The Endocrine System at a Glance

Diana Wood is Director of Medical Education and Clinical Dean at the University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge

Preface to the First Edition 7

Part 1 Fundamentals

1. Introduction 8

2. Chemical transmission 10

3. Mechanisms of hormone action:

I Membrane receptors 12

4. Mechanisms of hormone action:

II Intracellular receptors 14

5. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland 16

6. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone: a peptide hormone 18

7. Principles of feedback control 20

8. Endocrine function tests 22

Part 2 Growth

9. Growth: I Cellular growth factors 24

10. Growth: II Normal growth 26

11. Growth: III Growth hormone 28

12. Growth: IV Pathophysiology 30

Part 3 Thyroid

13. Thyroid: I Thyroid gland and thyroid hormones 32

14. Thyroid: II Thyroid hormone secretion and action 34

15. Thyroid: III Thyroid pathophysiology 36

Part 4 Adrenals and autoimmunity

16. Adrenal gland: I Adrenal medulla 38

17. Adrenal gland: II Adrenocortical hormones 40

18. Adrenal gland: III Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) 42

19. Adrenal gland: IV Cortisol and androgens 44

20. Adrenal gland: V Aldosterone 46

21. Adrenal gland: VI Pathophysiology 48

22. Endocrine autoimmunity 50

Part 5 Sexual differentiation and development

23. Sexual differentiation and development:

I Introduction 52

24. Sexual differentiation and development: II Puberty 54

Part 6 Female reproduction

25. Female reproduction: I Menstrual cycle 56

26. Female reproduction: II Ovarian steroids 58

27. Female reproduction: III Pregnancy 60

28. Female reproduction: IV Parturition and lactation 62

29. Female reproduction: V Pathophysiology 64

30. Female reproduction: VI Contraception 66

Part 7 Male reproduction

31. Male reproduction: I The testis 68

32. Male reproduction: II Actions of androgens 70

33. Male reproduction: III Pathophysiology 72

Part 8 Posterior pituitary hormones, salt and water balance and hypertension

34. Oxytocin 74

35. Vasopressin 76

36. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system 78

37. Endocrine hypertension 80

Part 9 Metabolic endocrinology: Pancreas and gastrointestinal tract

38. Insulin: I The pancreas and insulin secretion 82

39. Insulin: II Insulin action 84

40. Insulin: III Type 1 diabetes mellitus 86

41. Insulin: IV Type 2 diabetes mellitus 88

42. Glucagon 90

43. Gastrointestinal hormones 92

Part 10 Metabolic endocrinology: Energy homoeostasis and obesity

44. Energy homoeostasis: I Summary 94

45. Energy homoeostasis: II Central control 96

46. Obesity: I Causes of obesity 98

47. Obesity: II Cardiovascular and

respiratory complications 100

48. Obesity: III Insulin resistance and

endocrine complications 102

Part 11 Calcium and metabolic bone disease

49. Calcium: I Parathyroid hormone 104

50. Calcium: II Calcitonin 106

51. Calcium: III Vitamin D 108

52. Bone remodelling 110

53. Metabolic bone disease: I Paget’s disease 112

54. Metabolic bone disease:

II Primary osteoporosis 114

55. Metabolic bone disease: III Secondary osteoporosis 116

Part 12 Self assessment

MCQs 118

Answers 133

Appendix: Normal Values 136

Glossary 137

Index 139

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