Dual-Process Theories of the Social Mind

This volume provides an authoritative synthesis of a dynamic, influential area of psychological research. Leading investigators address all aspects of dual-process theories: their core assumptions, conceptual foundations, and applications to a wide range of social phenomena. In 38 chapters, the volume addresses the pivotal role of automatic and controlled processes in attitudes and evaluation; social perception; thinking and reasoning; self-regulation; and the interplay of affect, cognition, and motivation. Current empirical and methodological developments are described. Critiques of the duality approach are explored and important questions for future research identified.

Jeffrey W. Sherman, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Davis. His research investigates the cognitive processes underlying social psychology and behavior, with particular interests in attitude formation and change and how stereotypes and prejudice affect social perception. Dr. Sherman is Editor of the journal Social Cognition. A Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science (APS), the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), and the Society for Experimental Social Psychology (SESP), he is a recipient of other honors including the Theoretical Innovation Prize from SPSP and the Anneliese Maier Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the German Federal Ministry of Education.

Bertram Gawronski, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at the University of Texas at Austin. His research investigates the mental underpinnings and behavioral consequences of spontaneous and deliberate evaluations of objects, individuals, groups, and social issues. Dr. Gawronski's work has been recognized with honors including the Theoretical Innovation Prize from SPSP, the Career Trajectory Award from SESP, the Early Career Award from the International Social Cognition Network, the Early Researcher Award from the Ministry of Research and Innovation of Ontario, and the Charlotte-and-Karl-Bühler Award from the German Psychological Society. He is a fellow of APS, SESP, and SPSP.

Yaacov Trope, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at New York University. His research investigates the interrelations among cognition, motivation, and self-regulation in the social context. Particular interests include how psychological distance influences the representations of objects, and, thereby, the predictions, evaluations, and choices individuals make regarding those objects; self-control processes; and the role of affective states and personal desires in social judgment and decision making. Dr. Trope is a Fellow of APS and an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

I. The Basics
1. Two of What?: A Conceptual Analysis of Dual-Process Theories, Bertram Gawronski, Jeffrey W. Sherman, and Yaacov Trope
2. Examining the Mapping Problem in Dual-Process Models, Agnes Moors
3. Conscious and Unconscious: Toward an Integrative Understanding of Human Mental Life and Action, Roy F. Baumeister and John A. Bargh
4. What Is Control?: A Conceptual Analysis, Kentaro Fujita, Yaacov Trope, William A. Cunningham, and Nira Liberman
II. Dual-Systems Models
5. Two Systems of Reasoning: An Update, Steven Sloman
6. Rationality, Intelligence, and the Defining Features of Type 1 and Type 2 Processing, Keith A. Stanovich, Richard F. West, and Maggie E. Toplak
7. The Reflective-Impulsive Model, Fritz Strack and Roland Deutsch
III. Measurement and Formal Modeling
8. Dual-Process Theory from a Process Dissociation Perspective, B. Keith Payne and C. Daryl Cameron
9. Process Models Require Process Measures, Jeffrey W. Sherman, Regina Krieglmeyer, and Jimmy Calanchini
10. Random-Walk and Diffusion Models, Karl Christoph Klauer
IV. Attitudes and Evaluation
11. The MODE Model: Attitude-Behavior Processes as a Function of Motivation and Opportunity, Russell H. Fazio and Michael A. Olson
12. The Elaboration Likelihood and Metacognitive Models of Attitudes: Implications for Prejudice, the Self, and Beyond, Richard E. Petty and Pablo Briñol
13. The Associative-Propositional Evaluation Model: Operating Principles and Operating Conditions of Evaluation, Bertram Gawronski and Galen V. Bodenhausen
14. The Systems of Evaluation Model: A Dual-Systems Approach to Attitudes, Allen R. McConnell and Robert J. Rydell
V. Social Perception
15. Controlled Processing and Automatic Processing in the Formation of Spontaneous Trait Inferences, Randy J. McCarthy and John T. Skowronski
16. The Dynamic Interactive Model of Person Construal: Coordinating Sensory and Social Processes, Jonathan B. Freeman and Nalini Ambady
17. Person Perception: Integrating Category-Level and Individual-Level Information in Face Construal, Kimberly A. Quinn and C. Neil Macrae
18. Dual-Process Models of Trait Judgments of Self and Other: An Overview and Critique, Stanley B. Klein
19. Automaticity, Control, and the Social Brain, Robert P. Spunt and Matthew D. Lieberman
VI. Thinking and Reasoning
20. Here’s to Us: On Unconscious Processes and President Obama, Ran R. Hassin and Asael Y. Sklar
21. Metacognitive Processes and Subjective Experiences, Rainer Greifeneder and Norbert Schwarz
22. Same or Different?: How Similarity versus Dissimilarity Focus Shapes Social Information Processing, Thomas Mussweiler
23. Visual versus Verbal Thinking and Dual-Process Moral Cognition, Elinor Amit, Sara Gottlieb, and Joshua D. Greene
24. Prolonged Thought: Proposing Type 3 Processing, Ap Dijksterhuis, Madelijn Strick, Maarten W. Bos, and Loran F. Nordgren
VII. Habits, Goals, and Motivation
25. Habits in Dual-Process Models, Wendy Wood, Jennifer S. Labrecque, Pei-Ying Lin, and Dennis Rünger
26. Conscious and Unconscious Goal Pursuit: Similar Functions, Different Processes?, Ruud Custers and Henk Aarts
27. The Implicit Volition Model: The Unconscious Nature of Goal Pursuit, Gordon B. Moskowitz
28. Promotion and Prevention: How "0" Can Create Dual Motivational Forces, E. Tory Higgins
VIII. Self-Regulation and Control
29. Beyond Control versus Automaticity: Psychological Processes Driving Postsuppressional Rebound, Jens Förster and Nira Liberman
30. The Explicit and Implicit Ways of Overcoming Temptation, Ayelet Fishbach and Luxi Shen
31. Breaking the Prejudice Habit: Automaticity and Control in the Context of a Long-Term Goal, Patrick S. Forscher and Patricia G. Devine
32. Emotion Generation and Emotion Regulation: Moving beyond Traditional Dual-Process Accounts, Gal Sheppes and James J. Gross
IX. Criticism and Alternatives
33. The Limits of Automaticity, Klaus Fiedler and Mandy Hütter
34. The Unimodel Unfolding, Arie W. Kruglanski, Kristen M. Klein, Antonio Pierro, and Lucia Mannetti
35. Why a Propositional Single-Process Model of Associative Learning Deserves to Be Defended, Jan De Houwer
36. How Many Processes to Ground a Concept?, Gün R. Semin, Margarida V. Garrido, and Ana Rita Farias
37. Dual Experiences, Multiple Processes: Looking Beyond Dualities for Mechanisms of the Mind, David M. Amodio
38. Rethinking Duality: Criticisms and Ways Forward, Melissa J. Ferguson, Thomas C. Mann, and Michael T. Wojnowicz