Environmental Issues and Waste Management

In today's world of increasingly stringent environmental regulations, it is critical to identify and adequately address environmental issues in the ceramic industry to ensure success. In addition, ceramics and glasses play a critical role in the nuclear industry. Nuclear fuels and waste forms for low-level and high-level radioactive, mixed, and hazardous wastes are primarily either ceramic of glass. Effective and responsible environmental stewardship is becoming increasingly more important in the world. These proceedings detail the results of the ongoing effort in these areas.

John D. Vienna is the editor of Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries IX, published by Wiley.

Dane R. Spearing is the editor of Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries IX, published by Wiley.

Preface

xi

Ceramics for Waste or Nuclear Applications

Uranium Valences in Perovskite, CaTiO3

3

(8)

E.R. Vance

M.L. Carter

Z. Zhang

K.S. Finnie

S.J. Thomson

B.D. Begg

Iron-Substituted Barium Hollandite Ceramics for Cesium Immobilization

11

(10)

F. Bart

G. Leturcq

H. Rabiller

Hollandite-Rich Titanate Ceramics Prepared by Melting in Air

21

(10)

M.L. Carter

E.R. Vince

H. Li

Hyperfine Interaction Study of Short Range Order in Zircon

31

(10)

H. Jaeger

K. Pletzke

J.M. Hanchar

Scale-Up of Lithium Aluminate Pellet Manufacturing with a Flowable Powder

41

(16)

G. Hollenberg

L. Bagaassen

R. Kurosky

D. Tonn

W. Carty

Melter Processing and Process Monitoring

Laboratory Measurement of Glass Melting Rate

57

(12)

D.F. Bickford

Analysis of Feed Melting Processes

69

(10)

J. Matyas

P. Hrma

D.-S. Kim

Electron Equivalents Redox Model for High Level Waste Vitrification

79

(14)

C.M. Jantzen

D.C. Koopman

C.C. Herman

J.B. Pickett

J.R. Zamecnik

Sulfate Retention During Waste Glass Melting

93

(8)

P. Hrma

J.D. Vienna

W.C. Buchmiller

J.S. Ricklefs

The Characterization and Dissolution of High Level Waste Calcine in Alkali Borosilicate Glass

101

(10)

S. Morgan

P.B. Rose

R.J. Hand

N.C. Hyatt

W.E. Lee

C.R. Scales

Summary of Results from 786-A Minimelter Run with Marcobatch 3 (Sludge Batch 2) Baseline Feed Using Frit 320

111

(10)

M.E. Smith

D.H. Miller

Numerical Models of Waste Glass Melters Part I--Lumped Parameter Analyses of DWPF

121

(10)

H.N. Guerrero

D.F. Bickford

Numerical Models of Waste Glass Melters Part II -- Computational Modeling of DWPF

131

(12)

H.N. Guerrero

D.F. Bickford

H. Naseri-Neshat

Tailored Electrical Driving as a Means of Controlling Heat Distribution and Convection Patterns in Joule-Heated Waste Glass Melters

143

(6)

J.A. Fort

D.L. Lessor

Effects of Poly(Acrylic Acid) on the Rheological Properties of Aqueous Melter Feed Slurries for Nuclear Waste Vitrification

149

(10)

H. Zhao

I.S. Muller

I.L. Pegg

Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Monitoring of Refractory Walls

159

(8)

B. Varghese

R. Zoughi

C. DeConink

M. Velez

R. Moore

Combustion Control Experimentations at a Pilot Scale Glass Furnace

167

(12)

S. Keyvan

R.A. Rossow

M. Velez

W.L. Headrick

R.E. Moore

C. Romero

Waste Vitrification Programs

Completion of the Vitrification Campaign at the West Valley Demonstration Project

179

(18)

R.A. Palmer

H.M. Houston

A.J. Misercola

Review of the French Vitrification Program

197

(20)

R. Do Quang

P. Mougnard

C. Ladirat

A. Prod'homme

Examination of DWPF Melter Materials After 8 Years of Service

217

(10)

D.C. Iverson

K.J. Imrich

D.F. Bickford

J.T. Gee

C.F. Jenkins

F.M. Heckendorn

Testing to Demonstrate Regulatory Compliance of Glass Waste Forms for Immobilization of Radioactive Wastes at the Hanford Site

227

(12)

D.B. Blumenkranz

S. Kelly

D.J. Swanberg

C.A. Musick

Cold Crucible Induction-Heated Melter Test Results with Surrogate DOE High-Level Wastes

239

(10)

C.C. Herman

D.F. Bickford

D.K. Peeler

R. Goles

J.D. Vienna

A. Aloy

S. Stefanovsky

D. Gombert

J. Richardson

Crucible-Scale Vitrification Studies with Hanford Tank AZ-102 High Sulfate-Containing Low Activity Waste

249

(12)

C.L. Crawford

R.F. Schumacher

D.M. Ferrara

N.E. Bibler

Glass Formulation and Property Models

Preliminary Glass Development and Testing for In-Container Vitrification of Hanford Low-Activity Waste

261

(8)

J.D. Vienna

D.-S. Kim

M.J. Schweiger

P. Hrma

J. Matyas

J.V. Crum

D.E. Smith

Evaluation of Melt Rate Through Higher Waste Loading

269

(10)

T.H. Lorier

P.S. McGrier

Spinel Crystallization in HLW Glass Melts: Cation Exchange Systematics and the Role of Rh2O3 in Spinel Formation

279

(10)

S. Annamalai

H. Gan

M. Chaudhuri

W.K. Kot

I.L. Pegg

Composition Effects on the Vapor Hydration of Waste Glasses

289

(8)

A.C. Buechele

F. Lofaj

I.S. Muller

C.T.F. Mooers

I.L. Pegg

Glass Composition-TCLP Response Model for Waste Glasses

297

(12)

D.-S. Kim

J.D. Vienna

Alternate Waste Forms and Processes

Iron Phosphate Glass for Immobilization of Hanford LAW

309

(10)

C.W. Kim

D. Zhu

D.E. Day

D.-S. Kim

J.D. Vienna

D.K. Peeler

T.E. Day

T. Neidt

Characterization and Performance of Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) Product as a Final Waste Form

319

(12)

C.M. Jantzen

Microstructure of Emulsion-Based Polymeric Waste Forms for Encapsulating Low-Level, Radioactive and Toxic Metal Wastes

331

(10)

R. Evans

A. Quach

G. Xia

B.J. Zelinski

W.P. Ela

D.P. Birnie III

A.E. Saez

H.D. Smith

G.L. Smith

Leach Resistance of Encapsulated Salts in Polymeric Waste Forms Fabricated Using an Aqueous-Based Route

341

(10)

A. Quach

G. Xia

R. Evans

A.E. Saez

B.J. Zelinski

H. Smith

G. Smith

D.P. Birnie III

W.P. Ela

Thermal Processing Optimization for Simulated Hanford Waste Glass (AZ 101)

351

(10)

A. Giordana

W.G. Ramsey

T.F. Meaker

B. Kauffman

M. McCarthy

K. Guilbeau

J.D. Smith

F.S. Miller

T. Sanders

E.W. Bohannan

J. Powell

M. Reich

J. Jordan

L. Ventre

R.E. Barletta

A.A. Ramsey

G. Maise

B. Manowitz

M. Steinberg

F. Salzano

Aging Behavior of a Sodalite Based Ceramic Waste Form

361

(10)

J.F. Jue

S.M. Frank

T.P. O'Holleran

T.L. Barber

S.G. Johnson

K.M. Goff

W. Sinkler

Process for Selective Removal and Concentration of Actinides and Heavy Metals from Water

371

(10)

B.P. Kiran

A.W. Apblett

Index

381

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Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries IX

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials