The Emergence Of Sociological Theory

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ISBN: 9780495127284 | 0495127280
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/29/2006

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Sociology should be interesting. After all, it's about people! THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY is just that: interesting. Inside, you'll discover the major theories of why groups of people act the way they do, and how you can use those theories in your daily life. It's easy to understand and packed with study tools, making THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY the best of its kind on the market and the one that will help you get the grade you need.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

PREFACE

xiii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

1 The Enlightenment and New Ways of Thinking

(7)

The Enlightenment

(2)

The Political Economy of the Enlightenment

(2)

The Emergence of Sociology

(2)

2 The Origin and Context of Auguste Comte's Sociology

(16)

The Strange Biography of Auguste Comte

(3)

The Intellectual Origins of Comte's Thought

(10)

Montesquieu and Comte

(1)

Tuigot and Comte

(3)

Condorcet and Comte

(1)

Saint-Simon and Comte

(4)

Conclusion

(3)

Liberal Elements in Comte's Thought

(1)

Traditional Elements in Comte's Thought

(2)

3 The Sociology of Auguste Comte

(16)

Comte's Early Essays

(2)

Comte's Course of Positive Philosophy

(11)

Comte's View of Sociological Theory

(3)

Comte's Formulation of Sociological Methods

(1)

Comte's Organization of Sociology

(5)

Comte's Advocacy of Sociology

(2)

Critical Conclusions

(2)

4 The Origin and Context of Herbert Spencer's Thought

(11)

Biographical Influences on Spencerian Sociology

(4)

The Political Economy of Nineteenth-Century England

(1)

The Scientific Milieu of Spencer's England

(3)

Influences from Biology

(2)

Influences from the Physical Sciences

(1)

Spencer's Synthetic Philosophy and the Sociology of Comte

(1)

Why Read Spencer?

(2)

5 The Sociology of Herbert Spencer

(39)

Spencer's Moral Philosophy: Social Statics and Principles of Ethics

(2)

Spencer's First Principles

(2)

Spencer's The Study of Sociology

(4)

The Methodological Problems Confronting Sociology

(2)

The Theoretical Argument

(1)

A Note on Spencer's Descriptive Sociology

(3)

Spencer's Principles of Sociology

(20)

The Superorganic and the Organismic Analogy

(2)

The Analysis of Superorganic Dynamics

(17)

The Analysis of Societal Institutions

(5)

Domestic Institutions and Kinship

(1)

Ceremonial Institutions

(1)

Political Institutions

(1)

Religious Institutions

(1)

Economic Institutions

(1)

Critical Conclusions

(2)

6 The Origin and Context of Karl Marx's Thought

(26)

Biographical Influences on Marx's Thought

(7)

Hegel and the Young Hegelians

(1)

Paris and Brussels

(3)

The London Years

(2)

G.W.F. Hegel and Karl Marx

(4)

Hegel's Idealism

(1)

Marx's Rejection of Hegel's Idealism

(2)

Marx's Acceptance of Hegel's Dialectical Method

100

(1)

Ludwig Feuerbach and Karl Marx

101

(3)

The Young Hegelians and Marx's Thought

101

(2)

Feuerbach and Marx's Thought

103

(1)

Adam Smith and Karl Marx

104

(5)

Political Economy and Marx's Thought

105

(1)

Adam Smith's Influence

105

(4)

Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx

109

(8)

Engels's Critique of Political Economy

109

(2)

Engels's Analysis of the Working Class

111

(5)

7 The Sociology of Karl Marx

116

(95)

The German Ideology

117

(7)

The Nature of Social Theory

117

(1)

The Characteristics of All Societies

118

(3)

Marx's Theoretical Methodology

121

(3)

The Communist Manifesto

124

(14)

Bourgeoisie and Proletarians

125

(4)

Proletarians and Communists

129

(2)

Socialist and Communist Literature

131

(1)

Communist and Other Opposition Parties

132

(1)

Marx's View of Capitalism in Historical Context

133

(2)

Marx's Model of Stratification and Class Conflict

135

(3)

Capital

138

(9)

The Labor Theory of Value

139

(2)

Surplus Value

141

(2)

The Demise of Capitalism

143

(2)

Capitalism in Historical Context

145

(2)

Critical Conclusions

147

(5)

Substantive Contradictions

147

(1)

Where Prophecy Fails

148

(2)

Is Marx Still Relevant?

150

(2)

8 The Origin and Context of Max Weber's Thought

152

(18)

Biographical Influences on Weber's Thought

152

(1)

The Early Years

152

(6)

Before the Breakdown

154

(2)

The Transition to Sociology

156

(2)

Karl Marx and Max Weber

158

(2)

The Nature of Science

159

(1)

The Inevitability of History

159

(1)

Economic Determinism

160

(1)

The Methodenstreit and Max Weber

160

(4)

Methodological Issues Dividing Historical and Theoretical

161

(1)

Weber's Response to the Methodenstreit

162

(2)

Wilhelm Dilthey and Max Weber

164

(2)

Dilthey's Methodology of the Social Sciences

164

(2)

Weber's Response to Dilthey's Work

166

(1)

Heinrich Rickert and Max Weber

166

(2)

Weber's Response to Rickert

168

(1)

Weber's Theoretical Synthesis

168

(2)

9 The Sociology of Max Weber

170

(41)

Weber's Methodology of the Social Sciences

171

(5)

The Problem of Values

171

(2)

Ideal Types

173

(3)

Weber's Image of Social Organization

176

(4)

Weber's Analysis of Domination

180

(14)

Types of Domination

180

(5)

Social Stratification: Class, Status Group, and Party

185

(6)

Weber's Model of Social Change

191

(1)

Weber's Model of Stratification and Geopolitics

192

(2)

Weber on Capitalism and Rationalization

194

(2)

Weber's Study of Religion

196

(11)

The Quasi-Experimental Design

197

(2)

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

199

(6)

Weber's Comparative Studies of Religion and Capitalism

205

(2)

Weber's Outline of the Social System

207

(2)

Critical Conclusions

209

(2)

10 The Origin and Context of Georg Simmel's Thought

211

(12)

Biographical Influences on Simmel's Thought

211

(4)

Simmel's Marginality

211

(1)

Simmel's Intellectual Career

212

(3)

Intellectual Influences on Simmel's Thought

215

(7)

A Note on Simmel and Weber

215

(1)

Herbert Spencer, Social Darwinism, and Simmel's Thought

216

(1)

Immanuel Kant and Simmel's Thought

217

(3)

Karl Marx and Simmel's Thought

220

(2)

The Enigmatic Simmel

222

(1)

11 The Sociology of Georg Simmel

223

(31)

Simmel's Methodological Approach to the Study of Society

223

(7)

What Is Society?

225

(1)

How Should Sociology Study Society?

225

(2)

What Are the Problem Areas of Sociology?

227

(3)

The Web of Group Affiliations

230

(5)

The Web of Group Affiliations as a Social Form

231

(1)

Structural Changes Accompanying Social Differentiation

231

(2)

The Consequences of Differentiation

233

(2)

Conflict

235

(7)

Conflict as a Social Form

235

(1)

Conflict Within Groups

236

(3)

Conflict Between Groups

239

(3)

The Philosophy of Money

242

(10)

Exchange as a Social Form

242

(1)

Simmel's Assumptions about Human Nature

243

(2)

Money in Social Exchange

245

(2)

Money and Its Consequences for Social Relations

247

(5)

Critical Conclusions

252

(2)

12 The Origin and Context of Emile Durkheim's Thought

254

(25)

Biographical Influences on Durkheim's Thought

254

(3)

Charles Montesquieu and Durkheim

257

(6)

Montesquieu as the First Social Scientist

257

(2)

Montesquieu's View of "Laws"

259

(1)

Montesquieu's Typology of Governments

260

(1)

The Causes and Functions of Governments

261

(2)

Jean Jacques Rousseau and Durkheim

263

(5)

Rousseau's Doctrine

264

(1)

Specific Influences on Durkheim

265

(3)

Auguste Comte and Durkheim

268

(3)

The Science of Positivism

268

(1)

The Methodological Tenets of Positivism

269

(1)

Social Statics and Dynamics

270

(1)

Science and Social Progress

271

(1)

Alexis De Tocqueville and Durkheim

271

(3)

Tocqueville's Democracy in America

272

(1)

Specific Influences on Durkheim

273

(1)

Herbert Spencer and Durkheim

274

(2)

Durkheim and Spencerian Utilitarianism

274

(1)

Durkheim and Spencerian Organicism

275

(1)

Durkheim and Spencerian Evolutionism

275

(1)

Karl Marx and Durkheim

276

(1)

Anticipating Durkheimian Sociology

277

(3)

Methodological Tenets

277

(1)

Theoretical Strategy

277

(1)

Substantive Interests

278

(1)

Practical Concerns

278

(1)

13 The Sociology of Emile Durkheim

279

(38)

The Division of Labor in Society

280

(12)

Social Solidarity

280

(1)

The Collective Conscience

281

(1)

Social Morphology

282

(1)

Mechanical and Organic Solidarity

283

(2)

Social Change

285

(2)

Social Functions

287

(1)

Pathology and Abnormal Forms

288

(4)

The Rules of the Sociological Method

292

(5)

What Is a Social Fact?

293

(1)

Rules for the Observation of Social Facts

294

(1)

Rules for Distinguishing Between the Normal and the Pathological

295

(1)

Rules for the Classification of Social Types

295

(1)

Rules for the Explanation of Social Facts

295

(1)

Rules for Establishing Sociological Proofs

296

(1)

Suicide

297

(5)

Types of Suicide

297

(3)

Suicide and Social Integration

300

(1)

Suicide and Deviance

300

(1)

Suicide and the Social Organization of Organic Societies

301

(1)

The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life

302

(9)

An Overview of Durkheim's Argument

304

(4)

Some Further Implications of Elementary Forms

308

(3)

A Science of "Morality"

311

(3)

What Is Morality?

312

(2)

Critical Conclusions

314

(3)

14 The Origin and Context of George Herbert Mead's Thought

317

(22)

Biographical Influences on Mead's Thought

317

(2)

Mead's Synthesis of Schools of Thought

319

(7)

Utilitarianism

319

(1)

Darwinism

320

(1)

Pragmatism

321

(2)

Behaviorism

323

(3)

Wilhelm Wundt and Mead

326

(2)

Wundt's View of Gestures

327

(1)

Wundt's View of "Mental Communities"

328

(1)

William James and Mead

328

(4)

James's Pragmatism

329

(1)

James's View of Consciousness

329

(1)

James's View of Self-Consciousness

330

(2)

Charles Horton Cooley and Mead

332

(4)

Cooley's View of Social Organization

332

(1)

Cooley's View of Interaction

333

(1)

Cooley's View of Self

333

(2)

Cooley's View of Primary Groups

335

(1)

John Dewey and Mead

336

(2)

Dewey's Pragmatism

336

(1)

Dewey's View of Thinking

337

(1)

Mead's Synthesis

338

(1)

15 The Sociology of George Herbert Mead

339

(34)

Mead's Broader Philosophy

339

(1)

Mind, Self, and Society

340

(24)

Mead's View of the "Life Process"

341

(1)

Mead's Social Behaviorism

342

(1)

Mead's Behavioristic View of Mind

343

(5)

Mead's Behavioristic View of Self

348

(9)

Mead's Conception of Society

357

(7)

The Philosophy of the Act

364

(6)

Impulse

365

(1)

Perception

366

(1)

Manipulation

366

(2)

Consummation

368

(2)

Critical Conclusions

370

(3)

NAME INDEX

373

(2)

SUBJECT INDEX

375

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The Emergence Of Sociological Theory

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials