Diversity in U.S. Mass Media [Rental Edition]
, by Luther, Catherine A.; Lepre, Carolyn Ringer; Clark, Naeemah![Diversity in U.S. Mass Media [Rental Edition] by Luther, Catherine A.; Lepre, Carolyn Ringer; Clark, Naeemah, 9781119623328](https://simages.biggerbooks.com/images/d/3/328/9781119623328.jpg "Diversity in U.S. Mass Media [Rental Edition] by Luther, Catherine A.; Lepre, Carolyn Ringer; Clark, Naeemah, 9781119623328")
- ISBN: 9781119623328 | 1119623324
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 6/18/2019
Catherine A. Luther is Associate Professor and the Associate Dean for Academic Programs in the College of Communication and Information at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville, and was once a television news producer for American and Japanese television networks.
Carolyn Ringer Lepre is Associate Professor at Marist College in New York who once worked as an Assistant Editor for Martha Stewart Living.
Naeemah Clark teaches Media Management and Operations at Elon University in North Carolina.
List of Figures xi
List of Tables xiii
List of Boxes xiv
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
Social Identity 2
Racial/Ethnic Identity 3
Gender Identity 5
Sexual Identity 6
Age Identity 6
Disability Identity 7
Class Identity 7
Organization of the Book 8
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 9
References 9
2 Theoretical Foundations of Research in Mass Media Representations 11
Mass Media Representations: Social Psychological Perspectives 11
Framing 12
Social Comparison Theory 14
Socialization 16
Cultivation Theory 17
Media Representations: Critical Perspectives 19
Hegemony 20
The Concept of Representation 21
Feminist Theory 23
Three Waves of Feminism 23
Queer Theory 25
Concluding Remarks 25
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 25
References 26
3 Representations of American Indians 29
Historical Background to American Indian Representations 30
American Indians in Film 31
American Indians in Entertainment Television 37
Representations of American Indians in the News 41
American Indians and New Media 44
Concluding Remarks 46
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 47
References 47
4 Representations of African Americans 51
Historical Background to African American Representations 52
African Americans in Film 53
African Americans in Entertainment Television 57
African American Music 62
Representations of African Americans in the News 63
African Americans and Advertisements 68
African Americans in the Media Business 69
Concluding Remarks 70
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 71
References 71
5 Representations of Hispanics/Hispanic Americans 75
Historical Background to Hispanic/Hispanic American Representations 75
Hispanics/Hispanic Americans in Film 77
Hispanics/Hispanic Americans in Entertainment Television 80
Spanish-Language Programs in the United States 84
Hispanics/Hispanic Americans and Radio 86
Representations of Hispanics/Hispanic Americans in the News 88
Spanish-Language Newspapers in the United States 89
Spanish-Language Magazines in the United States 91
Hispanics/Hispanic Americans and Advertisements 92
Concluding Remarks 93
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 94
References 94
6 Representations of Arabs/Arab Americans 97
Historical Background to Arab/Arab American Representations 97
Arabs/Arab Americans in Film 99
Arabs/Arab Americans in Entertainment Television 105
Representations of Arabs/Arab Americans in the News 110
Concluding Remarks 114
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 115
References 116
7 Representations of Asians/Asian Americans 119
Historical Background to Asian/Asian American Representations 120
Asians/Asian Americans in Film 121
Asians/Asian Americans in Entertainment Television 128
Representations of Asians/Asian Americans in the News 133
Asian/Asian American Activism and New Media 136
Concluding Remarks 139
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 140
References 140
8 Representations of Mixed Race Individuals and Relationships 143
Historical Background to Representations of Race Mixing 144
Race Mixing in Film 146
Race Mixing in Entertainment Television 152
Representations of Mixed Race Individuals and Relationships in the News 159
Mixed Race Individuals/Couples and New Media 160
Concluding Remarks 162
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 163
References 163
9 Representations of Gender in Television, Film, and Music Videos 165
Historical Background to Gender Representations in Film and Television 166
Gender in Film 168
Gender in Entertainment Television 175
Gender in Music Videos 185
Concluding Remarks 192
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 193
References 194
10 Representations of Gender in Magazines, Newspapers, and Advertising 197
Historical Background to Women in Magazines 198
Gender in Magazines 200
Gender in Newspapers 204
Gender in Advertising 209
Gender Trends and the “Male Gaze” 212
Gender in New Media 215
Concluding Remarks 215
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 216
References 216
11 Representations of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People in the Media 221
Historical Background to LGBT Representations 222
LGBT in Film 224
LGBT in Entertainment Television 229
LGBT in Music and Radio 235
Representations of LGBT in the News 237
LGBT and Magazines 238
LGBT and Advertisements 240
LGBT and New Media 242
Concluding Remarks 242
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 243
References 243
12 Representations of Age 247
Historical Background to Ageist Stereotypes and the Myths of Aging 248
Senior Citizens and Teenagers in the United States 249
Age in Film 250
Representations of Older and Elderly People 250
Representations of Teenagers 252
Age in Entertainment Television 257
Representations of Older and Elderly People 257
Representations of Teenagers 260
Age in the News 263
Representations of Older and Elderly People 263
Representations of Teenagers 263
Age and New Media 265
Concluding Remarks 266
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 267
References 267
13 Representations of People with Disabilities 271
Historical Background to Representations of People with Disabilities 272
People with Disabilities in Film 274
People with Disabilities in Entertainment Television 277
People with Disabilities in the News 282
People with Disabilities in Advertising 285
Concluding Remarks 288
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 288
References 289
14 Representations of Class 293
Historical Background to Class Representations 293
Class in Film 296
Class in Entertainment Television 301
Representations of Class in the News 305
Concluding Remarks 308
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 309
References 309
15 Representations of Religion and Faith in the Media 313
Historical Background to Religion and Faith Representations 314
Religion and Faith in Film 315
Martyrdom in Film 318
Films about Those Struggling with Faith 319
Films as Windows into Faith Traditions 320
Representations of Religion and Faith on Television 321
Entertainment Television 321
Televangelism 324
Representations of Religion and Faith in the News 325
Denominational Magazines 328
Concluding Remarks 329
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 330
References 330
16 Mass Media Industries Addressing Diversity 333
Broadcast News and Newspaper Industries and Diversity 333
The Magazine Industry and Diversity 336
The Entertainment Industry and Diversity 337
The Mass Media Industry and Diversity Statements/Initiatives 341
Interviews with Mass Media Professionals 345
Brent Merrill 345
Rebecca Traister 346
Kent Takano 347
Aminda Marques Gonzalez 349
Richard Prince 352
Huma Razvi 353
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 354
References 355
17 Conclusion 357
Common Threads in Mass Media Representations 357
Psychological Impact of Mass Media Representations 359
Minority Media as Counteracting Agents 359
Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 362
References 363
Digging Deeper 365
One Representation Replaces Another 365
Suggestions for Further Exploration 365
Sexuality and Power 365
Suggestions for Further Exploration 366
Rules and Regulations Impact Representations 366
Suggestions for Further Exploration 366
The Symbolic Annihilation of a Social Group 366
Suggestions for Further Exploration 367
Minorities as the “Other” 367
Suggestions for Further Exploration 367
Reliance of the News on White “Expert” Sources 368
Suggestions for Further Exploration 368
“False” Framing and Misrepresentation 368
Suggestions for Further Exploration 368
Online = New Opportunities 368
Suggestions for Further Exploration 369
Changes, Contradictions, and an Ever-Moving Continuum 369
Suggestions for Further Exploration 369
Reference 369
Glossary of Key Terms/Concepts 371
Index 379
What is included with this book?
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
Please wait while the item is added to your bag...
