Ethics For Life

, by Boss, Judith

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ISBN: 9780073407531 | 0073407534
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/15/2010

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Summary

This clear, well-organized overview of theoretical ethics employs a contemporary tone and framework. Multicultural coverage and attention to college students' moral development help readers relate the material to their own experience and their own moral growth. Both scholarly and practical, this text aims to significantly improve students' ability to make real-life moral decisions.

The Study of Ethics
Ethics: An Overview
What is Ethics?
Normative and Theoretical Ethics
Philosophy and the Search for Wisdom
Reading: Plato, "Allegory of the Cave"
Metaphysics and the Study of Human Nature
Moral Knowledge: Can Moral Beliefs Be True?
Reading: A.J. Ayer, "Emotivism"
Moral Reasoning
The Three Levels of Thinking
Moral Analysis, Praxis, and Paradigm Shifts
Overcoming Resistance
Reading: 1984 by George Orwell
Recognizing and Constructing Moral Arguments
Avoiding Logical Fallacies
Resolving Moral Dilemmas
Reading: Mary Midgley, Can't We Make Moral Judgments?
A Final Word
Ethical Relativism
Chapter 3
What is Ethical Subjectivism?
What Ethical Subjectivism Is Not
Reading: Stephen A. Satris, "Student Relativism"
The Roots of Ethical Subjectivism in Romantic Sentimentalism
Reading: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile
The Kitty Genovese Syndrome
Critique of Ethical Subjectivism
Cultural Relativism: Is Morality Dependent on Culture?
What is Cultural Relativism?
Distinguishing Between Cultural and Sociological Relativism
Social Darwinian Ethics: The Concept of Moral Progress
Ruth Benedict: Cultural Relativism as a Protest Against Social Darwinism
Reading: Ruth Benedict, "Anthropology and the Abnormal"
Cultural Relativism and the Moral Community
Reading: "We Are All Related" by Eagle Man
Cultural Relativism, Cross-Cultural Criticism, and Moral Progress
The Holocaust and Disillusionment with Cultural Relativism
Critique of Cultural Relativism
Beyond Ethical Relativism
Is Morality Grounded in Religion?
Religion and Morality
The Divine Command Theory
Reading: "Euthyphro" by Plato
Natural Law Theory
Reading: Thomas Aquinas, The Summa Theologica
Critique of Divine Command Theory
Critique of Natural Law Theory
Religion, Natural Law Theory, and Civil Disobedience
Civil Religion and Cultural Relativism
Religion and the Moral Community
God and the Problem of Evil
Does Morality Need Religion?
Conscience and Moral Development
Ethics and the Study of Human Development
Conscience: Culturally Relative or Universal?
The Affective and Cognitive Sides of the Conscience
Lawrence Kohlberg: The Stage Theory of Moral Development
Reading: Lawrence Kohlberg, The Philosophy of Moral Development
Carol Gilligan: The Care Perspective
Reading: Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice
James Rest: The Four Components of Moral Behavior
Moral Maturity: Moving Beyond Ethical Relativism
Morality as Universal
Ethical Egoism: Morality Is Acting in Our Best Self-Interest
What is Ethical Egoism?
Reading: Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan
Psychological Egoism
Ayn Rand: Objectivist Ethics and Rational Egoism
Reading: Ayn Rand, The Fountainhead
Ethical Egoism and Laissez-Faire Capitalism
Ethical Egoism and the Moral Community
Self-Interest and Happiness
Critique of Ethical Egoism
Utilitarianism: The Greatest Happiness Principle
Utilitarianism and the Principle of Utility
Mo Tzu: Utilitarianism as Universal Love
Jeremy Bentham: Utilitarianism and Social Reform
Reading: Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
John Stuart Mill: Reformulation of Utilitarianism
Reading: John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism and the Moral Community
Euthanasia and the Principle of Utility: Is Death Always Harm?
Critique of Utilitarianism
Deontology: The Ethics of Duty
Deontology and Duty
Confucius: Duty and the Community
Reading: Arthur Waley, trans., The Analects of Confucius
Immanuel Kant: The Categorical Imperative
READING: Immanuel Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Ethics
The Good Will and Proper Self-Esteem
Sissela Bok: Is the Duty Not to Lie Absolute?
W.D. Ross: Prima Facie Deontology
The Duty of Justice
Critique of Deontology
Rights Ethics: The Other Side of Deontology
The Emergence of Rights Ethics in Modern Society
Reading: United Nations, "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
Natural Rights Ethics
Reading: John Locke, Two Treatises of Civil Government
The Marxist Critique of Natural Rights Ethics
Rights and Duties
Liberty (Negative) Rights and Welfare (Positive) Rights
Rights and the Moral Community
Critique of Rights Ethics
Virtue Ethics and the Good Life
Virtue Ethics and Character
Aristotle: Reason and Virtue
Reading: Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
Confucius and Aristotle: The Doctrine of the Mean
David Hume: Sentiment and Virtue
Nel Noddings: Feminist Care Ethics
Nel Noddings, Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education
Is Virtue Relative to Culture, Social Status, and Gender?
The Unity of Virtue
Virtue and Moral Education
Critique of Virtue Ethics
Afterward
Glossary
Notes
Photo and Illustration Credits
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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Ethics For Life

Summary

Table of Contents

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