Drugs, Brain, and Behavior

Author #1:

After earning his doctorate in experimental psychology at the University of New Mexico in 1971, Dr. Grilly spent the next two years investigating the behavioral effects of cannabinoids after acute and chronic exposure in chimpanzees at Holloman Air Force Base in Alamogordo, New Mexico.  He then moved to Cleveland, Ohio, to take a position as a faculty member in the Psychology Department at Cleveland State University, where he spent the remainder of his 38 year career.  His research at CSU, primarily with rats, involved investigations of a variety of psychoactive drugs on a variety of behaviors.  These included investigating the potential use of signal detection theory in assessing  nociception and opiate withdrawal, determining the effects of drugs  on attentional processes (e.g., naltrexone, diprenorphine, morphine, barbiturates, amphetamine, cocaine, fluoxetine, nicotine, pemoline) and conditioned avoidance/escape behavior (e.g., clonidine, chlorpromazine, morphine), determining whether the effects of psychostimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamine) on sustained attention change with aging, and comparing the effects of very low to very high doses of amphetamine in rats with those shown in humans.  He also conducted research with humans investigating the effect of marijuana on visual short term memory and the changes in people’s perceptions of the effects of marijuana on driving. 

Author #2: Dr. John Salamone received his bachelor's degree from Rockhurst University in Kansas City, Missouri in 1978. He was a psychology major and biology minor.  Dr. Salamone then entered the psychobiology program at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, and graduated with a Ph.D. in 1982.  For postdoctoral training, Dr. Salamone received a National Science Foundation grant, and studied at Cambridge University in England. Dr. Salamone stayed in England for several more years, working at Merck, Sharpe and Dohme pharmaceutical laboratories. Upon returning to the United States, Dr. Salamone joined the Behavioral Neuroscience department at the University of Pittsburgh in 1986, and joined the Psychology Department at UConn in the fall of 1988. Dr. Salamone is now a Board of Trustees Distinguished Professor; he also is the chair of the Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, and the head of the Behavioral Neuroscience Division of the Psychology Department. Dr. Salamone's research is largely in the fields of behavioral neuroscience and psychopharmacology, with an emphasis on studies related to Parkinson’s disease, depression, motivation, and effort-related decision making. Dr. Salamone has been the research advisor for more than 40 undergraduate honors students at the University of Connecticut. He was inducted as a member of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2002, and he has received the University of Connecticut Alumni Association Award for Excellence in Teaching. His daughter, Isabella Salamone, is currently an honor student studying biology at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Salamone’s hobbies include travel, astronomy, book collecting and cooking.

IN THIS SECTION:

BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Chapter 1: Psychopharmacology in Perspective

Chapter 2: Drug Classification and Behavioral Assessment

Chapter 3: Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Chapter 4: Excitability and Chemical Properties of Nerve Cells

Chapter 5: Synaptic Transmission, Drugs, & Chemical Neuroanatomy

Chapter 6: Tolerance, Sensitization, Dependence & Addiction

Chapter 7: Psychomotor Stimulants & Antiparkinsonian Drugs

Chapter 8: Antipsychotic Drugs & Neurochemical Hypotheses of Schizophrenia

Chapter 9: Antidepressants & Mood Stabilizers

Chapter 10: Sedative-Hypnotics, Anxiolytics and Anticonvulsants

Chapter 11: Drug Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction

Chapter 12: Naturally Occurring & Synthetic Opiates & their Antagonists

Chapter 13: Dissociative Anesthetics, Psychedelics, & Hallucinogens

COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Chapter 1: Psychopharmacology in Perspective

A Historical Overview of Psychopharmacology

Predecessors to Modern Pharmacotherapies

The Psychopharmacological Revolution

Recreational and Social Drug Use

Summary and Overview

Chapter 2: Drug Classification and Behavioral Assessment

Drug Classifications Based upon Behavioral or Therapeutic Actions

Drug Classification Based upon Basic Neurochemical Actions

Drug Names and Medical Uses of Drugs

Schedule-Controlled Drugs

Chapter 3: Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Basic Chemical Principles Related to Psychopharmacology

Routes of Administration

Importance of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Psychopharmacology

Dose—Response Relationships

Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Implications of Pharmacokinetics in the Fetus and Neonate

Pharmacogenetic and Ethnic Factors in Drug Action

Chapter 4: Excitability and Chemical Properties of Nerve Cells

The Neuron

Electrical Excitability of Neurons: The Resting Membrane Potential

Electrical Excitability of Neurons: Excitation, Inhibition, and the Action Potential

Integration, Computation and Chemical Signaling in Neurons

Additional Features of Chemical Neurotransmission

Chapter 5: Synaptic Transmission, Drugs, & Chemical Neuroanatomy

Neurotransmitters & Chemical Signaling in the Nervous System

Synthesis of Neurotransmitters

Storage of Neurotransmitters

Release of Neurotransmitters

Postsynaptic Actions of Neurotransmitters

Inactivation of Neurotransmitters

Chemical Neuroanatomy & Neurotransmitter Distribution

Chapter 6: Tolerance, Sensitization, Dependence & Addiction

Tolerance& Sensitization

Tolerance & Sensitization Mechanisms

Dependence, Abuse & Addiction

General Factors in Treatment for Drug Dependency

State-Dependent Learning

Chapter 7: Psychomotor Stimulants & Antiparkinsonian Drugs

Motor Effects of Psychomotor Stimulants

Caffeine

Nicotine

Amphetamines and Related Drugs

Cocaine

Treatment of Cocaine and Amphetamine Abuse

Modafinil

Parkinson’s Disease

Chapter 8: Antipsychotic Drugs & Neurochemical Hypotheses of Schizophrenia

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Discovery and Characterization of Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurochemical and Neuropathological Hypotheses of Schizophrenia

Current Pharmacotherapy for Schizophrenia

Chapter 9: Antidepressants & Mood Stabilizers

Pharmacotherapy for Depression

Neurobiological Hypotheses of Affective Disorders

Nondrug Treatments for Depression

Placebo Effects and Antidepressant Actions

Pharmacotherapy in Mania and Bipolar Illnesses

Chapter 10: Sedative-Hypnotics, Anxiolytics and Anticonvulsants

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Barbiturates and Other Sedative—Hypnotics

Inhalants: Anesthetic Gases and Solvents

Anxiolytics

Sedative—Hypnotics and Insomnia

Drug Treatment of Epilepsy: Anticonvulsant Drugs

Chapter 11: Drug Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Psychomotor Stimulants, Learning, & Memory

Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease & Senile Dementia

Chapter 12: Naturally Occurring & Synthetic Opiates & their Antagonists

Endogenous Opioid Peptides and Their Receptors

Typical Opiates

The “Overdose” Phenomenon

Legal Factors in the Narcotics Problem

Opiate Antagonists: Potential Uses

Chapter 13: Dissociative Anesthetics, Psychedelics, & Hallucinogens

Some General Characteristics of P/P/Hs

Monoamine-Related P/P/Hs

Cannabinoids

Dissociative Anesthetics: Phencyclidine and Ketamine

Dissociative Anesthetics, Psychedelics & Hallucinogens: The Human Experience

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