Enhancing the Performance of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks With Smart Antennas

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ISBN: 9780849350818 | 0849350816
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/3/2006

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A large portion of the network capacity of an ad hoc network can be wasted by the medium access mechanisms of omni-directional antennas. To overcome this problem, researchers propose the use of directional or adaptive antennas that largely reduce radio interference, improving the utilization of wireless medium and the resulting network throughput.Enhancing the Performance of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks with Smart Antennas discusses these issues and challenges. Following an introduction to ad hoc networks, it presents an overview of basic Media Access Control (MAC) and routing protocols in ad hoc networks with omni-directional antennas. The book then focuses on the use of smart antennas in ad hoc networks and reviews the strategies used in designing MAC and routing protocols for improved medium utilization and improved routing performance with effective load balancing. Finally, it analyzes the design issues related to priority based quality-of-service (QoS) routing protocols, illustrating the potential of these antennas in comparison to omni directional antennas. The book concludes with an examination of open problems and challenges for ad hoc networks.

Preface

The Authors

Introduction

(12)

Ad Hoc Networks: A Preamble

(1)

Characteristics of Ad Hoc Networks

(1)

Some Prospective Usages of Ad Hoc Networks

(2)

Some Research Challenges

(3)

Use of Smart Antennas in Ad Hoc Networks

(1)

Media Access Control

(1)

Routing

(1)

Power Conservation

(1)

Security

(1)

Performance Evaluation Techniques

(1)

Organization of the Book

(4)

References

(3)

The Issues and Challenges in Designing MAC and Routing Protocols

(42)

Media Access Control Techniques

(14)

MAC Protocols with Omni-Directional Antennas

(4)

MAC Protocols with Directional Antennas

(2)

oRTS/oCTS-Based DMAC

(1)

DRTS/oCTS-Based DMAC

(1)

DRTS/DCTS-Based DMAC

(1)

Other DMAC Protocols

(2)

Power-Controlled MAC

(1)

Power-Control Schemes Using Omni-Directional Antennas

(1)

Power-Control Schemes Using Directional Antennas

(2)

Routing Protocols in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

(14)

Routing Protocols Using Omni-Directional Antennas

(1)

Reactive Routing Protocols

(8)

Proactive Routing Protocols

(3)

Routing Protocols Using Directional Antennas

(3)

Performance Evaluation Techniques

(14)

Simulation-Based Evaluation

(1)

Comparison of Routing Performance

(2)

Comparison of MAC Performance

(1)

Evaluation Using a Testbed

(3)

References

(7)

Location Tracking and Media Access Control Using Smart Antennas

(24)

Introduction

(2)

Introduction to Smart Antennas

(8)

Features of Smart Antennas

(1)

Classification of Smart Antennas

(1)

ESPAR: A Smart Antenna for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

(5)

Issues of Smart Antennas in the Context of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

(1)

Location-Tracking Mechanisms for Neighborhood Discovery

(1)

Directional Media Access Control Protocols

(2)

A Few Assumptions and the Rationales

(3)

Performance Evaluation

(5)

Simulation Environment

(1)

Results

(4)

Discussion

(3)

References

(3)

Location Tracking and Location Estimation of Nodes in Ad Hoc Networks: A Testbed Implementation

(22)

Introduction

(3)

Location Tracking and Neighborhood Discovery

(2)

Formation of the NLST (Neighborhood Link State Table)

(1)

Formation of the AST (Angle Signal Table)

(1)

Location Estimation

(7)

Basic Idea

(2)

Location Estimation by a Node Using a Pair of Reference Nodes

(1)

Synchronization of an Antenna by a Nonprimary Reference Node

(2)

Formation of the Post-Synchronization Mapping (PM) Table

(1)

Estimating Location of a Node Multi-Hop Away from Reference Nodes

(1)

Implementation Results

(7)

Two-Node Setting: Evaluating Location Tracking

(2)

Five-Node Setting: Single-Hop Location Estimations with Two Reference Nodes

(2)

Five-Node Setting: Multi-Hop Location Estimations with Secondary Reference

(3)

Error in Location Estimation: A Simulation Study

(1)

Discussion

(2)

References

100

(1)

A Routing Strategy for Effective Load Balancing Using Smart Antennas

101

(34)

Introduction

101

(4)

System Description

105

(8)

Some Important Definitions

105

(4)

Network Awareness

109

(1)

Formation of AST and NANL

110

(1)

Formation of ANL

111

(1)

Formation of GLST

112

(1)

Network-Aware Routing with Maximally Zone-Disjoint Shortest Path

113

(6)

Maximally Zone-Disjoint Shortest-Path Routing

114

(2)

Finding the Maximally Zone-Disjoint Shortest Path: An Analysis

116

(2)

Adaptive Route Selection

118

(1)

Maximally Zone-Disjoint Multipath Routing

119

(5)

Multipath Routing Using Omni-Directional and Directional Antennas

119

(4)

Selecting Maximally Zone-Disjoint Multipath Routes

123

(1)

Performance Evaluation

124

(8)

Simulation Environment

124

(1)

Impact of Overhead

124

(4)

Evaluation under Static Scenarios

128

(2)

Evaluation under Mobile Scenarios

130

(2)

Discussion

132

(3)

References

133

(2)

Priority-Based QoS Routing Protocols Using Smart Antennas

135

(48)

Introduction

135

(3)

A Few Related Definitions

138

(1)

Priority-Based QoS Routing Using Zone Reservation

139

(11)

Zone Reservation and Route Computation by High-Priority Flows

140

(1)

Route Computation and Adaptive Call Blocking by Low-Priority Flows

141

(1)

Route Computation without Call Blocking

141

(1)

Route Computation with Call Blocking

142

(1)

Performance Evaluation

143

(1)

Effectiveness of Zone-Reservation Protocol

144

(1)

Effectiveness of the Call-Blocking Scheme

145

(5)

Priority-Based Flow-Rate Control for QoS Provisioning Using Feedback Control

150

(23)

A Control-Theoretic Approach

154

(1)

Some Preliminaries on Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control

154

(1)

Priority-Based Flow Control Strategies Using a PID Controller

155

(4)

Priority-Based Flow-Control Scheme Using Directional Antennas

159

(1)

Detecting and Measuring High-Priority Flow Rates by Other Flows

159

(4)

Feedback Control of Low-Priority Flow Rate

163

(1)

Performance Evaluation

164

(1)

Performance of Low-Priority-Flow-Controller (LPC)

165

(5)

Evaluating the System Performance in Random Topology

170

(3)

Service Differentiation in Multi-Hop Intervehicular Communication

173

(5)

Routing in an Unbounded Network

173

(1)

Bounded versus Unbounded Networks

174

(1)

Application-Dependent Route Discovery Process

175

(1)

Implementation of Prioritized Routing Scheme in IVC Scenario

176

(1)

Route Computation and Zone Reservation by High-Priority Flows

176

(1)

Route Computation and Adaptive Call Blocking by Low-Priority Flows

177

(1)

Discussion

178

(5)

References

180

(3)

Conclusion

183

(4)

Index

187

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Enhancing the Performance of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks With Smart Antennas

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials