Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes,

This best-selling book prepares readers to formulate and solve material and energy balances in chemical process systems. It provides a realistic, informative, and positive introduction to the practice of chemical engineering. Includes a CD-ROM which contains interactive instructional tutorials, an encyclopedia of chemical process equipment, a physical property database, a powerful but user friendly algebraic and differential equation-solving program, and other tools.

Richard M. Felder is Hoechst Celanses Professor Emeritus of Chemical Engineering at North Carolina State University. He has authored or coauthored over 200 papers on chemical process engineering and engineering education and presented hundreds of seminars, workshops, and short courses in both categories to industrial and research institutions and universities throughout the United States and abroad. Since 1991 he has co-directed the National Effective Teaching Institute Under the auspices of the Ameican Society for Engineering Education. He is a Fellow of the American Society for Engineering Education. Many of his publications can be found at www.ncsu.edu/effective_teaching

Ronald W. Rousseau Hoechst the Cecil J. "Pete" Silas Endowed chair and also chairs the School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. In addition to his Commitment to undergraduate education, he has been an active researcher in the field of separation science and technology, focusing his attention on crystallization science and technology among other topics. He is a Fellow of both AIChE and the American Association for the Advancement of Science and has served as chair of the Council for Chemical Research, Member of the Board of Directors of AIChE, and chair of the AIChE publication Committee.

Drs. Felder and Rousseau have won numerous awards for their contributions to engineering research and education, and were recipients of the 2002 Warren K. Lewis Award for Contributions to Chemical Engineering Education from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

Preface to the Third Edition

ix

Notes to Instructors

xii

Interactive Chemical Process Principles

xiv

Nomenclature

xvii

Glossary

xxi

PART 1 ENGINEERING PROBLEM ANALYSIS

1

(80)

What Some Chemical Engineers Do for a Living

3

(4)

Introduction to Engineering Calculations

7

(35)

Instructional Objectives

7

(1)

Units and Dimensions

8

(1)

Conversion of Units

9

(1)

Systems of Units

10

(2)

Force and Weight

12

(1)

Numerical Calculation and Estimation

13

(7)

Dimensional Homogeneity and Dimensionless Quantities

20

(2)

Process Data Representation and Analysis

22

(8)

Summary

30

(12)

Problems

31

(11)

Processes and Process Variables

42

(39)

Instructional Objectives

43

(1)

Mass and Volume

43

(2)

Flow Rate

45

(2)

Chemical Composition

47

(7)

Pressure

54

(6)

Temperature

60

(3)

Summary

63

(18)

Problems

65

(16)

PART 2 MATERIAL BALANCES

81

(230)

Fundamentals of Material Balances

83

(104)

Instructional Objectives

83

(1)

Process Classification

84

(1)

Balances

85

(4)

Material Balance Calculations

89

(15)

Balances on Multiple-Unit Processes

104

(6)

Recycle and Bypass

110

(6)

Chemical Reaction Stoichiometry

116

(9)

Balances on Reactive Processes

125

(17)

Combustion Reactions

142

(9)

Some Additional Considerations about Chemical Processes

151

(2)

Summary

153

(34)

Problems

155

(32)

Single-Phase Systems

187

(50)

Instructional Objectives

188

(1)

Liquid and Solid Densities

189

(2)

Ideal Gases

191

(8)

Equations of State for Nonideal Gases

199

(7)

The Compressibility Factor Equation of State

206

(7)

Summary

213

(24)

Problems

214

(23)

Multiphase Systems

237

(74)

Instructional Objectives

239

(1)

Single-Component Phase Equilibrium

240

(7)

The Gibbs Phase Rule

247

(2)

Gas--Liquid Systems: One Condensable Component

249

(6)

Multicomponent Gas--Liquid Systems

255

(9)

Solutions of Solids in Liquids

264

(7)

Equilibrium Between Two Liquid Phases

271

(4)

Adsorption on Solid Surfaces

275

(3)

Summary

278

(33)

Problems

280

(31)

PART 3 ENERGY BALANCES

311

(266)

Energy and Energy Balances

313

(44)

Instructional Objectives

314

(1)

Forms of Energy: The First Law of Thermodynamics

315

(2)

Kinetic and Potential Energy

317

(1)

Energy Balances on Closed Systems

318

(2)

Energy Balances on Open Systems at Steady State

320

(5)

Tables of Thermodynamic Data

325

(4)

Energy Balance Procedures

329

(4)

Mechanical Energy Balances

333

(4)

Summary

337

(20)

Problems

340

(17)

Balances on Nonreactive Processes

357

(83)

Instructional Objectives

357

(1)

Elements of Energy Balance Calculations

358

(7)

Changes in Pressure at Constant Temperature

365

(1)

Changes in Temperature

366

(11)

Phase Change Operations

377

(18)

Mixing and Solution

395

(11)

Summary

406

(34)

Problems

409

(31)

Balances on Reactive Processes

440

(64)

Instructional Objectives

441

(1)

Heats of Reaction

442

(3)

Measurement and Calculation of Heats of Reaction: Hess's Law

445

(2)

Formation Reactions and Heats of Formation

447

(1)

Heats of Combustion

448

(2)

Energy Balances on Reactive Processes

450

(14)

Fuels and Combustion

464

(9)

Summary

473

(31)

Problems

475

(29)

Computer-Aided Balance Calculations

504

(39)

Instructional Objectives

504

(1)

Degree-of-Freedom Analysis Revisited

504

(7)

Sequential Modular Simulation

511

(11)

Equation-Based Simulation

522

(11)

Commercial Process Simulation Packages

533

(1)

Final Considerations

533

(10)

Problems

534

(9)

Balances on Transient Processes

543

(34)

Instructional Objectives

543

(1)

The General Balance Equation . . . Again

544

(4)

Material Balances

548

(6)

Energy Balances on Single-Phase Nonreactive Processes

554

(6)

Simultaneous Transient Balances

560

(3)

Summary

563

(14)

Problems

564

(13)

PART 4 CASE STUDIES

577

(30)

Production of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride

579

(12)

PVC Chlorination Reaction Chemistry

580

(1)

Process Description

581

(3)

Problems

584

(7)

Steam Reforming of Natural Gas and Subsequent Synthesis of Methanol

591

(11)

Process Description

592

(3)

Problems

595

(7)

Scrubbing of Sulfur Dioxide from Power Plant Stack Gases

602

(5)

Process Description

603

(2)

Problems

605

(2)

Appendix A Computational Techniques

607

(20)

The Method of Least Squares

607

(3)

Iterative Solution of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations

610

(12)

Numerical Integration

622

(5)

Appendix B Physical Property Tables

627

(28)

Selected Physical Property Data

628

(7)

Heat Capacities

635

(3)

Vapor Pressure of Water

638

(2)

Antoine Equation Constants

640

(2)

Properties of Saturated Steam: Temperature Table

642

(2)

Properties of Saturated Steam: Pressure Table

644

(6)

Properties of Superheated Steam

650

(2)

Specific Enthalpies of Selected Gases: SI Units

652

(1)

Specific Enthalpies of Selected Gases: American Engineering Units

652

(1)

Atomic Heat Capacities for Kopp's Rule

653

(1)

Integral Heats of Solution and Mixing at 25°C

653

(2)

Answers to Test Yourselves

655

(10)

Answers to Selected Problems

665

(4)

Index

669

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Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, 3rd Update Edition

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials