The Elements of Police Hostage and Crisis Negotiations: Critical Incidents and How to Respond to Them

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ISBN: 9780789018953 | 0789018950
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/18/2005

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This book reduces the negotiation procedures for hostage, barricaded, and suicide incidents to their basic elements, providing quick and easy access to the information you need -- from the initial call-out to the final debriefing. Based on field-tested principles proven to work, the book also includes newly developed and highly specialized techniques for more experienced negotiators. Author James L. Greenstone provides a user-friendly, step-by-step guide to the intervention and negotiation process that will help you get the job done -- right. Topics covered include legal considerations; telephone surveillance guidelines; the Stockholm Syndrome; working with S.W.A.T. and Tactical Emergency Medical Support; dealing with the media; recognizing "red flags;" the issues of suicide; debriefing the hostage team; the 150 laws of hostage and crisis negotiation; and the 10 most serious errors a negotiator can make.

Foreword

xiii

H H.A. Cooper

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgments

xix

Chapter 1. Preincident Preparation

(14)

Select Negotiators

(1)

Establish Selection Timeline

(2)

Use the Decision Tree

(1)

Develop General Orders and Standing Operating Procedures

(7)

Deal with the Media

(5)

Chapter 2. First-Response Duties

(8)

Follow the Steps for First Response

(4)

Develop Intelligence at the Scene

(1)

Gather Important Information Immediately in Hostage and Barricade Situations

(3)

Chapter 3. Callout Response

(4)

Keep Equipment Prepared

(1)

Prepare Your Family

(1)

Prepare Yourself

(1)

Respond to the Scene

(1)

Report to the Command Post

(2)

Chapter 4. Arriving on Scene and Setting Up

(12)

Organize Personnel at the Scene

(1)

Remain Aware of Legal Considerations

(9)

Observe Telephone Surveillance Guidelines and Laws

(1)

Set Up Telephone or Other Communication System

(2)

Chapter 5. Preparing to Negotiate

(10)

Review Information on the Abnormal Psychology of Hostage Takers

(4)

Review Negotiations Strategies

(6)

Chapter 6. Making Contact and Beginning Negotiations

(34)

Know the Stages of Negotiations

(1)

Review the Greenstone Model of Crisis Intervention

(1)

Determine Whether You Have a Hostage or Crisis Situation

(1)

Review the Basic Steps for Contact with the Hostage Taker

(1)

Use Boards

(1)

Ignore Deadlines, but Be Prepared to Explain

(1)

Listen for Demands

(1)

Prepare for Face-to-Face Negotiations

(1)

Set Goals for Negotiations

(1)

Remember That Negotiations Are a Team Effort

(1)

Keep the Subject in Problem-Solving Mode

(1)

Determine Whether You Are Making Progress

(1)

Know How to Use Pat Words and Phrases

(1)

Go Step by Step

(3)

Understand and Use Stockholm Syndrome

(2)

The Dos and Don'ts for Hostage and Crisis Negotiators

(2)

Use Time Appropriately

(1)

Understand Why We Do Not Trade Hostages

(1)

Use Translators Appropriately and Effectively

(1)

Know When and How to Call a Time-Out

(1)

Select a Mental Health Professional to Assist the Team

(1)

Be a Mental Health Consultant to a Negotiations Team

(12)

Chapter 7. Preparing for the Surrender

(4)

Understand and Develop the Process

(1)

Use the Guidelines

(4)

Chapter 8. Postincident Tasks

(8)

Debrief the Hostage Negotiations Team

(1)

Use the Debriefing Sheet

(2)

Review the Ten Most Serious Errors

(1)

Illustrative Case Study: Why Did It Work?

(5)

Chapter 9. Attending to Special Issues

(16)

Consider Risk Factors

(2)

Utilize the Violence Risk Analysis Worksheet

(3)

Review Red Flag Indicators and Pay Attention to Them

100

(2)

Know When to Terminate Utilities

102

(2)

Know How to Win and Lose As a Team

104

(1)

Know How to Survive if You Are Taken Hostage

105

(1)

Consider the Role of Tactical Emergency Medical Support for Negotiators

106

(5)

Chapter 10. Specific Issues Relating to Suicide

111

(10)

Review the Procedures for Responding to a Suicidal Subject

111

(1)

Know How to Use the Lethality Scale

112

(3)

Recognize a "Suicide by Cop": Victim-Precipitated Suicide

115

(1)

Confronting Adolescent Suicide

116

(5)

Chapter 11. Developing Negotiator Survival Skills

121

(4)

Use Self-Relaxation Skills

121

(1)

Understand the Signs of Job Stress and Burnout

122

(1)

Develop Personal Survival Skills

123

(2)

Chapter 12. Learning and Using Effective Communication Skills

125

(12)

Ask the Right Questions

125

(1)

Understand the Messages

126

(1)

Understand the Nature of Distortions

126

(1)

Be Empathetic

126

(1)

Never Assume

127

(1)

Clarify Statements

127

(2)

Know When and How to Ask Questions

129

(1)

Deal Effectively with Silence

129

(1)

Understand Content and Feelings

130

(1)

Respond to the Subject Effectively

131

(1)

Listen Carefully

131

(1)

Be Aware of Nonverbal Messages

132

(2)

Know the Roadblocks to Effective Communication

134

(1)

Use the Communication Exercises to Practice Communication Skills

135

(2)

Chapter 13. Planning and Preparing Equipment

137

(10)

Keep Personal Equipment Within Arm's Reach

137

(1)

Refer to the List of Recommended Personal Equipment

138

(1)

Assemble and Maintain Team Equipment

139

(1)

Refer to the List of Recommended Team Equipment

139

(1)

Develop an Equipment Policy for Your Team

140

(7)

Chapter 14. Heeding the Laws of Hostage and Crisis Negotiations

147

(6)

Appendix I. Useful Forms and Illustrations for the Negotiator in the Field

153

(26)

Debriefing Sheet

153

(2)

Intelligence Report

155

(2)

Checklist for Negotiations Techniques

157

(2)

Hostage/Victim Worksheet

159

(1)

Field Diagnostic Worksheet

160

(1)

Intelligence-Gathering Format for First Responders

161

(1)

Quick Strategy Worksheet

162

(1)

Negotiations Checklist

163

(2)

Detailed Intelligence Report

165

(2)

Mental Status Examination

167

(4)

Think Tank Diagnostic Worksheet

171

(1)

Questions to Be Answered by the Think Tank

172

(1)

Lethality Scale

173

(3)

Command Post Structure Example

176

(1)

The Crisis Cube

177

(2)

Appendix II. Practice Using Negotiations Exercises

179

(24)

Ground Rules

180

(1)

Training Scenario

180

(12)

Sample Role-Play Exercises

192

(11)

Appendix III. The Hostage and Crisis Negotiator's Training Lab

203

(10)

Statement of the Problem

203

(1)

History and Background Information

204

(1)

Design

204

(9)

Appendix IV. Additional Reference Materials

213

(14)

The Bill of Rights

213

(2)

Overview of the U.S. Constitution

215

(1)

Texas Penal Code

216

(5)

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure

221

(6)

Bibliography

227

(10)

Index

237

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The Elements of Police Hostage and Crisis Negotiations: Critical Incidents and How to Respond to Them

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials