Dynamics of Organizational Populations

Why does the number of organizations of any given kind vary over time? Utilizing a diverse group of organizations including national labor unions, newspapers and newspaper publishers, brewing firms, life insurance companies, and banks, this book seeks to deepen and broaden the understanding of change in organizational populations by examining the dynamics of numbers of organizations in populations. Such an approach involves explaining the sources of growth and decline in the sum of organizations (what the authors call "density") over the histories of populations of organizations. The authors conclude their study by formulating a theory of density-dependent legitimation and competition.

Introduction	p. 3
Organizational Populations Studied	p. 6
Analytic Strategy	p. 12
Relation to Other Theory and Research	p. 20
The Plan of This Book	p. 23
Theoretical Approach	p. 25
Competition Processes	p. 26
Legitimation Processes	p. 33
Density, Competition, and Legitimation	p. 37
Density Dependence in Vital Rates	p. 44
Reversibility of Processes	p. 47
Conclusion	p. 48
Models and Modeling Strategy	p. 50
Classical Models of Population Growth	p. 51
Relating Vital Rates to Legitimation and Competition	p. 54
Density Dependence in Founding Rates	p. 60
Density Dependence in Mortality Rates	p. 65
Interpretations of Density Dependence	p. 67
Density and Founding Rates	p. 75
Prior Research	p. 76
Methodological Issues	p. 78
Generalized-Yule and Log-Quadratic Models	p. 83
Logistic and Gompertz Models	p. 86
Theoretical Implications	p. 90
Interactions Between Subpopulations	p. 98
Multi-Population Models	p. 99
Empirical Results	p. 101
Density and Organizational Mortality	p. 116
Prior Research	p. 119
Results	p. 121
Controls for Size and Total Mass	p. 127
Implications of Unobserved Heterogeneity	p. 131
Theoretical Implications	p. 138
Complications	p. 143
Levels of Analysis	p. 145
Apparent Reversals	p. 156
Left-truncated Observation Schemes	p. 163
Population Trajectories	p. 168
Simulation Methods	p. 170
Simulating Historical Trajectories	p. 174
Density Dependence	p. 179
Discussion	p. 185
Implications for Social Organization	p. 188
Extending the Theory	p. 190
Issues of Microfoundations	p. 194
Applications to Other Types of Problems	p. 200
Designs of Empirical Studies	p. 207
Labor Unions	p. 209
Newspapers and Newspaper Publishers	p. 215
Brewing Firms	p. 220
Banks	p. 224
Life Insurance Companies	p. 228
Methods of Analysis	p. 232
Event Data and Stochastic Models of Vital Rates	p. 232
Analysis of Organizational Founding Rates	p. 235
Analysis of Rates of Organizational Mortality	p. 244
Simulation Program	p. 248
References	p. 261
Name Index	p. 279
Subject Index	p. 283
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Dynamics of Organizational Populations Density, Legitimation, and Competition

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