Ethics in Practice An Anthology

The fourth edition of Ethics in Practice offers an impressive collection of 70 new, revised, and classic essays covering 13 key ethical issues. Essays integrate ethical theory and the discussion of practical moral problems into a text that is ideal for introductory and applied ethics courses.

• A fully updated and revised edition of this authoritative anthology of classic and contemporary essays covering a wide range of ethical and moral issues
• Integrates ethical theory with discussions of practical moral problems, and includes three essays on theory written specifically for this volume
• Nearly half of the essays are written or revised exclusively for this anthology, which now also features eleven essays new to this edition, as well as expanded sections discussing theory, reproductive technologies, war and terrorism, and animals
• Content allows teachers to discuss discrete practical issues (e.g., euthanasia), focus on the broader grouping of topics (e.g., life and death), or focus on common themes which bridge sections (sexism, moral standing, individualism and community)
• Section introductions not only outline the basic issues discussed in the essays, but relate them to theoretical perspectives and practical issues discussed elsewhere in the book.
• Guides students with supporting introductory essays on reading philosophy, theorizing about ethics, writing a philosophy paper, and a supporting web site at www.hughlafollette.com/eip4/

Hugh LaFollette is Marie E. and Leslie Cole Professor in Ethics at the University of South Florida St. Petersburg. He is editor-in-chief of the International Encyclopedia of Ethics (2013, Wiley-Blackwell), author of three books, including The Practice of Ethics (2007) and editor of six more, in ethics. Most of his published essays have been in ethics, political philosophy, and the philosophy of law.

Acknowledgments xii

Source Acknowledgments xiii

General Introduction 1

Theorizing about Ethics 3

Reading Philosophy 11

Writing a Philosophy Paper [N] 15

Part I Ethical Theory 23

Ethical Theory 25

1 Consequentialism [NR] 28
William H. Shaw

2 Deontology [W] 37
David McNaughton and Piers Rawling

3 Rights [NW] 49
George W. Rainbolt

4 Virtue Theory [W] 60
Rosalind Hursthouse

Part II Life and Death 71

Euthanasia 73

5 Rule-Utilitarianism and Euthanasia [W] 76
Brad Hooker

6 Justifying Physician-Assisted Deaths [W] 85
Tom L. Beauchamp

7 Against the Right to Die [R] 92
J. David Velleman

8 Dying at the Right Time: Reflections on (Un)Assisted Suicide [W] 101
John Hardwig

9 A Duty to Care Revisited [R] 112
Felicia Cohn and Joanne Lynn

Abortion 121

10 A Defense of Abortion 124
Judith Jarvis Thomson

11 On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion [R] 132
Mary Anne Warren

12 An Argument that Abortion is Wrong [W] 141
Don Marquis

13 The Moral Permissibility of Abortion 151
Margaret Olivia Little

14 Virtue Theory and Abortion [R] 160
Rosalind Hursthouse

Animals 169

15 All Animals are Equal 172
Peter Singer

16 Moral Standing, the Value of Lives, and Speciesism 181
R. G. Frey

17 The Case for Animal Rights 192
Tom Regan

18 The Case for the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research [N] 198
Carl Cohen

19 Why Cohen is Mistaken [NR] 204
Hugh LaFollette

Part III The Personal Life 215

Family and Sexuality 217

20 What Do Grown Children Owe Their Parents? 219
Jane English

21 Morality, Parents, and Children 223
James Rachels

22 Missing Staircases and the Marriage Debate: Is Same-Sex Marriage Bad for Children? [NR] 233
John Corvino

23 What Is Marriage For? Children Need Mothers and Fathers [N] 239
Maggie Gallagher

Biomedical Technologies 245

24 Artificial Means of Reproduction and Our Understanding of the Family 247
Ruth Macklin

25 Is Women’s Labor a Commodity? 255
Elizabeth S. Anderson

26 “Goodbye Dolly?” The Ethics of Human Cloning 265
John Harris

27 The Wisdom of Repugnance: Why We Should Ban the Cloning of Humans 274
Leon R. Kass

28 Cognitive Enhancement 283
Allen Buchanan and David R. Crawford [NW]

Part IV Liberty and Equality 291

Paternalism and Risk 293

29 Freedom of Action 295
John Stuart Mill

30 On Improving People by Political Means 299
Lester H. Hunt

31 Against the Legalization of Drugs 309
James Q. Wilson

32 Why We Should Decriminalize Drug Use [R] 314
Douglas Husak

33 The Liberal Basis of the Right to Bear Arms [R] 323
Todd C. Hughes and Lester H. Hunt

34 Gun Control 334
Hugh LaFollette

Free Speech 346

35 Freedom of Thought and Discussion 348
John Stuart Mill

36 “The Price We Pay?” Pornography and Harm [R] 352
Susan J. Brison

37 The Right to Get Turned On: Pornography, Autonomy, Equality 361
Andrew Altman

38 Sticks and Stones [W] 370
John Arthur

39 Speech Codes and Expressive Harm [W] 381
Andrew Altman

Sexual and Racial Discrimination 389

40 Racism 392
Michele Moody-Adams

41 Servility and Self-Respect 401
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.

42 Sexual Harassment 407
Anita M. Superson

43 Date Rape 415
Lois Pineau

44 Men in Groups: Collective Responsibility for Rape [R] 422
Larry May and Robert Strikwerda

Affirmative Action 431

45 The Case against Affirmative Action [R] 433
Louis P. Pojman

46 The Rights of Allan Bakke 443
Ronald Dworkin

47 Affirmative Action as Equalizing Opportunity: Challenging the Myth of “Preferential Treatment” [W] 449
Luke Charles Harris and Uma Narayan

Part V Justice 461

Punishment 463

48 Punishment and Desert [W] 466
James Rachels

49 Out of Character: On the Psychology of Excuses in the Criminal Law [W] 474
John M. Doris

50 Does Punishment Work? [W] 484
John Paul Wright, Francis T. Cullen, and Kevin M. Beaver

51 In Defense of the Death Penalty 494
Louis P. Pojman

52 Against the Death Penalty 503
Jeffrey Reiman

Economic Justice 510

53 A Theory of Justice 513
John Rawls

54 The Entitlement Theory of Justice 524
Robert Nozick

55 Displacing the Distributive Paradigm 535
Iris Marion Young

56 Economic Competition: Should We Care about the Losers? [W] 545
Jonathan Wolff

World Hunger 552

57 Famine, Affluence, and Morality 554
Peter Singer

58 Famine Relief and the Ideal Moral Code [W] 563
John Arthur

59 Eradicating Systemic Poverty: Brief for a Global Resources Dividend [R] 571
Thomas W. Pogge

60 Feeding People versus Saving Nature [R] 583
Holmes Rolston III

Environment 592

61 The Value of Nature [NW] 594
Ronald Sandler

62 A Place for Cost-Benefit Analysis [R] 602
David Schmidtz

63 Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments 611
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.

64 A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics, and the Problem of Moral Corruption [NR] 620
Stephen M. Gardiner

War, Terrorism, and Reconciliation 631

65 Is the War on Terrorism a Defense of Civilization? [N] 634
Stephen Nathanson

66 Just War Doctrine and the Military Response to Terrorism [R] 640
Joseph Boyle

67 Nipping Evil in the Bud: The Questionable Ethics of Preventive Force [W] 649
Douglas P. Lackey

68 The Justifiability of Humanitarian Intervention [R] 658
Charles R. Beitz

69 Pacifism: Reclaiming the Moral Presumption [W] 666
William J. Hawk

70 Political Reconciliation [NR] 675
Colleen Murphy

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