Electromagnetics For Engineers

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ISBN: 9780131497245 | 0131497243
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 12/15/2004

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For courses in Electromagnetics offered in Electrical Engineering departments and Applied Physics. Designed specifically for a one-semester EM course covering both statics and dynamics, the book uses a number of tools to facilitate understanding of EM concepts and to demonstrate their relevance to modern technology. Technology Briefs provide overviews of both fundamental and sophisticated technologies, including the basic operation of an electromagnet in magnetic recording, the invention of the laser, and how EM laws underlie the operation of many types of sensors, bar code readers,GPS,communication satellites, and X-Ray tomography, among others.A CD-ROM packed with video presentations and solved problems accompanies the text.

Preface

xiii

1 Introduction

(20)

1-1 Historical Timeline

(2)

1-1.1 EM In the Classical Era

(1)

1-1.2 EM in the Modern Era

(1)

1-2 Dimensions, Units, and Notation

(7)

1-3 The Nature of EM

(6)

1-3.1 The Gravitational Force: A Useful Analogue

(1)

1-3.2 Electric Fields

(2)

1-3.3 Magnetic Fields

(2)

1-3.4 Static and Dynamic Fields

(1)

1-4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum

(4)

2 Vector Algebra

(26)

2-1 Basic Laws of Vector Algebra

(7)

2-1.1 Equality of Two Vectors

(1)

2-1.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction

(1)

2-1.3 Position and Distance Vectors

(1)

2-1.4 Vector Multiplication

(3)

2-1.5 Scalar and Vector Triple Products

(1)

2-2 Orthogonal Coordinate Systems

(7)

2-2.1 Cartesian Coordinates

(1)

2-2.2 Cylindrical Coordinates

(4)

2-2.3 Spherical Coordinates

(2)

2-3 Transformations between Coordinate Systems

(7)

2-3.1 Cartesian to Cylindrical Transformations

(2)

2-3.2 Cartesian to Spherical Transformations

(2)

2-3.3 Cylindrical to Spherical Transformations

(1)

2-3.4 Distance between Two Points

(3)

Problems

(4)

3 Vector Calculus

(18)

3-1 Gradient of a Scalar Field

(4)

3-1.1 Gradient Operator in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates

(1)

3-1.2 Properties of the Gradient Operator

(2)

3-2 Divergence of a Vector Field

(5)

3-2.1 Divergence Theorem

(3)

3-3 Curl of a Vector Field

(3)

3-3.1 Vector Identities Involving the Curl

(1)

3-3.2 Stokes's Theorem

(1)

3-4 Laplacian Operator

(2)

Problems

(3)

4 Electrostatics

(52)

4-1 Maxwell's Equations

(1)

4-2 Charge and Current Distributions

(3)

4-2.1 Charge Densities

(2)

4-2.2 Current Density

(1)

4-3 Coulomb's Law

(5)

4-3.1 Electric Field due to Multiple Point Charges

(1)

4-3.2 Electric Field due to a Charge Distribution

(3)

4-4 Gauss's Law

(3)

4-5 Electric Scalar Potential

(5)

4-5.1 Electric Potential as a Function of Electric Field

(2)

4-5.2 Electric Potential due to Point Charges

(1)

4-5.3 Electric Potential due to Continuous Distributions

(1)

4-5.4 Electric Field as a Function of Electric Potential

(1)

4-5.5 Poisson's Equation

(1)

4-6 Electrical Properties of Materials

(1)

4-7 Conductors

(4)

4-7.1 Resistance

(1)

4-7.2 Joule's Law

(1)

4-8 Dielectrics

(5)

4-9 Electric Boundary Conditions

(65)

4-9.1 Dielectric-Conductor Boundary

(1)

4-9.2 Conductor-Conductor Boundary

(1)

4-10 Capacitance

(5)

4-11 Electrostatic Potential Energy

104

(1)

4-12 Image Method

105

(5)

Problems

110

(8)

5 Magnetostatics

118

(50)

5-1 Magnetic Forces and Torques

119

(8)

5-1.1 Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor

121

(3)

5-1.2 Magnetic Torque on a Current-Carrying Loop

124

(3)

5-2 The Biot-Savart Law

127

(5)

5-2.1 Magnetic Field due to Surface and Volume Current Distributions

128

(3)

5-2.2 Magnetic Field of a Magnetic Dipole

131

(1)

5-3 Magnetic Force between Two Parallel Conductors

132

(1)

5-4 Maxwell's Magnetostatic Equations

133

(6)

5-4.1 Gauss's Law for Magnetism

134

(1)

5-4.2 Ampere's Law

134

(5)

5-5 Vector Magnetic Potential

139

(1)

5-6 Magnetic Properties of Materials

140

(7)

5-6.1 Orbital and Spin Magnetic Moments

141

(3)

5-6.2 Magnetic Permeability

144

(1)

5-6.3 Magnetic Hysteresis of Ferromagnetic Materials

145

(2)

5-7 Magnetic Boundary Conditions

147

(2)

5-8 Inductance

149

(8)

5-8.1 Magnetic Field in a Solenoid

149

(3)

5-8.2 Self-inductance

152

(4)

5-8.3 Mutual Inductance

156

(1)

5-9 Magnetic Energy

157

(2)

Problems

159

(9)

6 Maxwell's Equations for Time-Varying Fields

168

(28)

6-1 Faraday's Law

169

(2)

6-2 Stationary Loop in a Time-Varying Magnetic Field

171

(4)

6-3 The Ideal Transformer

175

(1)

6-4 Moving Conductor in a Static Magnetic Field

176

(4)

6-5 The Electromagnetic Generator

180

(2)

6-6 Moving Conductor in a Time-Varying Magnetic Field

182

(1)

6-7 Displacement Current

182

(3)

6-8 Boundary Conditions for Electromagnetics

185

(3)

6-9 Charge-Current Continuity Relation

188

(1)

6-10 Electromagnetic Potentials

189

(1)

Problems

190

(6)

7 Plane-Wave Propagation

196

(48)

7-1 Review of Waves and Phasors

197

(12)

7-1.1 Sinusoidal Wave in a Lossless Medium

198

(3)

7-1.2 Sinusoidal Wave in a Lossy Medium

201

(2)

7-1.3 Review of Complex Numbers

203

(2)

7-1.4 Review of Phasors

205

(4)

7-2 Time-Harmonic Fields

209

(2)

7-2.1 Complex Permittivity

210

(1)

7-2.2 Wave Equations for a Charge-Free Medium

210

(1)

7-3 Plane-Wave Propagation in Lossless Media

211

(5)

7-3.1 Uniform Plane Waves

211

(4)

7-3.2 General Relation between E and H

215

(1)

7-4 Wave Polarization

216

(9)

7-4.1 Linear Polarization

217

(1)

7-4.2 Circular Polarization

218

(2)

7-4.3 Elliptical Polarization

220

(5)

7-5 Plane-Wave Propagation in Lossy Media

225

(4)

7-5.1 Low-Loss Dielectric

227

(1)

7-5.2 Good Conductor

227

(2)

7-6 Current Flow in a Good Conductor

229

(3)

7-7 Electromagnetic Power Density

232

(5)

7-7.1 Plane Wave in a Lossless Medium

233

(1)

7-7.2 Plane Wave in a Lossy Medium

234

(1)

7-7.3 Decibel Scale for Power Ratios

235

(2)

Problems

237

(7)

8 Transmission Lines

244

(66)

8-1 General Considerations

245

(3)

8-1.1 The Role of Wavelength

245

(2)

8-1.2 Propagation Modes

247

(1)

8-2 Lumped-Element Model

248

(5)

8-3 Transmission-Line Equations

253

(1)

8-4 Wave Propagation on a Transmission Line

254

(3)

8-5 The Lossless Transmission Line

257

(8)

8-5.1 Voltage Reflection Coefficient

258

(3)

8-5.2 Standing Waves

261

(4)

8-6 Input Impedance of the Lossless Line

265

(3)

8-7 Special Cases of the Lossless Line

268

(8)

8-7.1 Short-Circuited Line

268

(2)

8-7.2 Open-Circuited Line

270

(1)

8-7.3 Application of Short-Circuit and Open-Circuit Measurements

270

(4)

8-7.4 Lines of Length 1 = nλ/2

274

(1)

8-7.5 Quarter-Wave Transformer

274

(1)

8-7.6 Matched Transmission Line: ZL = Z0

274

(2)

8-8 Power Flow on a Lossless Transmission Line

276

(1)

8-9 The Smith Chart

277

(14)

8-9.1 Parametric Equations

277

(5)

8-9.2 Input Impedance

282

(2)

8-9.3 SWR, Voltage Maxima and Minima

284

(1)

8-9.4 Impedance to Admittance Transformations

285

(6)

8-10 Impedance Matching

291

(4)

8-11 Transients on Transmission Lines

295

(7)

8-11.1 Transient Response

295

(4)

8-11.2 Bounce Diagrams

299

(3)

Problems

302

(8)

9 Wave Reflection and Transmission

310

(36)

9-1 Wave Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence

312

(9)

9-1.1 Boundary between Lossless Media

312

(3)

9-1.2 Transmission-Line Analogue

315

(1)

9-1.3 Power Flow in Lossless Media

316

(3)

9-1.4 Boundary between Lossy Media

319

(2)

9-2 Snell's Laws

321

(3)

9-3 Fiber Optics

324

(2)

9-4 Wave Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence

326

(10)

9-4.1 Perpendicular Polarization

327

(4)

9-4.2 Parallel Polarization

331

(2)

9-4.3 Brewster Angle

333

(3)

9-5 Reflectivity and Transmissivity

336

(5)

Problems

341

(5)

10 Radiation and Antennas

346

(31)

10-1 Retarded Potentials

349

(2)

10-1.1 Time-Harmonic Potentials

350

(1)

10-2 The Short Dipole

351

(4)

10-2.1 Far-Field Approximation

353

(1)

10-2.2 Power Density

353

(2)

10-3 Antenna Radiation Characteristics

355

(8)

10-3.1 Antenna Pattern

356

(1)

10-3.2 Beam Dimensions

357

(2)

10-3.3 Antenna Directivity

359

(2)

10-3.4 Antenna Gain

361

(1)

10-3.5 Radiation Resistance

361

(2)

10-4 Half-Wave Dipole Antenna

363

(3)

10-4.1 Directivity of λ/2 Dipole

365

(1)

10-4.2 Radiation Resistance of λ/2 Dipole

365

(1)

10-4.3 Quarter-Wave Monopole Antenna

365

(1)

10-5 Effective Area of a Receiving Antenna

366

(4)

10-6 Friis Transmission Formula

370

(4)

Problems

374

(3)

A Symbols, Quantities, and Units

377

(2)

B Material Constants of Some Common Materials

379

(2)

C Mathematical Formulas

381

(2)

D Answers to Selected Problems

383

(6)

Bibliography

389

(2)

Index

391

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Electromagnetics For Engineers

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials