European Media

European Media provides a clear, concise account of the structures, dynamics and realities of the changing face of media in Europe. It offers a timely and illuminating appraisal of the issues surrounding the development of new media in Europe and explores debates about the role of the media in the formation of a European public sphere and a European identity.

The book argues that Europe offers an ideal context for examining interactions between global, regional and national media processes and its individual chapters consider: the changing structure of the European media; the development of new media; the Europeanization of the media in the region; the challenges for the content; and audiences. Special emphasis is given to the transformation of political communication in Europe and the alleged emergence of a European public sphere and identity.

European Media: Structures, Politics and Identity is an invaluable text for courses on media and international studies as well as courses dealing with European and national policy studies. It is also helpful to students, researchers and professionals in the media sector since it combines hard facts with theoretical insight.

Stylianos Papathanassopoulos is Professor of Media Organization and Policy at the National Kapodistrian University of Athens Ralph M. Negrine is Professor of Political Communication at the University of Sheffield

List of Illustrations	p. ix
List of Abbreviations	p. xi
Acknowledgements	p. xiv
Introduction: The Media in the European Context	p. 1
Dimensions of Europeanization	p. 4
The organization of the book	p. 12
The Political Economy of Media in Europe
The Structure of (Old) Media in Europe	p. 17
Media models	p. 17
The challenges to public broadcasting systems	p. 27
The consolidation of the media industry	p. 29
The foundation of new regulatory bodies	p. 31
The newspaper sector	p. 33
Summary	p. 35
The New Media in Europe	p. 37
The new media and European industrial policy	p. 38
The penetration of the internet in Europe	p. 40
The development of digital television	p. 41
Internet protocol television (IPTV)	p. 46
Mobile TV	p. 47
High definition TV (HDTV)	p. 48
From VCR to DVD	p. 50
Radio: the analogue medium?	p. 51
Newspapers: between the internet and the freesheets	p. 53
Summary	p. 56
The Europeanization of the European Media
Europeanizing the Media of Europe	p. 63
Audiovisual policy: from 'Television without Frontiers' to 'Audiovisual Media Services'	p. 65
Country of origin	p. 66
Linear and non-linear audiovisual services	p. 67
Advertising	p. 68
Product placement	p. 70
Support schemes	p. 71
EU policy on media ownership	p. 72
Public broadcasting and the EU	p. 78
Summary	p. 81
The Question of Content: Quality, Availability and Production	p. 84
New media, new content	p. 85
The EU and the new media 'content'	p. 88
Television content	p. 92
The increase in the volume of programming	p. 92
A new 'défi américain'	p. 94
The increase in the volume of European productions	p. 97
The MEDIA programme	p. 98
The importance of programme rights	p. 102
Copyright	p. 103
Summary	p. 105
Audiences and Consumption	p. 106
A media-rich society	p. 106
Changing media, changing patterns of consumption	p. 107
The impact of the internet	p. 107
TV versus internet	p. 110
Cable and satellite TV	p. 112
Different patterns of media consumption	p. 113
Preferences in TV programmes	p. 114
Media consumption at home	p. 116
Summary: the multimedia environment and multitasking	p. 118
Europe as a Cultural and Political Project
Public Communication in Europe: Constructing Europe and the European Public Sphere	p. 123
EU media studies	p. 128
The European public sphere - what is it, is there one and do we need it?	p. 128
The European public sphere	p. 129
EU journalism and the European public sphere	p. 132
What drives EU news coverage? What are the news values adopted? How do journalists work?	p. 133
Too much or too little coverage of the EU?	p. 137
The EU communicating the EU: Plan D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate	p. 139
Media and politics in a European context	p. 141
Change at the level of media and media practice	p. 142
Changes at the level of the political party	p. 143
Media and politics in the era of the internet	p. 145
Summary	p. 148
Media and European Identity	p. 150
Europe and Europeanness: Where is Europe? What is the European Union?	p. 152
Becoming European	p. 155
European identity	p. 158
Being part of Europe	p. 160
How Europe sees itself and others: the coverage of Turkey's accession bid in 2004	p. 161
Turkey, the EU and accession talks in 2004: newspaper coverage in some member states	p. 162
The place of history, culture and memory in the French and British press coverage	p. 166
Summary	p. 168
Conclusions	p. 170
Appendix	p. 178
Notes	p. 184
References and Bibliography	p. 186
Index	p. 209
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