Environmental Impact of Power Generation

In today's automated world, the need for economic generation of power is of vital importance. However, the industry is commonly perceived as being responsible for pollution of the atmosphere and contamination of land and water. The wide-ranging subjects addressed in this book will contribute to the public understanding of science in this important area. Encompassing areas as diverse as current performance standards and the use of nuclear fuel, Environmental Impact of Power Generation also includes an historical overview of electricity supply. The emotive issues of air pollution and the ecological effects of overhead power lines are tackled, along with energy efficiency and conservation. This book will be essential reading for students and practitioners in environmental science and engineering.

Historical Overview

1

(20)

Gordon MacKerron

Introduction

1

(1)

History

1

(2)

The Nature and Importance of Environmental Impacts

3

(3)

Environmental Regulation: the Framework

6

(4)

Some Important Issues

10

(9)

Conclusions

19

(2)

Impact of Power Generation on Air Quality

21

(22)

Bernard E. A. Fisher

Introduction

21

(4)

Trends in Emissions

25

(1)

Dispersion and Dilution

26

(2)

Fraction of Smoke and SO2 Leaving the Country

28

(2)

Lifetime of SO2

30

(1)

Proportionality between Emissions and Deposition

31

(1)

Critical Loads

32

(1)

International Agreements on Transboundary Pollution

33

(3)

Road Transport Pollution in the 1990s

36

(3)

Local Air Quality Management

39

(2)

Climate Change

41

(1)

Conclusions

42

(1)

Environmental Performance of the Liberalized UK Power Industry

43

(18)

Stephen Adrain

Ian Housley

Introduction

43

(1)

Policy

43

(3)

Policy Implementation---ISO 14001 and EMAS

46

(3)

Meeting Legislative Requirements

49

(1)

Impact of New EU Legislation and International Standards

50

(6)

Environmental Performance Post Privatization

56

(2)

Towards Sustainability

58

(3)

BPEO Approaches to the Design and Siting of Power Stations

61

(12)

Colin Powlesland

The BPEO Concept

61

(1)

BPEO Assessment Procedure

62

(1)

Assessment Methodology

63

(8)

Conclusions

71

(2)

Environmental Impact of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle

73

(24)

Malcolm J. Joyce

Simon N. Port

Introduction

73

(1)

Radiological Impact

74

(16)

Non-radiological Environmental Impact

90

(4)

Future Implications and Summary

94

(1)

Glossary

95

(2)

Electric and Magnetic Fields and Ecology

97

(16)

David Jeffers

Introduction

97

(2)

Electric Fields at the Conductor Surface

99

(1)

Electric Fields and their Effects

99

(4)

Electric Fields at Ground Level

103

(3)

Magnetic Fields

106

(1)

Some Non-field Issues

107

(1)

Studies of Plants and Animals in the Vicinity of Transmission Lines

107

(2)

Biological Mechanisms

109

(1)

Electric and Magnetic Fields and Health

110

(1)

Limitations on Exposure

111

(1)

Conclusions

111

(2)

Energy Efficiency and Conservation

113

(18)

Andrew Warren

Introduction to Least Cost Planning

113

(5)

Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) as an Instrument of Strategic Utility Planning

118

(4)

Accounting for the Environmental Externalities of Electricity Production---A Summary of USA Practice

122

(1)

Monetization Using Damage Costs

123

(3)

Monetization Using Control Costs

126

(2)

Damage Costs versus Control Costs for Policy Purposes

128

(1)

Unpriceable Environmental Costs

129

(1)

References

129

(2)

Subject Index

131

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Environmental Impact of Power Generation

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials