Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS

OSHA (29 CFR 1910.119) has recognized AIChE/DIERS two-phase flow publications as examples of "good engineering practice" for process safety management of highly hazardous materials. The prediction of when two-phase flow venting will occur, and the applicability of various sizing methods for two-phase vapor-liquid flashing flow, is of particular interest when designing emergency relief systems to handle runaway reactions. This comprehensive sourcebook brings together a wealth of information on methods that can be used to safely size emergency relief systems for two-phase vapor-liquid flow for flashing or frozen, viscous or nonviscous fluids. Design methodologies are illustrated by selected sample problems. Written by industrial experts in the safety field, this book will be invaluable to those charged with operating, designing, or managing today's and tomorrow's chemical process industry facilities.

H. G. Fisher is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

H. S. Forrest is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

Stanley S. Grossel is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

J. E. Huff is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

A. R. Muller is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

J. A. Noronha is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

D. A. Shaw is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

B. J. Tilley is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

Preface
Introduction
Overview
Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS)
A Strategy for Major Accidental Release Prevention
A Strategy for Emergency Relief System Design
An Approach to Emergency Relief System Design Assessment
Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Flow
Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Flow Onset and Disengagement
Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Hydrodynamics
DIERS Bench-Scale Apparatus
Runaway Reaction Emergency Relief System Design Computer Program
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Vapor Disengagement Dynamics
Overview
Vapor Disengagement Dynamics
Design Considerations
Detailed Discussion
Open Literature References
Project Manual
References
The Coupling Equation and Flow Models
Best Estimate Procedure to Calculate Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Flow Onset/Disengagement
Fluid Behavior in Venting Vessels
Energy and Material Balance Derivations for Emergency Pressure Relief of Vessels
Internal Energy and Venting Calculations
Pressure Relief System Flow
Introduction
Scope
Organization
Special Terminology
Recommended Design Methods
Newtonian Flow
Complex Fluids
Useful Approximations
Technology Base
General Flow Equations
Nozzle Flow Models
Sharp Reductions
Pressure Recovery/Expansions/Equilibrations
Pipe Flow
Application to Pressure Relief System Elements
Networks
Complex Fluids
Nomenclature
Acknowledgments
References
Thermophysical Property Requirements
Equilibrium Flash Calculations
Model Parameters for Pipe Entrance Sections
Computer Routines in SAFIRE Program
Example Problems
Generalized Correlations and Design Charts
DIERS Phase III Large-Scale Integral Tests
Summary
Introduction
Program Objectives
Program Description
Test Configurations
Test Results
Tests T1 to T8
Tests V32-W1 to V32-W8
Tests T9, T10, T11, T14, and T15
Tests T12 and T13
Tests T20
Tests T17 and T18
Tests T21, T22, T23, and T24
ICRE Tests 32-6 to 32-11
ICRE Tests 2000-1 to 2000-5
ICRE Tests 32-14, 32-15, and 32-18
Acknowledgments
References
Test Configurations
Experimental Results and Model Comparisons
Kinetics Model for Styrene Polymerizations
High Viscosity Flashing Two-Phase Flow
Introduction
General Discussion of High Viscosity Flow in Relief Systems
Why High Viscosity Systems Require Special Consideration
Necessity for Conservatism
Summary of DIERS High Viscosity Relief Flow Tests
Project Overview
Styrene Reactive Tests
Small-Scale Rubber Cement Bottom-Vented tests
Large-Scale Rubber Cement Tests
Large-Scale Polystyrene-Ethylbenzene Bottom-Vented Tests
Recommended Design Practices
Theory and Scaling for Highly Viscous Systems
General Equations for Newtonian Fluids
Approximate Momentum Balances for Scaling Power-Law and Newtonian Fluids
Scaling Using Integrated Approximate Momentum Balance for Newtonian Fluids
Scaling Using Approximate Momentum Balance for Power-Law Fluids
Unanswered Questions
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual

Summary

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Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials