Evolution

, by Barton, Nicholas H; Briggs, Derek EG; Eisen, Jonathan A

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ISBN: 9780879696849 | 0879696842
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/26/2007

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This extensively illustrated, full-color textbook offers an introductory discussion on the history of experiments and ideas in the development of molecular biology and provides an account of the ideas underpinning evolutionary theory. It covers the origins and diversity of life, evolutionary processes, human evolution, and methods and tools.

About the Authors	p. x
Preface	p. xi
Aim and Scope of the Book	p. 1
Evolutionary Biology Describes the History of Life and Explains Why Organisms Are the Way They Are	p. 1
Evolutionary Biology Is a Valuable Tool	p. 3
Molecular Biology and Evolutionary Biology Are Overlapping Fields of Study	p. 5
An Overview of Evolutionary Biology	p. 7
The History of Evolutionary Biology: Evolution and Genetics	p. 9
A Brief Summary of Modern Genetics and Evolution	p. 9
Evolution before Darwin	p. 10
Charles Darwin	p. 16
The Eclipse of Natural Selection	p. 18
The Evolutionary Synthesis	p. 30
The Origin of Molecular Biology	p. 37
The Beginnings of Molecular Biology	p. 38
Evolutionary and Molecular Biology: A New Synthesis?	p. 58
Evidence for Evolution	p. 65
Evidence for Evolution	p. 66
Objections to Evolution	p. 76
Science and Society	p. 81
The Origin and Diversification of Life	p. 85
The Origin of Life	p. 87
When Did Life Begin on Earth?	p. 87
How Did Life Begin on Earth?	p. 91
The Last Universal Common Ancestor and the Tree of Life	p. 109
Tracing Early Evolutionary History	p. 109
Universal Homologies, LUCA, and the Tree of Life	p. 115
Diversification of Bacteria and Archaea. I: Phylogeny and Biology	p. 137
Introduction to the Bacteria and Archaea	p. 137
Phylogenetic Diversification of Bacteria and Archaea	p. 142
Biological Diversification of Bacteria and Archaea	p. 151
Diversification of Bacteria and Archaea. II: Genetics and Genomics	p. 169
The Nature of Archaeal and Bacterial Genomes	p. 169
Lateral Transfer of DNA	p. 182
The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes	p. 195
Introduction to the Eukaryotes	p. 195
Endosymbioses Have Played a Key Role in the Evolution of Eukaryotes	p. 202
Structure and Evolution of the Nuclear Genome	p. 214
Eukaryotic Diversification	p. 221
Multicellularity and Development	p. 225
How Multicellularity Happens	p. 225
Division of Labor through Differentiation	p. 230
Diversity of Body Plans	p. 238
Genetics of Building a Body Plan	p. 244
Diversification of Plants and Animals	p. 253
Fossilization and Geological Time	p. 253
The Flow of the Evolution of Life-forms	p. 254
The Next 500 Million Years-Life Since the Cambrian Period	p. 272
Patterns of Evolution	p. 280
Evolution of Developmental Programs	p. 287
Anterior-Posterior Patterning: Hox Gene Regulation of Development	p. 288
Hox Genes Are Shown to Be Involved in Evolutionary Change	p. 293
Skeletal Evolution in Sticklebacks	p. 307
Evolution of Maize from Teosinte	p. 313
Universality of Developmental Systems	p. 318
Evolutionary Processes	p. 323
Generation of Variation by Mutation and Recombination	p. 325
Mutations and Mechanisms for Their Generation	p. 325
Protection, Prevention, and Correction Mechanisms Limit the Number of Mutations Caused by DNA Damage and Replication Errors	p. 334
Rates and Patterns of Mutations	p. 343
Generation of Variation by Mixing: Sex and Lateral Gene Transfer	p. 349
Variation in DNA and Proteins	p. 355
Genetic Variation	p. 355
Types of Genetic Variation	p. 367
Variation in Genetically Complex Traits	p. 381
Introduction to Quantitative Traits	p. 381
Analyzing Quantitative Variation	p. 385
The Genetic Basis of Quantitative Variation	p. 399
Generation of Quantitative Variation	p. 409
Random Genetic Drift	p. 413
Evolution Is a Largely Random Process	p. 413
Random Drift of Allele Frequencies	p. 415
Coalescence	p. 420
The Neutral Theory	p. 425
Recombination and Random Drift	p. 427
Population Structure	p. 439
Gene Flow	p. 439
Gene Flow Interacts with Other Evolutionary Forces	p. 444
Genealogies in Structured Populations	p. 449
Selection on Variation	p. 457
The Nature of Selection	p. 457
Selection on Quantitative Traits	p. 476
Selection on Multiple Genes	p. 485
The Interaction between Selection and Other Forces	p. 489
Selection and Random Drift	p. 489
Selection and Gene Flow	p. 496
Balancing Selection	p. 505
Mutation and Selection	p. 510
Measuring Selection	p. 521
Direct Measurement of Selection	p. 521
Indirect Measurement	p. 530
Selection on Linked Loci	p. 535
Selection on Noncoding DNA	p. 542
The Extent of Selection	p. 547
Phenotypic Evolution	p. 555
Evolutionary Optimization	p. 556
Aging	p. 561
Evolutionary Games	p. 567
Sexual Selection	p. 573
Conflict and Cooperation	p. 585
Social Evolution	p. 586
Conflict between Genes	p. 587
Interactions between Relatives	p. 599
Evolution of Cooperation	p. 611
Species and Speciation	p. 619
Defining Species	p. 620
The Genetics of Speciation	p. 630
Mechanisms of Speciation	p. 640
The Geography of Speciation	p. 644
Evolution of Genetic Systems	p. 657
Studying the Evolution of Genetic Systems	p. 657
Evolution of Mutation Rates	p. 659
Evolution of Sex and Recombination	p. 663
Consequences of Sex	p. 683
Evolution of Evolvability	p. 689
Evolution of Novelty	p. 695
The Basic Features of Novelty	p. 696
Changes in the Activity of Gene Products	p. 700
Changes in Gene Regulation and Interactions within a Network: Targeting, Differentiation, and Development	p. 704
Redundancy	p. 708
Robustness, Modularity, and Compartmentalization	p. 711
Acquiring New Functions from Other Species: Gene Transfer and Symbiosis	p. 717
Natural Selection over Long Periods of Time Leads to the Origin of Novelty	p. 719
Human Evolution	p. 725
Human Evolutionary History	p. 727
Placing Humans on the Tree of Life	p. 727
The Evolution of Hominins	p. 731
Genetics and Human Evolution	p. 741
Genomics and Humanness	p. 749
Current Issues in Human Evolution	p. 755
The Genetic Basis of Disease	p. 755
Understanding Human Nature	p. 769
Glossary	p. 783
Figure Credits	p. 802
Index	p. 811
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Evolution

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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