(1)

1.5.4 Integer Discrete Cosine Transform

(1)

1.5.5 Adaptive Block Size Transform

(1)

1.6 Frame-Based Transform

(7)

1.6.1 Subband Decomposition

(1)

1.6.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform

(2)

1.6.3 Embedded Zerotree Wavelet

(2)

1.6.4 Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT)

(1)

1.6.5 Temporal Subband Decomposition

(1)

1.7 Summary

(2)

1.8 Exercises

(1)

References

(4)

Chapter 2 Digital Video Coding Standards

(66)

2.1 Introduction

(1)

2.2 General Principles of Digital Video Coding Standards

(2)

2.2.1 Basic Principles of Video Coding Standards

(2)

2.2.2 General Procedure of Encoding and Decoding

(1)

2.3 Basic Tools for Digital Video Coding Standards

(17)

2.3.1 Tools for Removing Spatial Redundancy

(7)

2.3.1.1 Block Transformation

(3)

2.3.1.2 Quantization

(1)

2.3.1.3 DC and AC Prediction

(2)

2.3.1.4 Intra Frame Coding with Directional Spatial Prediction

(1)

2.3.2 Tools for Removing Temporal Redundancy

(3)

2.3.2.1 Motion-Compensated Predictive Coding

(1)

2.3.2.2 Structure for Different Frame Types

(2)

2.3.3 Tools for Removing Statistical Redundancy, Variable Length Coding (VLC)

(6)

2.3.3.1 Huffman Coding

(1)

2.3.3.2 Arithmetic Coding

(2)

2.3.3.3 Content-Based Arithmetic Encoding (CAE) for Binary Shape Coding

(2)

2.4 Enhancement Tools for Improving Functionality and Coding Efficiency

(13)

2.4.1 Tools for Increasing Functionality

(5)

2.4.1.1 Object-Based Coding

(1)

2.4.1.2 Scalability

(3)

2.4.1.3 Tools for Error Resilience

(1)

2.4.2 Tools for Increasing Coding Efficiency

(8)

2.4.2.1 Interlace Video

(1)

2.4.2.2 Adaptive Block Size Motion Compensation

(1)

2.4.2.3 Motion Compensation with Multiple References

(1)

2.4.2.4 Sprite Coding

(4)

2.4.2.5 Global Motion Compensation

(1)

2.4.2.6 Shape-Adaptive DCT

(1)

2.5 Brief Summary of Video Coding Standards

(14)

2.5.1 Summary of ISO/IEC Standards of Image and Video Coding

(7)

2.5.1.1 JPEG

(1)

2.5.1.2 JPEG-2000

(3)

2.5.1.3 MPEG-1

(1)

2.5.1.4 MPEG-2

(1)

2.5.1.5 MPEG-4

(1)

2.5.2 ITU-T Standards

(3)

2.5.2.1 H.261

(1)

2.5.2.2 H.263

(2)

2.5.3 MPEG/ITU Jointly Developed H.264/AVC

(3)

2.6 Video Compression Encoding Technologies

(15)

2.6.1 Pre-Processing

(1)

2.6.2 Motion Estimation

(2)

2.6.3 Mode Decision and Rate-Distortion Optimization

(4)

2.6.4 Rate Control Algorithms

(12)

2.6.4.1 MPEG-2 Rate Control

(3)

2.6.4.2 MPEG-4 Rate Control

(1)

2.6.4.3 H.264/AVC Rate Control

(5)

2.7 Summary

(1)

2.8 Exercises

(1)

References

(3)

Chapter 3 Video Transcoding Algorithms and Systems Architecture

(32)

3.1 General Concepts for the Transcoder

(6)

3.1.1 Transcoder for SDTV to HDTV Migration

(1)

3.1.2 Multi-Format and Compatible Receiver and Recorder

(1)

3.1.3 Transcoder for Broadcasting and Statistical Multiplexing

100

(1)

3.1.4 Multimedia Server for Communications Using MPEG-7

101

(1)

3.1.5 Universal Multimedia Access

101

(2)

3.1.6 Watermarking, Logo Insertion and Picture-in-Picture

103

(1)

3.1.7 Studio Applications

104

(1)

3.2 Transcoder for Bit Rate and Quality Adaptation

105

(8)

3.2.1 Cascaded Transcoder

105

(6)

3.2.1.1 Architecture 1: Truncation of the High Frequency Coefficients

107

(1)

3.2.1.2 Architecture 2: Re-quantizing the DCT Frequency Coefficients

108

(1)

3.2.1.3 Architecture 3: Re-Encoding with Old Motion Vectors and Mode Decisions

108

(1)

3.2.1.4 Architecture 4: Re-Encoding with Old Motion Vectors

108

(1)

3.2.1.5 Summary and Experimental Results

109

(1)

3.2.1.6 Optimized Spatial Domain Transcoder

110

(1)

3.2.2 Frequency Domain Transcoder

111

(2)

3.3 Fine Granularity Scalability

113

(4)

3.3.1 MPEG-4 FGS

113

(2)

3.3.2 Advanced FGS

115

(2)

3.4 FGS to MPEG-4 Simple Profile Transcoding

117

(10)

3.4.1 Application Scenario for an FGS-to-SP Transcoding

118

(1)

3.4.2 Architectures for an FGS-to-SP Transcoding

119

(4)

3.4.2.1 Rate Control for Transcoding

121

(2)

3.4.3 Experimental Results

123

(9)

3.4.3.1 Static Test without Rate Control

123

(1)

3.4.3.2 Static Test with Rate Control

123

(2)

3.4.3.3 Dynamic Test Using the MPEG-21 Multimedia Test Bed

125

(2)

3.5 Summary

127

(1)

3.6 Exercises

128

(1)

References

128

(3)

Chapter 4 Topics on Optimization of Transcoding Performance

131

(34)

4.1 Introduction

131

(1)

4.2 Reduced Spatial Resolution Transcoder

132

(10)

4.2.1 Spatial Downscaling in the Compressed Domain

133

(2)

4.2.2 Motion Vector Adaptation

135

(1)

4.2.3 Spatial Domain Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures

136

(6)

4.2.3.1 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures l

136

(1)

4.2.3.2 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures 2

136

(2)

4.2.3.3 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures 3

138

(1)

4.2.3.4 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures 4

139

(1)

4.2.3.5 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures 5

139

(1)

4.2.3.6 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures 6

140

(1)

4.2.3.7 Complexity and Performance Analysis

140

(1)

4.2.3.8 Frequency Domain Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures

141

(1)

4.3 Temporal Resolution Adaptation

142

(4)

4.3.1 Motion Vector Refinement

143

(2)

4.3.2 Requantization

145

(1)

4.3.3 Transcoding for Fast Forward/Reverse Playback

145

(1)

4.4 Syntactical Adaptation

146

(3)

4.4.1 JPEG/MPEG-2 to MPEG-1 and DV to MPEG-2 Transcoding

146

(1)

4.4.2 MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 Transcoding

147

(1)

4.4.3 MPEG-4 FGS Transcoding

148

(1)

4.5 Error-Resilient Transcoding

149

(1)

4.6 Logo Insertion and Watermarking

149

(3)

4.7 Quality Improvement

152

(1)

4.8 Switched Picture

152

(3)

4.8.1 Bit Stream Switching

153

(1)

4.8.2 Splicing and Random Access

153

(1)

4.8.3 Error Resilience

154

(1)

4.8.4 SP-Frame Encoding

154

(1)

4.9 H.264/AVC Picture-in-Picture Transcoding

155

(5)

4.9.1 PIP Cascaded Transcoder Architecture

156

(1)

4.9.2 Partial Re-encoding Transcoder Architecture (PRETA)

157

(8)

4.9.2.1 Intra-Mode Refinement

157

(1)

4.9.2.2 Inter-Mode Refinement

158

(1)

4.9.2.3 Simulation Results

159

(1)

4.10 Transcoding for Statistical Multiplexing

160

(1)

4.11 Summary

161

(1)

4.12 Exercises

161

(1)

References

161

(4)

Chapter 5 Video Transport Transcoding

165

(28)

5.1 Overview of MPEG-2 System

165

(4)

5.1.1 Introduction

165

(1)

5.1.2 Transport Stream and Program Stream

166

(1)

5.1.3 Transport Stream Coding Structure and Parameters

167

(2)

5.1.4 Program Stream Coding Structure and Parameters

169

(1)

5.2 MPEG-2 System Layer Transcoding

169

(4)

5.2.1 Transcoding features of Transport Stream

169

(3)

5.2.2 Transcoding between Transport Stream and Program Stream

172

(1)

5.3 Transcoding between CBR and VBR

173

(14)

5.3.1 CBR Video Coding Algorithm

173

(3)

5.3.2 VBR Video Coding Algorithm

176

(6)

5.3.2.1 General Principle of VBR Coding

176

(2)

5.3.2.2 Two-Pass VBR Coding Algorithms

178

(4)

5.3.3 Comparison of CBR and VBR

182

(1)

5.3.4 An Example of Transcoding between Transport Stream and Program Stream

183

(4)

5.4 Transport of VBR Streams over Constant Bandwidth Channel

187

(3)

5.4.1 Simple Multiplexer with VBR Streams

187

(1)

5.4.2 Multiple VBR Streams for Open-Loop Intelligent Multiplexer

188

(1)

5.4.3 Multiple VBR Streams for Closed-Loop Intelligent Multiplexer

189

(1)

5.5 Summary

190

(1)

5.6 Exercises

190

(1)

References

190

(3)

Chapter 6 System Clock Recovery and Time Stamping

193

(34)

6.1 Basics on Video Synchronization

193

(3)

6.2 System Clock Recovery

196

(9)

6.2.1 Requirements on Video System Clock

196

(1)

6.2.2 MPEG-2 Systems Timing Model

197

(2)

6.2.3 Decoder STC Synchronization

199

(5)

6.2.4 Required Decoder Buffer Size for Video Synchronization

204

(1)

6.3 Video Decoding and Presentation Time Stamps

205

(16)

6.3.1 Background

205

(4)

6.3.2 Computation of MPEG-2 Video PTS and DTS

209

(12)

6.4 Summary

221

(1)

6.5 Exercises

222

(2)

References

224

(3)

Chapter 7 Transcoder Video Buffer And Hypothetical Reference Decoder

227

(34)

7.1 Video Buffer Management

227

(2)

7.2 Conditions for Preventing Decoder Buffer Underflow and Overflow

229

(3)

7.3 Hypothetical Reference Decoder

232

(11)

7.3.1 Background

232

(1)

7.3.2 H.261 and H.263 HRDs

232

(1)

7.3.3 MPEG-2 Video Buffering Verifier (VBV)

232

(4)

7.3.4 MPEG-4 Video Buffering Verifier

236

(4)

7.3.5 Comparison between MPEG-2 VBV and MPEG-4 VBV

240

(1)

7.3.6 HRD in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

240

(3)

7.3.6.1 Operation of the CAT-LB HRD

241

(1)

7.3.6.2 Low-Delay Operation

242

(1)

7.3.6.3 Stream Constraints

242

(1)

7.3.6.4 Underflow

242

(1)

7.3.6.5 Overflow

242

(1)

7.4 Buffer Analysis of Video Transcoders

243

(12)

7.4.1 Background

243

(3)

7.4.2 Buffer Dynamics of Video Transcoders

246

(1)

7.4.3 Buffer Dynamics of the Encoder-Decoder Only System

246

(3)

7.4.4 Transcoder with a Fixed Compression Ratio

249

(6)

7.5 Regenerating Time Stamps in Transcoder

255

(2)

7.6 Summary

257

(1)

7.7 Exercises

257

(1)

References

258

(3)

Chapter 8 Cryptography and Conditional Access for Video Transport Systems

261

(50)

8.1 Basic Terminology and Concepts

261

(5)

8.1.1 Functions (One-to-One, One-Way, Trapdoor One-Way)

262

(1)

8.1.2 Basic Concepts of Encryption and Decryption

263

(3)

8.2 Symmetric-Key Ciphers

266

(6)

8.2.1 Substitution and Permutation Ciphers

267

(2)

8.2.2 Product Cipher System

269

(2)

8.2.3 Stream Cipher and the Key Space

271

(1)

8.3 Data Encryption Standard

272

(8)

8.3.1 Key Scheduling

273

(2)

8.3.2 Input Data Preparation

275

(1)

8.3.3 The Core DES Function

276

(4)

8.4 Modes of Operation

280

(4)

8.5 Cascade Cipher and Multiple Encryption

284

(4)

8.6 Public-Key Ciphers

288

(7)

8.6.1 RSA Public-Key Encryption

289

(2)

8.6.2 Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement

291

(2)

8.6.3 Authentication

293

(2)

8.7 Conditional Access

295

(11)

8.7.1 Functions of Conditional Access System

296

(1)

8.7.2 Configuration of a Conditional Access System

297

(7)

8.7.3 Termination of Short Blocks in Block Cipher for Transport Packets

304

(1)

8.7.4 Multi-Hop Encryption

304

(2)

8.8 Summary

306

(1)

8.9 Exercises

306

(1)

References

307

(4)

Chapter 9 Application and Implementation of Video Transcoders

311

(60)

9.1 MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 Transcoder

311

(24)

9.1.1 Introduction

312

(2)

9.1.2 Transcoding Architecture and Drift Error Analysis

314

(4)

9.1.2.1 Reference Architecture

315

(1)

9.1.2.2 Drift Error Analysis of Open-Loop Architecture

316

(2)

9.1.3 Transcoding at Macroblock Layer

318

(3)

9.1.3.1 Mixed Block Processing

318

(1)

9.1.3.2 Motion Vector Mapping

319

(1)

9.1.3.3 Texture Down-Sampling

320

(1)

9.1.4 Architectures for Drift Compensation

321

(10)

9.1.4.1 Drift Compensation in Reduced Resolution

322

(1)

9.1.4.2 Drift Compensation in Original Resolution

323

(1)

9.1.4.3 Partial-Encode Architecture

324

(1)

9.1.4.4 Intra Refresh Architecture

325

(1)

9.1.4.5 Experimental Results

326

(5)

9.1.5 Motion Vector Refinement

331

(2)

9.1.6 Motion Vector Re-Estimation and Residual Re-Estimation

333

(1)

9.1.7 Summary of MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 Transcoder

334

(1)

9.2 Error Resilience Video Transcoder

335

(5)

9.2.1 Basic Concept of Error Resilience Transcoding

335

(1)

9.2.2 Techniques for Spatial and Temporal Error Resilience Coding

336

(2)

9.2.3 Error Resilience Transcoding Using AIR

338

(2)

9.3 Object-Based Transcoding

340

(27)

9.3.1 Background

341

(1)

9.3.2 Object-Based Transcoding Framework and Strategies

342

(3)

9.3.2.1 Object-Based Adaptive Transcoding System

343

(1)

9.3.2.2 Strategies of Object-Based Transcoding

344

(1)

9.3.3 Dynamic Programming Approach

345

(4)

9.3.3.1 Texture Model for Rate Control

345

(1)

9.3.3.2 QP Selections in the Transcoder

346

(2)

9.3.3.3 Frameskip Analysis

348

(1)

9.3.4 Meta-Data-Based Approach

349

(4)

9.3.4.1 QP Selection

350

(1)

9.3.4.2 Key Object Identification

350

(1)

9.3.4.3 Variable Temporal Resolution

351

(2)

9.3.5 Transcoding Architecture

353

(2)

9.3.6 Simulation Results

355

(11)

9.3.6.1 Bit Allocation among Objects

355

(3)

9.3.6.2 Results with Key Object Identification

358

(2)

9.3.6.3 Discussion of Shape Hints

360

(3)

9.3.6.4 Results with Varying Temporal Resolution

363

(3)

9.3.7 Concluding Remarks

366

(1)

9.4 Summary

367

(1)

9.5 Exercises

367

(1)

References

368

(3)

Chapter 10 Universal Multimedia Access Using MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation

371

(20)

10.1 Introduction

371

(1)

10.2 Overview of Universal Multimedia Access

372

(2)

10.3 Overview of MPEG-21

374

(9)

10.3.1 What is MPEG-21?

374

(4)

10.3.2 Overview of Digital Item Adaptation

378

(3)

10.3.3 Relation between DIA and Other Parts of MPEG-21

381

(1)

10.3.4 Relation between Digital Item Adaptation and MPEG-7

382

(1)

10.4 Resource Adaptation Engine

383

(3)

10.4.1 Design Goals and Issues

383

(1)

10.4.2 Transcoding Background

383

(1)

10.4.3 Transcoding QoS

384

(1)

10.4.4 Comparison between Transcoding and Scalable Coding

385

(1)

10.5 Description Adaptation Engine

386

(2)

10.5.1 Motivations and Goals

386

(1)

10.5.2 Metadata Adaptation Hints

387

(1)

10.6 Summary

388

(1)

10.7 Exercise

388

(1)

References

389

(2)

Chapter 11 End-to-End Video Streaming and Transcoding System

391

(24)

11.1 Elements of Video Streaming and Transcoding System

391

(2)

11.2 MPEG-4 Over IP Networks

393

(4)

11.2.1 MPEG-4 Protocol Layers

393

(3)

11.2.2 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Types

396

(1)

11.2.3 Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)

397

(1)

11.3 MPEG-4 Over IP Test Bed

397

(8)

11.3.1 FGS-Based Streaming Test Bed

398

(4)

11.3.1.1 FGS-Based Video Content Server

398

(3)

11.3.1.2 Video Clients

401

(1)

11.3.2 Network Interface

402

(2)

11.3.3 Network Simulator

404

(1)

11.3.4 Experimental Results

405

(1)

11.4 MPEG-4 Transcoding on the Test Bed

405

(7)

11.4.1 Rate Control for a Transcoder

407

(2)

11.4.2 Dynamic Test for a Transcoder

409

(3)

11.5 Conclusions

412

(1)

11.5.1 Acknowledgment

412

(1)

11.6 Exercises

412

(1)

References

413

(2)

Index

415

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

FREE SHIPPING

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Digital Video Transcoding for Transmission and Storage

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials