The Economics of Climate Change in China

China faces many modernization challenges. But perhaps none is more pressing than that posed by climate change. China must find a new economic growth model that is simultaneously environmentally sustainable, can free it from its dependency on fossil fuels, and lift living standards for the majority of its population. But what does such model look like? And how can China best make the transition from its present macro-economic structure to a low-carbon future? This ground-breaking economic study, led by the Stockholm Environment Institute and the Chinese Economists 50 Forum, brings together leading international thinkers in economics, climate change, and development, to tackle some of the most challenging issues relating to China's low-carbon development. This study maps out a deep carbon reduction scenario and analyses economic policies that shift carbon use, and shows how China can take strong and decisive action to make deep reductions in carbon emission over the next 40 years while maintaining high economic growth and minimising adverse effects of a low-carbon transition. Moreover, these reductions can be achieved within the finite global carbon budget for greenhouse gas emissions, as determined by the hard constraints of climate science. Researchers and economists introduce a number of proposals, including: * international burden-sharing frameworks for emission reductions; * international cooperative mechanisms for providing technological and financial assistance to developing countries; * measures to decouple China's emissions from economic growth; and * domestic and international economic instruments that create market incentives to reduce emissions. The authors make the compelling case that a transition to a low-carbon economy is an essential part of China's development and modernisation. Such a transformation would also present opportunities for China to improve its energy security and move its economy higher up the international value chain. They argue that even in these difficult economic times, climate change action may present more opportunities than costs. Such a transformation, for China and the rest of the world, will not be easy. But it is possible, necessary and worthwhile to pursue.

Fan Gang is Director of National Economics Research Institute, China Reform Foundation, Professor at the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). Nicholas Stem is IG Patel Professor of Economics and Government at the London School of Economics. Ottmar Edenhofer is Professor of the Economics of Climate Change at the Technical University Berlin; Co-Chair of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Xu Shanda is a senior Chinese economist and has held a range of high-level roles with China's State Administration of Taxation (SAT) and the Ministry of Finance, most recently as Deputy Director of SAT. Klas Eklund is Senior Economist at Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken (SEB) and Adjunct Professor of Economics at the University of Lund. Frank Ackerman is Director of the Climate Economics Group at the SEI US Centre. Li Lailai is Director of the SEI Asia Centre. Karl Hallding is head of SEI's China Cluster.