Ergonomics Process Management: A Blueprint for Quality and Compliance

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ISBN: 9781566702263 | 1566702267
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/7/1998

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This exceptional guidebook provides the strategies necessary to curtail ergonomic losses and costs associated with spiraling worker's compensation premiums and medical expenses, of major concern in all businesses. Ergonomic Process Management is meant to be an application and implementation "operator's manual". This one-of-a-kind resource provides professionals and students with step-by-step guidance on the management and behavior modification principles necessary to successfully implement ergonomic science and technology into the real world occupational environment.

Chapter 1 Introduction to Ergonomics

(14)

James P. Kohn

What Is Ergonomics?

(1)

Ergonomics versus Human Factors Engineering

(1)

The Ergonomics Objective

(1)

Is Ergonomics Something New?

(1)

Is Ergonomics Important? Why?

(1)

What Does Ergonomics Really Cost?

(4)

Ergonomic Medical Costs

(1)

Ergonomic Legal Costs

(1)

General Ergonomic Costs to Organizations

(1)

Employee Costs

(1)

What Is the Extent of the Problem and Benefits of Ergonomics Programs?

(1)

What Are Common Ergonomic Problems?

(2)

Cumulative Trauma Disorders

(1)

Using a Systems Approach to Ergonomics: The Key to Success Is the System or "Program versus Process"

(2)

The Purpose of this Book

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(3)

Chapter 2 Physiological Foundations of Ergonomics

(12)

Celeste A. Winterberger

Human Physiological Systems

(1)

Examination of the Cardiovascular System

(1)

Examination of the Nervous System

(2)

Examination of the Muscular System

(1)

Examination of the Skeletal System

(1)

Physiology of the Endocrine System

(1)

Examination of the Respiratory System

(1)

Examination of the Gastrointestinal System

(1)

Physiology of the Back

(1)

Physiology of the Upper Extremities

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(2)

Chapter 3 Anthropometrics and Biomechanics: Physiological Characteristics of the Worker

(16)

James P. Kohn

Introduction

(1)

Anthropometrics

(2)

Structural versus Functional Anthropometrics

(1)

Statistical Concepts and Anthropometric Applications

(1)

Biomechanics

(2)

Biomechanical Classification of Movements

(1)

Physiological Categories of Movement

(1)

Operational Categories of Movement

(1)

The Importance of Anthropometrics and Biomechanics

(1)

Anthropometric and Biomechanical Techniques Applied to Ergonomic Hazard Analysis

(3)

Anthropometric and Biomechanical Techniques Applied to Ergonomic Hazard Control

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(1)

Addendum

(7)

Chapter 4 Behavioral Foundations of the Ergonomic Process

(24)

Elizabeth J. Layman

Understanding Behavioral Models

(1)

Human Behavior Theory

(9)

Models of Motivation

(8)

Models of Change

(2)

Establishing an Ergonomic and Safety Culture

(1)

Dynamics of Behavior Change

(6)

Behavior Modification and Ergonomic Process Management

(2)

Strategies and Options for Obtaining/Sustaining Desired Performance

(1)

References

(4)

Chapter 5 Workstations, Tools, Equipment, and the Workplace Environment

(18)

James P. Kohn

Introduction

(1)

Advantages of Modifying Workstations and Facilities

(1)

Workstation and Facility Modification Strategies

(1)

Workstations

(1)

Seated Workstations

(1)

Standing Workstations

(1)

Combination Workstations

(1)

Workstation Layout and Design

(1)

Facility Layout and Design

(1)

Facility Traffic Flow and Storage Requirements

(1)

An Example

(1)

Hand/Power Tools and Ergonomics

(1)

Computer Workstations/Video Display Terminals (VDTs)

(2)

Environment

(3)

Accommodations for the Disabled

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(3)

Chapter 6 Repetitive Motion Problems and the Ergonomic Management Process

(16)

James P. Kohn

Introduction

(1)

Common Types of Upper Extremity Repetitive Motion Injuries/Illnesses

(2)

Starting an Investigation of Upper Extremity Repetitive Motion Problems

(2)

Medical Diagnosis of Upper Extremity Repetitive Stress Problems

(1)

Repetitive Stress Injury Control

(2)

Administrative Controls

(1)

Engineering Controls

(1)

Back Injuries and Lifting -- A Special Example of Repetitive Stress

(2)

Back Injury Risk Factors

(2)

NIOSH Lifting Guidelines

(3)

1981 NIOSH Lifting Equation

(2)

1991 NIOSH Lifting Equation

(1)

References

(3)

Chapter 7 Ergonomic Process Management

101

(60)

James P. Kohn

Introduction

101

(1)

Ergonomic Process Management

101

(1)

"Safety Management" and "Meatpacking" Guidelines

102

(1)

Management Commitment and Employee Involvement

103

(2)

Responsibilities of Management

104

(1)

Written Program

105

(1)

Employee Involvement

105

(1)

Regular Program Review and Evaluation

106

(1)

Program Elements

106

(4)

Worksite Analysis

107

(1)

Hazard Prevention and Control

108

(1)

Medical Management

109

(1)

Training and Education

110

(1)

Conclusion

110

(1)

References

111

(1)

Addendum One: Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines

112

(23)

Addendum Two: Ergonomics Program Management Guidelines for Meatpacking Plants

135

(26)

Chapter 8 Getting the Ergonomics Process Started

161

(28)

Mark D. Hansen

Getting Your Facts Straight

161

(2)

Epidemiological Support

161

(1)

Social/Legal Support

162

(1)

Finding and Working with Professional Ergonomists

163

(3)

Certifications

163

(1)

Professional Societies

164

(1)

Education and Experience

164

(1)

Ergonomics Background

165

(1)

Track Record and Project Experience

165

(1)

References

165

(1)

Realistic Expectations

165

(1)

Other Considerations

165

(1)

Locating Potential Ergonomic Problems (Worksite Analysis)

166

(14)

Obtaining Top Management Support

180

(6)

Management Support

180

(1)

Corporate Policy

181

(3)

Supervisory Support

184

(1)

Worker Support

184

(1)

Ergonomics Committee

185

(1)

Summary

185

(1)

Establishing an Ergonomic Process Budget

186

(1)

Ergonomic Services

186

(1)

Ergonomic Products

186

(1)

Conclusion

187

(1)

References

188

(1)

Chapter 9 Ergonomic Task Analysis and Risk Assessment

189

(24)

James P. Kohn

Donald S. Bloswick

Introduction

189

(2)

Passive Surveillance

191

(2)

OSHA 200 Logs

191

(1)

First Aid Logs

192

(1)

Workers' Compensation Records

193

(1)

Active Surveillance

193

(5)

Health Risk Surveys/Confidential Symptoms Questionnaires

194

(1)

Ergonomic Process Job Analysis

195

(2)

Work Cycle Analysis

197

(1)

Quantitative Ergonomics Analysis Methods

198

(5)

Example of Low Back and Shoulder Moment Stress Calculations

201

(2)

Effective Surveillance and Ergonomic Process Management

203

(5)

General Team Member Methods

205

(2)

Trained Professional/Team Member Methods

207

(1)

Conclusion

208

(1)

References

208

(2)

Addendum: Guidelines for Preparing Videotape for Upper Extremity

Donald S. Bloswick

Cumulative Trauma Disorders

210

(3)

Chapter 10 Controlling Ergonomic Hazards

213

(34)

Mark D. Hansen

James P. Kohn

Introduction

213

(1)

Administrative Controls

214

(1)

Engineering Controls

214

(3)

Maintenance Personnel

217

(1)

Engineering Personnel

217

(1)

Engineering and Maintenance as Part of the Ergonomics Team

218

(1)

Implementing the Ergonomics Process

218

(1)

Prioritize the Hazard

218

(1)

Bringing It All Together

219

(1)

General Design/Control Strategies for Manual Material Handling

219

(2)

General Design/Control Strategies for the Upper Extremity

221

(1)

General Design/Control Strategies for the Lower Extremity

222

(1)

Hand Tools

223

(1)

Segmental and Whole-Body Vibration

224

(1)

Work Organization

225

(4)

Information Processing

229

(2)

Conclusion

231

(1)

References

231

(1)

Addendum: Practical Ergonomic Solutions via Cost-Effective Rapidly

Deployed Automation

232

(1)

Joseph R. Davis

Introduction

232

(1)

Definitions

232

(1)

Categories of Automated/Mechanized/Robotic Technologies

232

(1)

Relationship of Ergonomics, Automation, and Industrial Profitability

233

(1)

Role of Automation per OSHA Guidelines for Ergonomics

234

(1)

Ergonomic Hazards and Appropriate Automated/Mechanized Solutions

234

(3)

Justification of Automation/Mechanization

237

(2)

Cost Reductions and Cost Avoidances

238

(1)

Economic Measures

238

(1)

Intangibles, Special Circumstances, and Multicriteria Considerations

239

(1)

Efficient Implementation of Automation/Mechanization

239

(3)

Success Tips for Automation/Mechanization Projects

239

(1)

Design-for-Automation (DFA) Guidelines

240

(1)

Human Aspects and Safety Considerations

240

(1)

Automation/Mechanization as Core Competency or Obtain via Outsourcing

241

(1)

Technology Assistance and Information Sources (Internet, MEP, Etc.)

241

(1)

Case Study

242

(2)

Conclusion

244

(1)

References

244

(1)

Chapter 11 Efficient Decision Making for Ergonomic Problem Solving

247

(24)

Joseph R. Davis

Abstract

247

(1)

Introduction

247

(1)

Background

248

(3)

Expected Costs for Compliance

248

(1)

Expected Penalties for Noncompliance

249

(1)

Past Industry Response and Relative Importance of Decision Factors

250

(1)

Industry Attitudes and Action Alternatives

250

(1)

General Model for Ergonomic Decision Analysis

251

(7)

Decision Models and Methods

253

(2)

Definitions and Assumptions for Model

255

(1)

General Model in Tabular Fill-in-the-Blank Format

255

(1)

General Example of Ergonomic Problem Solving

256

(2)

Specific Examples of Real-World Ergonomic Problem Solving

258

(10)

Case Study of a Medical Device Assembly Plant

259

(1)

Case Study from 1997 GAO Report on Private Sector Ergonomics Programs

260

(4)

Case Study from 1997 Ergonomics Casebook

264

(1)

Questions and Answers for Case Studies

265

(3)

Conclusion

268

(1)

References

268

(3)

Chapter 12 Medical Management and Health-Care Providers' Roles in the Ergonomic Management Process

271

(12)

Leslie C. Ridings

James P. Kohn

Introduction

271

(1)

The Medical Management Element

272

(3)

What Is Medical Management?

272

(1)

What Does Medical Management Require?

272

(1)

What Are the Important Components of Medical Management?

273

(1)

What Are the Employer's Responsibilities?

274

(1)

What Are the Employee's Responsibilities?

274

(1)

What Are the Health-Care Providers' Responsibilities?

275

(1)

Health-Care Providers

275

(2)

Who Is Considered a Health-Care Provider?

275

(1)

What Are the Responsibilities of the Health-Care Providers?

275

(1)

How Are the Health-Care Providers Involved in the Process?

276

(1)

Ergonomic Process Management and the Medical Management System

277

(3)

Determining Medical Treatment Strategies -- The Occupational Nurse

277

(1)

Determining Medical Treatment Strategies -- All Health-Care Providers

278

(1)

Determining Medical Treatment Strategies -- Physicians

279

(1)

Determining Medical Treatment Strategies -- Rehabilitation Professionals

279

(1)

Summary

280

(1)

References

281

(2)

Chapter 13 Training Requirements for Effective Ergonomic Process Management

283

(12)

James P. Kohn

Introduction

283

(1)

Fundamental Concepts of Ergonomics Training

284

(8)

General Ergonomics Awareness Training

285

(3)

Ergonomic Job-Specific Training

288

(1)

Ergonomic Committee/Team Training

289

(1)

Effective Ergonomics Training Programs

290

(2)

Conclusion

292

(1)

References

293

(2)

Chapter 14 Resources Useful in Developing the Ergonomic Process

295

(58)

James P. Kohn

Introduction

295

(1)

Equipment Suppliers

295

(15)

Books

310

(9)

Handbooks

319

(1)

Dictionaries

320

(1)

Encyclopedias

321

(1)

Organizations

321

(7)

University Resources

328

(1)

Federal/State Resources

328

(11)

Journals and Indexes

339

(5)

Internet Addresses

344

(2)

Catalogs

346

(1)

Consultants

347

(6)

Index

353

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Ergonomics Process Management: A Blueprint for Quality and Compliance

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