EU Values Before the Court of Justice Foundations, Potential, Risks

The European Union's values - enshrined in Article 2 TEU - have come under severe pressure in several Member States. In response, the Court of Justice has set a spectacular development in motion. With its ruling in Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses it activated the Union's common values and positioned Article 2 TEU at the very heart of its jurisprudence. Turning Article 2 TEU into an operational, judicially applicable provision, the Court has begun to assess the Member States' constitutional structures against these yardsticks. Since then, the jurisprudence has evolved with remarkable speed.

EU Values Before the Court of Justice provides a first comprehensive study of the judicial mobilisation of Article 2 TEU. It starts by developing the foundations of this emerging jurisprudence in empirical, doctrinal, and theoretical terms. In this book, Spieker seeks to advance a new understanding of Article 2. He argues that the provision should be understood as having a dual character that resonates between two dimensions, namely an EU dimension limited to the EU legal order and a 'Verbund' dimension that extends to the common whole of the Union and its Member States. Article 2 plays different roles in these two spheres - as thick constitutional core of the EU legal order and as thin constitutional frame for the 'Verbund'. This dual character should guide the provision's future judicial development.

The book sets out to explore the multifaceted potential of Article 2 TEU in each of these two dimensions. As such, it goes far beyond the current focus on illiberal developments in Member States and strives to broaden our horizon for the judicial mobilisation of EU values. The book closes by assessing the risks of placing an activated Article 2 into the hands of Luxembourg judges and proposes ways to recalibrate the jurisprudence.

Luke Dimitrios Spieker, Senior Research Fellow, Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law,

Luke Dimitrios Spieker is a senior research fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, where he researches on transversal issues of EU and German constitutional law. His work has been published in leading peer-reviewed journals and has won numerous awards, such as the Common Market Law Review Prize for Young Academics. He holds degrees from Goethe University Frankfurt (PhD), Humboldt University Berlin (Erstes Staatsexamen), Université Panthéon Assas (Maîtrise en droit), and King's College London (LL.M.).

Introduction
I. Foundations
1. Practice: The rise of Article 2 TEU in the Court's jurisprudence
2. Doctrine: The judicial applicability of Article 2 TEU
3. Theory: The dual character of Article 2 TEU
II. 'The Union is founded on the values ...': Potential in the EU Dimension
4. Article 2 TEU as Constitutional Core of the EU Legal Order
5. The Court and the Treaties: Fostering coherence
6. The Court and the Legislature: Encouraging legislation
7. The Court and the Treaty Makers: Constraining revision
III. 'These values are common to the Member States ...': Potential in the Verbund Dimension
8. Article 2 TEU as Constitutional Frame of the Verbund
9. Top-Down Review
10. Horizontal Review
11. Bottom-Up Review
IV. Risks and Recalibration
12. Towards a Tyranny of EU Values?
13. Disrupting the Federal Balance?
Conclusion