Essential German Grammar

This logical, developmental presentation of the major aspects of Italian grammar includes all the necessary tools for speech and comprehension. Designed for adults with limited learning time who wish to acquire the basics of everyday Italian, this grammar features numerous shortcuts and timesavers. Ideal as an introduction, supplement, or refresher.

Introduction

7

(4)

Suggestions for Vocabulary Building

11

(2)

How to Turn Statements into Questions

13

(1)

How to Negate Statements

14

(2)

Nouns

16

(7)

Using Nouns in German

16

(2)

Noun Groups

18

(3)

Irregular Nouns

21

(1)

Mixed Declensions

22

(1)

Articles and Pronominal Adjectives

23

(9)

Gender and the Definite Article

23

(1)

The Word for ``the'' (The Definite Article)

24

(1)

The Words for ``a'' and ``an'' (The Indefinite Article)

25

(2)

The ``der-words''

27

(1)

The ``ein-words''

28

(2)

The Word ``kein''

30

(2)

Adjectives and Adverbs

32

(10)

Adjective Endings

32

(1)

Adjectives with ``der-words''

32

(2)

Adjectives with ``ein-words''

34

(1)

Independent Adjectives

35

(1)

Predicate Adjectives

36

(1)

Comparison of Adjectives

37

(1)

Using the Comparative and Superlative of Adjectives

38

(1)

Making Comparisons

39

(1)

Adverbs

40

(1)

The Word ``gern''

41

(1)

Pronouns

42

(5)

Personal Pronouns

42

(1)

How to Say ``you''

43

(1)

Relative Pronouns

44

(1)

Word Order after Relative Pronouns

45

(1)

Interrogative Pronouns

46

(1)

Prepositions

47

(3)

Contracted Forms

49

(1)

Simple Verbs

50

(24)

The Present Tense

60

Forming the Present Tense in German

50

(1)

Forming the Present Tense of Stem-changing Verbs

51

(1)

The Verbs ``to be'' and ``to have''

52

(1)

The Past Participle

53

(1)

How to Tell a Strong Verb from a Weak Verb

54

(1)

Forming the Past Participle of Weak Verbs

54

(1)

Forming the Past Participle of Strong Verbs

55

(1)

Some Exceptions

55

(1)

The Conversational Past Tense

56

(2)

``Haben'' and ``sein'' as Auxiliary Verbs

58

(1)

How to Form the Simple Past Tense

59

(1)

How to Use the Simple Past Tense

60

(1)

Commands

61

(1)

Verbs with ``du'' and ``ihr''

61

(2)

How to Form the Future Tense

63

(1)

Reflexive Verbs and Reflexive Pronouns

64

(2)

Forming the Passive Voice

66

(1)

How to Avoid the Passive Voice

67

(1)

Expressing ``must,'' ``can,'' and ``want to''

67

(3)

Would and Should

70

(1)

Impersonal Verbs

71

(2)

Verbs that Take Their Objects in the Dative Case

73

(1)

Compound Verbs

74

(7)

Prefixes and Verbs (Compound Verbs)

74

(1)

Separable Verbs

75

(1)

How Separable and Simple Verbs Differ

76

(3)

Inseparable Verbs

79

(1)

How to Tell Whether a Compound Verb is Separable or Inseparable

79

(2)

Forms You Should Remember for German Verbs

81

(2)

Telling Time

83

(1)

Word Order

84

(8)

German Word Order

84

(1)

The Position of Verbs in the Sentence

84

(4)

Avoiding Intricate Word Order

88

(2)

Word Order of Adverbs and Objects

90

(2)

Appendix

92

(12)

Questions of German Spelling and Punctuation

92

(1)

An Outline of the German Cases and Their Uses

93

(4)

List of Common Strong Verbs

97

(4)

Some Common Verbs with Separable Prefixes

101

(3)

A Glossary of Grammatical Terms

104

(15)

The Parts of Speech

104

(3)

Words about Verbs

107

(4)

Words about Nouns

111

(4)

Miscellaneous Terms

115

(1)

The Parts of the Sentence

115

(4)

Index

119

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Essential German Grammar

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials