Electromagnetic Compatibility: Principles and

This totally revised and expanded reference/text provides comprehensive, single-source coverage of the design, problem solving, and specifications of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) into electrical equipment/systems-including new information on basic theories, applications, evaluations, prediction techniques, and practical diagnostic options for preventing EMI through cost-effective solutions. Offers the most recent guidelines, safety limits, and standards for human exposure to electromagnetic fields! Containing updated data on EMI diagnostic verification measurements, as well as over 900 drawings, photographs, tables, and equations-500 more than the previous edition-Electromagnetic Compatibility: Principles and Applications, Second Edition:

David A. Weston is an EMC consultant and Certified National Association of Radio and Telecommunications Engineers (NARTE) EMC engineer at EMC Consulting Inc., Merrickville, Ontario, Canada

Preface

iii

Introduction to EMI and the Electromagnetic Environment

1

(18)

Introduction to electromagnetic interference (EMI)

1

(3)

Introduction to electromagnetic interference regulations

4

(1)

Electromagnetic environment

5

(14)

References

17

(2)

Introduction to E and H, Near and Far Fields, Radiators, Receptors, and Antennas

19

(76)

Static and quasi-static fields

20

(6)

Electric waves on wires and in free space

26

(16)

Radiated power

42

(3)

Units of measurement

45

(1)

Receiving properties of an antenna

46

(16)

Simple, easily constructed E and H field antennas

62

(13)

Nonionizing electromagnetic field exposure safety limits

75

(9)

Computer programs

84

(11)

References

93

(2)

Typical Sources and Characteristics of Radiated and Conducted Emissions

95

(26)

Introduction to noise sources

95

(11)

Fourier transform methods and computer programs

106

(1)

Noise levels generated by dc-to-dc converters

107

(11)

Transmitter-generated noise

118

(3)

References

119

(2)

Crosstalk and Electromagnetic Coupling Between PCB Tracks, Wires, and Cables

121

(50)

Introduction to crosstalk and electromagnetic coupling

121

(2)

Capacitive crosstalk and electric field coupling between wires and cables

123

(8)

Inductive crosstalk and magnetic field coupling between wires and cables

131

(10)

Combined inductive and capacitive crosstalk

141

(30)

References

169

(2)

Components, Emission Reduction Techniques, and Noise Immunity

171

(112)

Components

171

(57)

Emission reduction techniques

228

(4)

Noise immunity

232

(37)

Transient protection

269

(14)

Addresses of manufacturers mentioned in this Chapter

281

(1)

References

282

(1)

Electromagnetic Shielding

283

(74)

Reflection, absorption, and shielding effectiveness

283

(6)

Shielding effectiveness

289

(8)

New shielding materials: conductive paints and thermoplastics, plastic coatings, and glue

297

(7)

Seams, joints, ventilation, and other apertures

304

(24)

Gasketing theory, gasket transfer impedance, gasket type, and surface finish

328

(20)

practical shielding and limitation on effectiveness

348

(1)

Compartmentalization

349

(1)

Shielding effectiveness of buildings

349

(3)

Computer program for evaluating shielding effectiveness

352

(5)

References

354

(3)

Cable Shielding, Coupling from E and H Fields, and Cable Emissions

357

(76)

Introduction to cable coupling and emissions

357

(1)

Cable shielding effectiveness/transfer impedance

357

(28)

Shield termination effects on transferred voltage

385

(2)

Coupling from E and H Fields

387

(11)

Shield termination

398

(5)

Emissions from cables and wires

403

(12)

Reduction in the emissions of E and H fields from cables

415

(1)

Shielded connectors, backshells, and other shield termination techniques

415

(11)

Practical level of shielding required to meet MIL-STD/DO-160C or commercial radiated emission requirements

426

(7)

References

430

(3)

Grounding and Bonding

433

(44)

Introduction to grounding

433

(1)

Safety grounds, earth grounds, and large-system grounding

434

(9)

Signal ground and power ground

443

(10)

Guidelines for signal grounding

453

(1)

Power and grounding diagrams

454

(1)

Grounding for lightning protection

454

(11)

Bonding

465

(12)

References

476

(1)

EMI Measurements, Control Requirements, and Test Methods

477

(162)

Introduction

477

(1)

Test equipment

478

(17)

Diagnostic measurements

495

(7)

Commercial EMI requirements and measurement

502

(65)

Shielded rooms, anechoic chambers, transmission lines, and cell antennas

567

(22)

Military EMI requirements and measurement techniques

589

(46)

RTCA/DO-160 requirements

635

(4)

References

638

(1)

Systems EMC and Antenna Coupling

639

(44)

System-level EMC

639

(9)

Antenna-coupled EMI

648

(23)

Ambient site predictions and surveys

671

(7)

Coupling into HV ac line from HF phased-array radar

678

(5)

References

681

(2)

Printed Circuit Boards

683

(66)

Introduction

683

(1)

Principles of radiation from printed circuit boards

683

(2)

Low-level radiation PCB layout

685

(20)

Comparison of logic types

705

(5)

Circuit-level reduction techniques

710

(4)

PCB grounding

714

(10)

Shielding a printed circuit board

724

(5)

PCB radiation, crosstalk prediction, and CAD programs

729

(8)

PCB layout case studies

737

(9)

Increased printed circuit board immunity

746

(3)

References

747

(2)

EMI and EMC Control, Case Studies, EMC Prediction Techniques, and Computational Electromagnetic Modeling

749

(64)

EMC control

749

(4)

EMI investigations

753

(9)

EMC predictions: general approach

762

(24)

EMC, computational electromagnetic modeling, and field solver computer programs

786

(27)

References

812

(1)

Appendix 1 Characteristic Impedance of Conductors, Wires, and Cables

813

(4)

Appendix 2 Units and Conversion Factors

817

(2)

Appendix 3 Electric Field Strength to Magnetic Field to Power Density Conversions

819

(2)

Appendix 4 Commonly Used Related Formulas

821

(4)

Appendix 5 Data on Bare Solid Copper Wire (Dimensions, Weight, and Resistance)

825

(2)

Index

827

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Electromagnetic Compatibility: Principles and Applications, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials