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- ISBN: 9780199651528 | 0199651523
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 7/26/2012
This book is a reissue of a classic Oxford text, and provides a comprehensive treatment of electron paramagnetic resonance of ions of the transition groups. The emphasis is on basic principles, with numerous references to publications containing further experimental results and more detailed developments of the theory. An introductory survey gives a general understanding, and a general survey presents such topics as the classical and quantum resonance equations, thespin-Hamiltonian, Endor, spin-spin and spin-lattice interactions, together with an outline of the known behaviour of ions of each of the five transition groups, at the experimentalist's level. Finally a theoretical survey, using group theory and symmetry properties, discusses the fundamentals of the theory ofparamagnetism.
Preliminary Survey | |
Introduction to Electron Paramagnetic Resonance | |
Electronic and nuclear magnetic dipole moments | p. 1 |
Hyperfine structure in a free atom or ion | p. 5 |
Magnetic resonance | p. 9 |
Effective spin and anisotropy | p. 10 |
'Initial splittings' or 'fine structure' | p. 16 |
Magnetic hyperfine structure | p. 25 |
Hyperfine structure including nuclear electric quadrupole interaction | p. 31 |
A simple example | p. 33 |
Transition group ions and ligand fields | p. 39 |
Spin-spin interaction | p. 52 |
Spin-lattice interaction | p. 60 |
Dynamic nuclear orientation | p. 74 |
Endor | p. 87 |
Experimental aspects | p. 92 |
General Survey | |
The Resonance Phenomenon | |
Use of rotating coordinates | p. 95 |
Magnetic resonance | p. 96 |
Quantum-mechanical analysis | p. 98 |
Magnetic resonance in aggregated systems | p. 102 |
Adiabatic rapid passage | p. 104 |
Relaxation effects | p. 108 |
Radio-frequency pulses and spin-echoes | p. 113 |
Solution of the macroscopic equations for slow passage | p. 115 |
Intensity and line width | p. 119 |
Spectrometer sensitivity | p. 125 |
The Spin Hamiltonian and the Spectrum | |
The spin Hamiltonian | p. 133 |
The effect of anisotropy in the g-factor | p. 135 |
Multipole fine structure | p. 139 |
Fine structure in cubic fields (S = &frac52;, &frac72;) | p. 142 |
Electronic 'quadrupole' fine structure (S = 1, &frac32;) | p. 151 |
Electronic 'quadrupole' fine structure in a strong magnetic field | p. 156 |
Hyperfine structure I-introductory remarks | p. 163 |
Hyperfine structure II-strong external field | p. 167 |
Hyperfine structure III-nuclear electric quadrupole interaction | p. 178 |
'Forbidden' hyperfine transitions | p. 186 |
Ligand hyperfine structure | p. 192 |
The spectrum of a powder | p. 200 |
Effects of crystal imperfections | p. 205 |
Weak-field Zeeman interaction for non-Kramers ions | p. 209 |
Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance (Endor) | |
Introduction | p. 217 |
The Endor spectrum | p. 223 |
Enhancement of the nuclear transition probability | p. 228 |
Endor on donors in silicon | p. 234 |
Endor on donors in silicon-relaxation effects | p. 239 |
Relaxation effects in Endor-general | p. 243 |
The hyperfine structure of europium | p. 251 |
The Endor spectrum of Nd3+ in LaCl3 | p. 255 |
Endor measurements of ligand hyperfine structure | p. 259 |
Endor line widths | p. 264 |
'Indirect' observation of Endor transitions | p. 272 |
Summary | p. 274 |
The Lanthanide (4f) Group | |
Lanthanide compounds | p. 271 |
The free ions | p. 282 |
Crystalline field theory-C3h symmetry | p. 285 |
Magnetic hyperfine structure | p. 296 |
Nuclear electric quadrupole interaction | p. 301 |
Experimental results for ethylsulphates and anhydrous chlorides | p. 303 |
Experimental results for the double nitrates, Ln2Mg3(NO3)12 24H2O | p. 320 |
Lanthanide ions in cubic symmetry | p. 325 |
Ions with a half-filled 4f-shell, 4f7, 8S7\2, Eu2, Gd3+ Tb4+ | p. 335 |
Higher-order terms in the spin Hamiltonian | p. 341 |
The Actinide (5f) Group | |
Ions and compounds of the actinide group | p. 346 |
Tripositive actinide ions | p. 348 |
Actinide ions in CaF2 | p. 350 |
Actinide ions in octahedral symmetry | p. 354 |
Neptunyl and plutonyl ions | p. 359 |
Ions of the 3d Group in Intermediate Ligand Fields | |
Introduction | p. 365 |
The intermediate crystal field approach | p. 372 |
The strong crystal field approach | p. 377 |
The effects of bonding | p. 392 |
The electronic spin Hamiltonian | p. 398 |
Magnetic hyperfine interaction | p. 406 |
Nuclear electric quadrupole and nuclear Zeeman interaction | p. 414 |
3d1. Ti3+ in an octahedral field. 2D, L = 2, S = ½ | p. 417 |
3d2. V3+, Cr4+ in an octahedral field. 43F, L = 3, S = 1 | p. 426 |
3d3. V2+, Cr3+ Mn4+ in an octahedral field. 4F, L = 3, S = &frac32; | p. 430 |
3d4. Cr2+ in an octahedral field. 5D, L = 2, S = 2 | p. 434 |
3d5. Cr+, Mn2+ Fe3+ in an octahedral field. 6S, L = 0, S = &frac52; | p. 436 |
3d6. Fe2+ in an octahedral field. 5D, L = 2, S = 2 | p. 443 |
3d7. Fe+ Co2+, Ni3+ in an octahedral field. 4F, L = 3, S = &frac32; | p. 446 |
3d8. Co+, Ni2+, Cu3+ in an octahedral field. 3F, L = 3, S = 1 | p. 449 |
3d9. Ni+, Cu2+ in an octahedral field. 2D, L = 2, S = ½ | p. 455 |
3d ions in tetrahedral symmetry | p. 467 |
Ions of the d-Groups in Strong Ligand Fields | |
The ions and their compounds | p. 472 |
The strong ligand field octahedral complex | p. 476 |
Hyperfine interaction | p. 478 |
d1 in strong octahedral field; (d¿)1, (t2), S = ½ | p. 478 |
d2 in strong octahedral field; (d¿) 2, (t2)2 S = 1 | p. 479 |
d3 in strong octahedral field; (d¿)3, (t2)3, S = &frac32; | p. 479 |
d4 in strong octahedral field; (d¿)4, (t2)4, S = 1 | p. 480 |
d5 in strong octahedral field; (d¿)5, (t2)5, S = ½ | p. 481 |
d6 in strong octahedral field; (d¿) 6, (t2)6, S = 0 | p. 486 |
d7 in strong octahedral field; (d¿)6 (d¿), (t2)6e, S = ½ | p. 486 |
d8 in strong octahedral field; (d¿)6 (d¿)2, (t2)2e2, S = 1 | p. 487 |
d9 in strong octahedral field; (d¿)6 (d¿)3, (t2)6e3, S = ½ | p. 487 |
d1 in cubic (eightfold) coordination | p. 490 |
Spin-Spin Interaction | |
Introduction | p. 491 |
Magnetic dipole-dipole interaction | p. 492 |
Exchange interaction | p. 495 |
Multipole interactions | p. 499 |
Interaction between a pair of similar ions | p. 502 |
Interaction between a pair of dissimilar ions | p. 509 |
Line broadening by spin-spin interaction | p. 514 |
Line shape due to dipolar spin-spin interaction | p. 521 |
Effect of exchange interaction on line shape | p. 527 |
Magnetic dilution, and the spectra of pairs | p. 529 |
Temperature-dependent effects | p. 535 |
Spin-Phonon Interaction | |
The attainment of thermal equilibrium | p. 541 |
The phonon radiation bath | p. 547 |
Spin-lattice relaxation by phonons-Waller processes | p. 551 |
Spin-lattice relaxation by modulation of the ligand field | p. 557 |
Summary and comparison with experiment | p. 565 |
The phonon 'bottle-neck' and phonon 'avalanche' | p. 574 |
Theoretical Survey | |
The Electronic Zeeman Interaction | |
The interaction between electrons and a magnetic field | p. 585 |
The Zeeman effect in a free atom (or ion) | p. 586 |
LS-coupling and the Landé formula | p. 587 |
Self-consistent field configurations | p. 589 |
Spin-orbit coupling | p. 592 |
Matrix elements between Slater determinants | p. 593 |
Introduction of the crystal field | p. 595 |
Gboup Theory-An Outline | |
In variance and degeneracy | p. 601 |
Linear representations, equivalence, and irreducibility | p. 602 |
Orthogonality relations, characters, and classes | p. 603 |
Reduction of a representation and calculation of the characters | p. 605 |
Splitting of a degenerate level by a perturbation of lower symmetry | p. 607 |
The direct product of two representations | p. 611 |
Group Theory-The Rotation Group | |
Angular momentum | p. 615 |
The irreducible representations | p. 617 |
The coupling of angular momenta | p. 620 |
Multiple vector coupling and Racah symbols | p. 622 |
Irreducible tensor operators, the Wigner-Eckart theorem, and equivalent operators | p. 624 |
The Cubic Group and Some Other Groups | |
The cubic group | p. 629 |
The fictitious angular momentum | p. 632 |
The multiplets ¿4 and ¿5 in trigonal axes | p. 633 |
The double cubic group | p. 634 |
Groups of lower symmetry | p. 638 |
Improper rotations | p. 640 |
Time Reversal and Kramers Degeneracy | |
Operations involving the time | p. 643 |
Complex conjugation | p. 644 |
Determination of the time reversal operator | p. 646 |
Kramers degeneracy | p. 647 |
Time-reversal operator in the J, M> representation | p. 649 |
The 'Spin Hamiltonian' for a Kramers doublet | p. 650 |
The rhombic group | p. 654 |
Threefold symmetry | p. 654 |
Selection rules related to time-reversal | p. 656 |
The effect of an applied electric field on a paramagnetic ion | p. 659 |
Elementary Theory of the Crystal Field | |
The crystal field (or crystal potential) | p. 665 |
Equivalent operators | p. 670 |
Off-diagonal matrix elements of the crystal field | p. 676 |
The electronic Zeeman interaction | p. 677 |
Electron spin-spin interactions | p. 678 |
Hyperfine Structure | |
Electrostatic hyperfine interactions | p. 680 |
Magnetic hyperfine interactions | p. 687 |
Alternative derivation of the magnetic hyperfine interaction | p. 690 |
Equivalent operators for the magnetic hyperfine interaction | p. 692 |
The effect of s-electrons: configuration interaction | p. 695 |
The effect of s-electrons: core polarization | p. 702 |
Finer effects in the theory of hyperfine structure | p. 706 |
Ions in a Weak Crystal Field (f Electrons) | |
Kramers ions in a weak crystal field | p. 713 |
Rare-earth ions in cubic symmetry | p. 719 |
The quadruplet ¿8 | p. 721 |
Representation of an irreducible tensor within the quadruplet ¿8-quadrupole coupling | p. 731 |
Non-Kramers ions in the rare-earth group | p. 732 |
Non-Kramers rare-earth ions in cubic surroundings | p. 739 |
Intermediate Crystal Fields (The Iron Group) | |
Effect of the cubic crystal potential | p. 742 |
'Singlet' orbital ground state (ions of type A) | p. 745 |
Triplet orbital ground state (ions of type B) | p. 751 |
Departures from cubic symmetry | p. 755 |
The influence of excited terms | p. 758 |
The Effects Of Covalent Bonding | |
Summary of the foregoing theory | p. 761 |
The molecular orbitals model for covalent bonding | p. 762 |
Bonding and anti-bonding orbitals, overlap, and covalency | p. 764 |
The ground states in weakly covalent compounds | p. 767 |
Orbital momentum and spin-orbit coupling in the presence of covalent bonding | p. 773 |
Ligand hyperfine structure for ions of type A | p. 777 |
Orbital singlets: correction terms for the ligand hyperfine structure | p. 781 |
Ligand hyperfine structure for ions of type B | p. 784 |
Ligand quadrupole hyperfine structure | p. 788 |
The Jahn-Teller Effect in Paramagnetic Resonance | |
Introduction | p. 79$ |
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation and the Jahn-Teller theorem | p. 79$ |
The magnetic properties of a 2E level | p. 79$ |
The static Jahn-Teller effect in a 2E state | p. 80$ |
Dynamic features of the static Jahn-Teller effect | p. 80$ |
The dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in a 2E state | p. 80$ |
Motional narrowing of the Jahn-Teller spectrum | p. 82$ |
Comparison with experiment | p. 832 |
The Jahn-Teller effect in a triplet state | p. 835 |
The Jahn-Teller effect in an orbital triplet with ¿3 coupling | p. 835 |
The Jahn-Teller effect in an orbital triplet with ¿5 coupling | p. 841 |
Comparison with experiment | p. 846 |
Thermal and magnetic properties of a paramagnetic substance | p. 848 |
Tables 1 to 26 | p. 856 |
Bibliography | p. 879 |
Author Index | p. 893 |
Subject Index | p. 898 |
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