Education as Social Action Knowledge,

Education plays a very important role in breaking the cycle of poverty and increasing opportunity and various social movements provide educational opportunities to communities and social groups that might otherwise be excluded, filling the gap left by the state. This book critically examines the origin and outcome of social action for education in different parts of the world.

Ashok Swain is Associate Professor and Director of the Programme of International Studies, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Sweden.

Foreword

viii

Acknowledgements

x

Contributors

xii

Acronyms

xiii

Introduction: Knowledge, Identity and Power -- Education Movements in the Global South

1

(19)

Education: Source of knowledge; manufacturer of identity

1

(3)

Global initiative on education

4

(4)

Working together with civil society

8

(2)

Social movements for education: Origin and organization

10

(4)

Organization of the book

14

(6)

Food for Starved Minds: The Mobilization of African-Americans for Education

20

(32)

Why mobilize for education?

21

(4)

African-American communities mobilizing for education: A recurring phenomenon

25

(16)

Contemporary mobilizations for education in African-American communities

41

(8)

Conclusion

49

(2)

Epilogue

51

(1)

Education Movements, Power and Identity in Bosnia and Herzegovina

52

(23)

Communal identity and education in Bosnia and Herzegovina

53

(8)

Private education in Bosnia and Herzegovina

61

(12)

Conclusion

73

(2)

Universal Elementary Education in India: An Exploratory Study of Movements in Civil Society

75

(30)

Analysing social movements in India

76

(4)

State failure in providing UEE: A background

80

(7)

Changing social attitudes and movements/initiatives in civil society for UEE

87

(3)

National Alliance for Fundamental Elementary Education (NAFRE)

90

(3)

NGOs in partnership with the state

93

(4)

Alternative private initiatives

97

(4)

Conclusion

101

(4)

Muslim Madrasas in Contemporary South Asia

105

(27)

The origins of the madrasa in Muslim society

106

(1)

Madrasa education in South Asia

107

(4)

Madrasas in present-day South Asia

111

(3)

Islamic education in South Asia today

114

(6)

Student life at traditional madrasas

120

(1)

Management of the madrasa

121

(2)

Government-assisted madrasas

123

(1)

Changes in the madrasa system

124

(3)

Madrasas for girls: A new development

127

(2)

Conclusion

129

(3)

Education among Indigenous Peoples from Colombia and Peru: Social Movement or Public Policy?

132

(27)

Educational policies and indigenous peoples

134

(2)

The state of basic education in Colombia and Peru

136

(1)

The indigenous peoples of Peru and Colombia

137

(3)

Land reform in Peru and Colombia

140

(3)

Peasant and indigenous mobilization

143

(1)

Indigenous mobilization in Colombia since the 1960s

144

(4)

The indigenous movement in Peru since the 1960s

148

(3)

Education policies for indigenous peoples in Colombia

151

(1)

Educational policy for indigenous peoples in Peru

152

(2)

Conclusion

154

(1)

Appendix: Indigenous organizations

155

(4)

Education as an Agenda of Social Action in Malaysia: The Search for Unity in a Plural Society

159

(19)

Pre-independence plural educational system

161

(4)

Educational Policy Adjustment in the Days Leading to Independence

165

(2)

Education as social action: Creating national unity

167

(2)

The New Economic Policy (NEP)

169

(2)

Continuing the search for national unity: The vision school and the English language debate

171

(4)

Conclusion

175

(3)

Social Movements and the ``Education Revolution'' in Postapartheid South Africa

178

(27)

Education, power and identity

179

(1)

How ``South'' is South Africa?

180

(2)

Future imperfect: Social movements and Bantu education policy

182

(4)

Soweto, politicization and people's education

186

(2)

The landscape of social movements in the postapartheid moment

188

(3)

Past present: The consequences of apartheid-era education

191

(2)

Postapartheid reforms

193

(4)

Back to the future? A provisional assessment

197

(1)

Future imperfect: Social movements new and old

198

(5)

Conclusion

203

(2)

Conclusion: Social Action for Education, the State and the Global Network

205

(10)

Significance of the state

209

(2)

Global network

211

(2)

Formulating the policy well

213

(2)

Notes

215

(12)

References

227

(15)

Index

242

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Education as Social Action Knowledge, Identity and Power

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials