The EU and Neighbors: A Geography of Europe in the Modern World, 2nd Edition

PART I SYSTEMATIC SURVEY

CHAPTER 1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS 15

A View from Space 15

Climate and Weather 16

The Variability of European Weather 18

General Climate Considerations 20

Natural Vegetation 25

Topography: Mountains, Plateaux, Rivers, Plains, and Coasts 28

Human Impact on the Environment 35

Further Reading 37

CHAPTER 2 CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY 38

Introduction 38

A Mosaic of Cultures 39

Languages 40

Religions 51

Culture Contrasts 60

Further Reading 62

CHAPTER 3 POPULATION, DISTRIBUTION, DENSITY, MIGRATION AND AGING 63

Introduction 63

Robert Malthus 64

Demographic History 64

The Demographic Transition 67

Distribution of Population 72

EU Population Trends 80

Further Reading 85

CHAPTER 4 RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS 86

Introduction 86

The Network of Roman Towns 86

The Medieval City 88

The Renaissance City 94

The Industrial City 104

Rural Settlement 107

Settlements in the Modern Era 113

Ethnic Communities in European

Cities 125

Summary 125

Further Reading 127

CHAPTER 5 ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY: AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY, AND SERVICES 128

Introduction 128

Sectors of the Economy 130

Agriculture 130

Industrialization 139

The Stages of European Economic Growth 149

The Impact of Globalization 153

The Impact of the EU on Agriculture, Industry, and Services 154

Summary 156

Further Reading 157

CHAPTER 6 POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY 158

Friedrich Ratzel 158

Mackinder and Bowman 158

World War I 160

Ideas for a United Europe 165

Totalitarian Regimes and Economic Autarcky 166

The New Order in Europe 171

New European Boundaries After World War II 174

The Cold War 175

Economic Cooperation in Western Europe 176

EU Enlargement in 1995 185

Widening Versus Deepening 189

Summary 193

Further Reading 194

PART II THE CORE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

CHAPTER 7 FRANCE AND THE BENELUX COUNTRIES 199

Introduction 199

France 200

Belgium 218

The Netherlands 225

Luxembourg 232

Further Reading 235

CHAPTER 8 GERMANY AND ITALY 236

Introduction 236

Germany 236

Italy 255

Summary 273

Further Reading 273

PART III ENLARGEMENT OF EU

CHAPTER 9 DENMARK, IRELAND, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM 277

Introduction 277

Denmark 279

Ireland 285

The United Kingdom 290

Regions of Britain: Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and England 294

A United Kingdom? 315

Further Reading 318

CHAPTER 10 SOUTHERN EUROPE: GREECE, SPAIN, AND PORTUGAL 319

Greece 320

The Iberian Peninsula—Spain and Portugal 329

Further Reading 343

CHAPTER 11 AUSTRIA, SWITZERLAND, SWEDEN, NORWAY, ICELAND, AND FINLAND 345

Introduction 345

Austria 346

Switzerland 352

Sweden 361

Norway 367

Iceland 375

Finland 379

Summary 383

Further Reading 383

PART IV ENLARGEMENT IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

CHAPTER 12 EASTWARD EXPANSION 2004: THE BALTICS, POLAND, THE CZECH REPUBLIC, SLOVAKIA, HUNGARY, AND SLOVENIA 387

Introduction 387

The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania 389

Poland 393

The Czech Republic 402

Slovakia 412

Hungary 415

Slovenia 422

East Europe Summary 424

Further Reading 425

CHAPTER 13 EASTWARD EXPANSION 2007: THE BALKANS 426

Introduction: The Balkans 426

Romania 427

Bulgaria 432

Croatia 437

Serbia 439

Montenegro 442

Bosnia-Herzegovina 444

Macedonia 449

Albania 451

Balkan Summary 453

Further Reading 453

PART V REGIONAL SURVEY: RUSSIA AND FORMER SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

CHAPTER 14 BELARUS, THE UKRAINE, MOLDOVA, GEORGIA, AND RUSSIA 457

Introduction 457

Belarus and the Ukraine 457

Moldova 465

Georgia 467

Russia 470

Summary 494

Further Reading 495

PART VI THE MEDITERRANEAN FRINGE

CHAPTER 15 TURKEY, CYPRUS, MALTA, AND GIBRALTAR 499

Introduction 499

Turkey 499

Turkey, The Middle East, and Europe 506

Cyprus, Malta, and Gibraltar 508

Cyprus 509

Malta 514

Gibraltar 521

The EU in Africa 526

Islas Canarias 526

Further Reading 527

CHAPTER 16 THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE WIDER WORLD 529

The EU in World Affairs 529

Widening 530

Deepening 530

EU External Relations 530

The Common Agricultural Policy in World Affairs 532

Imperial Pasts 532

Decolonization 532

The European Union and NAFTA 533

Turkey, the Middle East, and Central Asia 534

The Euro 534

Summary 534

GLOSSARY 536

INDEX 540

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.