Essentials of Diagnosis & Treatment in Emergency Medicine

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ISBN: 9780071440585 | 0071440585
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/11/2005

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Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, TX. Pocket-sized guide offers one-page monographs on the diagnosis and treatment of situations encountered by emergency physicians. Contains more than 500 common traumas, conditions, and nontrauma emergencies in bulleted points. Also includes differential diagnosis, pearls, and references for each entry. Softcover.

Contributors

xvii

Preface

xxiii

1. Shock

(6)

Anaphylactic Shock

(1)

Cardiogenic Shock

(1)

Hypovolemic Shock

(1)

Neurogenic Shock

(1)

Obstructive Shock

(1)

Septic Shock

(1)

2. Cardiac Emergencies

(30)

Acute Coronary Syndrome

(1)

Atrial Fibrillation

(1)

Atrial Flutter

(1)

Atrioventricular Block, First-Degree

(1)

Atrioventricular Block, Second-Degree, Type I (Mobitz Type I, Wenckebach)

(1)

Atrioventricular Block, Second-Degree, Type II (Mobitz Type II)

(1)

Atrioventricular Block, Third-Degree (Complete Heart Block)

(1)

Cardiac Tamponade

(1)

Cardiomyopathy

(1)

Congestive Heart Failure

(1)

Hypertensive Crisis

(1)

Idioventricular Rhythm

(1)

Junctional Rhythm

(1)

Mitral Regurgitation, Acute

(1)

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

(1)

Myocardial Infarction, Acute

(1)

Myocardial Rupture

(1)

Mycarditis

(1)

Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

(1)

Pericardial Effusion

(1)

Pericarditis

(1)

Sick Sinus Syndrome

(1)

Sinus Arrest

(1)

Sinus Bradycardia

(1)

Sinus Tachycardia

(1)

Torsades de Pointes

(1)

Ventricular Fibrillation

(1)

Ventricular Septal Rupture

(1)

Ventricular Tachycardia

(1)

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

(1)

3. Pulmonary Emergencies

(12)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

(1)

Aspiration Pneumonia

(1)

Asthma

(1)

Bronchitis

(1)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

(1)

Cystic Fibrosis

(1)

Interstitial Pulmonary Disease

(1)

Pleural Effusion

(1)

Pneumonia

(1)

Pneumothorax, Spontaneous

(1)

Pulmonary Embolus

(1)

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

(1)

4. Gastrointestinal Emergencies

(29)

Appendicitis

(1)

Ascites

(1)

Biliary Colic

(1)

Boerhaave Syndrome

(1)

Cholangitis

(1)

Cholecystitis, Acute

(1)

Cirrhosis

(1)

Colitis, Ischemic

(1)

Colitis, Ulcerative

(1)

Crohn Disease

(1)

Diverticulitis

(1)

Diverticulosis

(1)

Gastritis

(1)

Gastroenteritis

(1)

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

(1)

Hemorrhoids

(1)

Hepatic Abscess

(1)

Hepatic Encephalopathy

(1)

Hepatitis, Alcoholic

(1)

Hepatitis, Viral

(1)

Incarcerated Hernia

(1)

Intestinal Obstruction

(1)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(1)

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

(1)

Meckel Diverticulum

(1)

Pancreatitis, Acute

(1)

Peptic Ulcer Disease

(1)

Perforated Peptic Ulcer

(1)

Variceal Bleeding

(1)

5. Neurologic Emergencies

(20)

Bell's Palsy

(1)

Brain Abscess

(1)

Brain Tumor

(1)

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

(1)

Headache, Cluster

(1)

Headache, Migraine

(1)

Headache, Tension

(1)

Myasthenia Gravis

(1)

Poliomyelitis

(1)

Pseudotumor Cerebri

(1)

Seizure

(1)

Status Epilepticus

(1)

Stroke, Hemorrhagic (Intracerebral Hemorrhage)

(1)

Stroke, Ischemic

(1)

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

(1)

Syncope

(1)

Temporal Arteritis (Giant Cell Arteritis)

(1)

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

(1)

Trigeminal Neuralgia

(1)

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

(1)

6. Genitourinary Emergencies

(13)

Cystitis

(1)

Epididymitis

(1)

Fournier Gangrene

100

(1)

Hematuria

101

(1)

Orchitis

102

(1)

Paraphimosis

103

(1)

Phimosis

104

(1)

Priapism

105

(1)

Prostatitis

106

(1)

Pyelonephritis

107

(1)

Renal Colic

108

(1)

Renal Failure, Acute

109

(1)

Testicular Torsion

110

(1)

7. Vascular Emergencies

111

(8)

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

111

(1)

Acute Arterial Occlusion of Extremity Large Vessels

112

(1)

Acute Arterial Occlusion of Extremity Small Vessels

113

(1)

Aortic Dissection

114

(1)

Deep Vein Thrombosis

115

(1)

Mesenteric Ischemia

116

(1)

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

117

(1)

Thrombophlebitis, Superficial

118

(1)

8. Hematologic Emergencies

119

(13)

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)

119

(1)

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

120

(1)

Hemophilia

121

(1)

Iron Deficiency Anemia

122

(1)

Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)

123

(1)

Mononucleosis

124

(1)

Multiple Myeloma

125

(1)

Sickle Cell Anemia: Acute Chest Syndrome

126

(1)

Sickle Cell Anemia: Pain Crisis

127

(1)

Sickle Cell Anemia: Aplastic Crisis

128

(1)

Transfusion Reaction

129

(1)

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP)

130

(1)

Von Willebrand Disease

131

(1)

9. Infectious Disease Emergencies

132

(21)

Cellulitis

132

(1)

Chancroid

133

(1)

Chlamydia

134

(1)

Clostridial Myonecrosis

135

(1)

Cryptococcal Meningitis

136

(1)

Disseminated Gonococcemia

137

(1)

Encephalitis

138

(1)

Erysipelas

139

(1)

Genital Herpes

140

(1)

Gonorrhea

141

(1)

Infective Endocarditis

142

(1)

Lyme Disease

143

(1)

Meningitis

144

(1)

Meningococcemia

145

(1)

Necrotizing Fasciitis

146

(1)

Osteomyelitis

147

(1)

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

148

(1)

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

149

(1)

Syphilis

150

(1)

Toxic Shock Syndrome

151

(1)

Trichomoniasis

152

(1)

10. Metabolic & Endocrine Emergencies

153

(13)

Adrenal Insufficiency, Acute

153

(1)

Central Diabetes Insipidus

154

(1)

Hyperglycemia without Ketosis

155

(1)

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)

156

(1)

Hypoglycemia

157

(1)

Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

158

(1)

Ketoacidosis, Alcoholic (AKA)

159

(1)

Ketoacidosis, Diabetic (DKA)

160

(1)

Lactic Acidosis

161

(1)

Myxedema Coma

162

(1)

Pheochromocytoma

163

(1)

Pituitary Apoplexy

164

(1)

Thyroid Storm

165

(1)

11. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Emergencies

166

(14)

Hypercalcemia

166

(1)

Hyperkalemia

167

(1)

Hypermagnesemia

168

(1)

Hypernatremia

169

(1)

Hyperphosphatemia

170

(1)

Hypocalcemia

171

(1)

Hypokalemia

172

(1)

Hypomagnesemia

173

(1)

Hyponatremia

174

(1)

Hypophosphatemia

175

(1)

Metabolic Acidosis

176

(1)

Metabolic Alkalosis

177

(1)

Respiratory Acidosis

178

(1)

Respiratory Alkalosis

179

(1)

12. Rheumatologic Emergencies

180

(12)

Ankylosing Spondylitis

180

(1)

Arthritis, Psoriatic

181

(1)

Arthritis, Rheumatoid

182

(1)

Arthritis, Septic

183

(1)

Arthritis, Traumatic

184

(1)

Bursitis

185

(1)

Gout

186

(1)

Osteoarthritis

187

(1)

Pseudogout

188

(1)

Reiter Syndrome

189

(1)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

190

(1)

Tendonitis

191

(1)

13. Obstetric & Gynecologic Emergencies

192

(21)

Adnexal Torsion

192

(1)

Bartholin Abscess

193

(1)

Cervicitis, Mucopurulent

194

(1)

Dysmenorrhea (Painful Menstruation)

195

(1)

Eclampsia

196

(1)

Ectopic Pregnancy

197

(1)

Endo metriosis

198

(1)

Endometritis, Postpartum

199

(1)

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

200

(1)

Mastitis, Postpartum

201

(1)

Miscarriage (Spontaneous Abortion)

202

(1)

Ovarian Cyst, Ruptured

203

(1)

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID; Salpingitis)

204

(1)

Placenta Previa

205

(1)

Placental Abruption

206

(1)

Preeclampsia

207

(1)

Septic Abortion

208

(1)

Sexual Assault

209

(1)

Tuboovarian Abscess (TOA)

210

(1)

Uterine Prolapse

211

(1)

Vaginitis

212

(1)

14. Eye Emergencies

213

(22)

Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma

213

(1)

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

214

(1)

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

215

(1)

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

216

(1)

Conjunctivitis

217

(1)

Corneal Abrasions

218

(1)

Corneal Foreign Bodies

219

(1)

Corneal Ulcer

220

(1)

Dacryocystitis, Dacryoadenitis

221

(1)

Hordeolum

222

(1)

Hyphema

223

(1)

Ocular Chemical Burns

224

(1)

Ocular Thermal Burns

225

(1)

Ocular Ultraviolet Burns

226

(1)

Orbital Cellulitis

227

(1)

Penetrating Eye Trauma

228

(1)

Preseptal Cellulitis

229

(1)

Retinal Detachment

230

(1)

Retinal Hemorrhage

231

(1)

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

232

(1)

Uveitis

233

(1)

Vitreous Hemorrhage

234

(1)

15. ENT Emergencies

235

(16)

Benign Positional Vertigo

235

(1)

Croup

236

(1)

Dental Pain

237

(1)

Epiglottitis

238

(1)

Epistaxis

239

(1)

Mastoiditis

240

(1)

Ménière Disease

241

(1)

Nasal Foreign Body

242

(1)

Otitis Externa

243

(1)

Otitis Media

244

(1)

Peritonsillar Abscess (PTA)

245

(1)

Pharyngitis

246

(1)

Retropharyngeal Abscess

247

(1)

Sinusitis

248

(1)

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dislocation

249

(1)

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome

250

(1)

16. Head Trauma

251

(11)

Cerebral Contusion

251

(1)

Diffuse Axonal Injury

252

(1)

Hematoma, Epidural

253

(1)

Hematoma, Scalp

254

(1)

Hematoma, Subdural

255

(1)

Minor Head Injury

256

(1)

Skull Fracture, Basilar

257

(1)

Skull Fracture, Closed

258

(1)

Skull Fracture, Depressed

259

(1)

Skull Fracture, Open

260

(1)

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic

261

(1)

17. Maxillofacial & Neck Trauma

262

(14)

Blunt Neck Trauma

262

(1)

External Ear Trauma

263

(1)

Frontal Sinus Fracture

264

(1)

Lacerations of the Auricle

265

(1)

Le Fort Fracture

266

(1)

Mandible Fracture

267

(1)

Nasal Fracture

268

(1)

Orbital Floor (Blowout) Fracture

269

(1)

Otohematoma

270

(1)

Penetrating Neck Trauma

271

(1)

Tooth Avulsion

272

(1)

Tooth Fracture

273

(1)

Tooth Subluxation

274

(1)

Zygomaticomaxillary Complex (ZMC) Fracture

275

(1)

18. Chest Trauma

276

(13)

Aortic Disruption

276

(1)

Chest Trauma, Penetrating

277

(1)

Esophageal Disruption

278

(1)

Flail Chest

279

(1)

Hemopericardium

280

(1)

Hemothorax

281

(1)

Myocardial Contusion

282

(1)

Pneumothorax

283

(1)

Pneumothorax, Open

284

(1)

Pneumothorax, Tension

285

(1)

Pulmonary Contusion

286

(1)

Rib Fracture

287

(1)

Sternal Fracture

288

(1)

19. Abdominal Trauma

289

(6)

Diaphragmatic Injury

289

(1)

Duodenal Injury

290

(1)

Intestinal Injury

291

(1)

Liver Injury

292

(1)

Pancreatic Injury

293

(1)

Splenic Injury

294

(1)

20. Genitourinary Trauma

295

(7)

Bladder Injury

295

(1)

Penile Fracture

296

(1)

Renal Injury

297

(1)

Testicular Injury

298

(1)

Urethral Injuries, Anterior

299

(1)

Urethral Injuries, Posterior

300

(1)

Vaginal Injury

301

(1)

21. Vertebral & Spinal Injuries

302

(10)

C1 Fracture

302

(1)

Cervical Strain

303

(1)

Clay Shoveler Fracture (Spinous Process Fracture)

304

(1)

Compression Fracture

305

(1)

Hangman Fracture

306

(1)

Locked Facets, Bilateral

307

(1)

Locked Facets, Unilateral (Unilateral Interfacetal Dislocation)

308

(1)

Odontoid Fracture

309

(1)

Spinal Cord Injury

310

(1)

Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality (SCIWORA)

311

(1)

22. Orthopedic Emergencies

312

(37)

Achilles Tendon Rupture

312

(1)

Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Injury

313

(1)

Ankle Dislocation

314

(1)

Ankle Fracture

315

(1)

Calcaneus Fracture

316

(1)

Clavicle Fracture

317

(1)

Compartment Syndrome

318

(1)

Distal Femur Fracture

319

(1)

Elbow Dislocation

320

(1)

Femoral Shaft Fracture

321

(1)

Fibula Fracture

322

(1)

Forearm Fracture

323

(1)

Hip Fracture

324

(1)

Humerus Fracture

325

(1)

Knee Ligamentous Injury

326

(1)

Knee Dislocation

327

(1)

Meniscal Tear

328

(1)

Metatarsal Fracture

329

(1)

Olecranon Fracture

330

(1)

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

331

(1)

Patella Dislocation

332

(1)

Patella Fracture

333

(1)

Pelvic Fracture

334

(1)

Phalangeal Injury of the Foot

335

(1)

Radial Head Fracture

336

(1)

Radial Head Subluxation

337

(1)

Scapula Fracture

338

(1)

Shoulder Dislocation, Anterior

339

(1)

Shoulder Dislocation, Posterior

340

(1)

Sternoclavicular Dislocation

341

(1)

Subtalar Dislocation

342

(1)

Supracondylar Fracture

343

(1)

Talus Fracture

344

(1)

Tibial Plateau Fracture

345

(1)

Tibial Shaft Fracture

346

(1)

Traumatic Amputation

347

(1)

Wrist Fracture

348

(1)

23. Hand Emergencies

349

(22)

Boutonniere Deformity

349

(1)

Carpal Bone Fracture

350

(1)

Cellulitis

351

(1)

Extensor Tendon Laceration

352

(1)

Fascial Space Infection

353

(1)

Felon

354

(1)

Fingertip Amputation

355

(1)

Flexor Tendon Laceration

356

(1)

Gamekeeper's Thumb

357

(1)

Herpetic Whitlow

358

(1)

High-Pressure Injection Injury

359

(1)

Lunate Dislocation

360

(1)

Mallet Finger

361

(1)

Metacarpal Fracture

362

(1)

Nail Avulsion

363

(1)

Paronychia

364

(1)

Perilunate Dislocation

365

(1)

Phalangeal Dislocation

366

(1)

Phalangeal Fracture

367

(1)

Scapholunate Dissociation

368

(1)

Subungual Hematoma

369

(1)

Tenosynovitis

370

(1)

24. Dermatologic Emergencies

371

(16)

Angioedema

371

(1)

Contact Dermatitis

372

(1)

Erythema Multiforme Major (Steven-Johnson Syndrome)

373

(1)

Erythema Multiforme Minor

374

(1)

Herpes Simplex

375

(1)

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

376

(1)

Impetigo

377

(1)

Molluscum Contagiosum

378

(1)

Pediculosis

379

(1)

Pityriasis Rosea

380

(1)

Psoriasis

381

(1)

Scabies

382

(1)

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

383

(1)

Tinea

384

(1)

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

385

(1)

Urticaria

386

(1)

25. Psychiatric Emergencies

387

(9)

Alcohol Dependence

387

(1)

Alcohol Withdrawal

388

(1)

Bipolar Affective Disorder

389

(1)

Depression

390

(1)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

391

(1)

Panic Disorder

392

(1)

Personality Disorders

393

(1)

Psychotic Disorders

394

(1)

Somatoform Disorder

395

(1)

26. Emergencies Due to Physical & Environmental Agents

396

(31)

Acute Mountain Sickness

396

(1)

Arterial Gas Embolism

397

(1)

Bee & Wasp Stings

398

(1)

Black Widow Spider Bite

399

(1)

Brown Recluse Spider Bite

400

(1)

Cat Bite

401

(1)

Ciguatera Toxin Poisoning

402

(1)

Decompression Sickness

403

(1)

Dog Bite

404

(1)

Electric Shock & Burns

405

(1)

Frostbite

406

(1)

Heat Illness

407

(1)

High-Altitude Cerebral Edema

408

(1)

High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema

409

(1)

Hydrofluoric Acid Exposure

410

(1)

Immersion Syndrome (Trench Foot)

411

(1)

Jellyfish Envenomation

412

(1)

Lightning Injury

413

(1)

Near Drowning

414

(1)

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

415

(1)

Puffer Fish (Tetrodotoxin) Poisoning

416

(1)

Rabies

417

(1)

Radiation Injury

418

(1)

Scombroid Poisoning

419

(1)

Scorpion Sting

420

(1)

Sea Snake Envenomation

421

(1)

Smoke Inhalation

422

(1)

Snakebite

423

(1)

Stingray Envenomation

424

(1)

Tetanus

425

(1)

Thermal Burns

426

(1)

27. Poisoning

427

(34)

Acetaminophen

427

(1)

Amphetamines & Other Related Stimulants

428

(1)

Anticholinergics

429

(1)

Arsenic

430

(1)

β-Adrenergic Blocking Agents

431

(1)

Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents

432

(1)

Carbon Monoxide

433

(1)

Caustics & Corrosives

434

(1)

Cocaine & Local Anesthetics

435

(1)

Cyanide

436

(1)

Digoxin

437

(1)

Drug-Induced Methemoglobinemia

438

(1)

Ethanol

439

(1)

Ehtylene Glycol & Methanol

440

(1)

Hydrocarbons

441

(1)

Iron

442

(1)

Isoniazid

443

(1)

Isopropanol

444

(1)

Lead

445

(1)

Lithium

446

(1)

Mercury

447

(1)

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

448

(1)

Opiates

449

(1)

Organophosphates & Other Cholinesterase Inhibitors

450

(1)

Phencyclidine

451

(1)

Phenothiazines & Other Antipsychotics

452

(1)

Poisonous Mushrooms

453

(1)

Salicylates

454

(1)

Sedative-Hypnotics

455

(1)

Serotonin Antagonists

456

(1)

Serotonin Syndrome

457

(1)

Theophylline

458

(1)

Tricyclic Antidepressants

459

(1)

Warfarin & Other Anticoagulants

460

(1)

28. Pediatric Emergencies

461

(29)

Apnea

461

(1)

Appendicitis

462

(1)

Asthma

463

(1)

Bronchiolitis

464

(1)

Colic

465

(1)

Congestive Heart Failure

466

(1)

Dehydration

467

(1)

Esophageal Foreign Body

468

(1)

Exanthems

469

(1)

Febrile Seizure

470

(2)

Fever in Children Aged less than 3 Months 471

Fever in Children Aged 3-36 Months

472

(1)

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

473

(1)

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

474

(1)

Intussusception

475

(1)

Meckel Diverticulum

476

(1)

Meningitis

477

(1)

Osteomyelitis

478

(1)

Otitis Media, Acute

479

(1)

Periorbital Cellulitis

480

(1)

Pharyngitis

481

(1)

Physical Abuse

482

(1)

Pneumonia

483

(1)

Pyloric Stenosis

484

(1)

Septic Arthritis

485

(1)

Sexual Abuse

486

(1)

Upper Airway Obstruction

487

(1)

Urinary Tract Infection

488

(1)

Volvulus

489

(1)

29. Nuclear, Biologic, & Chemical Agents of Terrorism

490

(9)

Anthrax

490

(1)

Botulinum Toxin

491

(1)

Cyanide Agents

492

(1)

G Agents & VX

493

(1)

Hemorrhagic Fever

494

(1)

Plague

495

(1)

Q Fever

496

(1)

Smallpox

497

(1)

Sulfur Mustard

498

(1)

Index

499

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Essentials of Diagnosis & Treatment in Emergency Medicine

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials