Experience and the World's Own Language A Critique of John McDowell's Empiricism

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ISBN: 9780199287253 | 0199287252
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 4/13/2006

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John McDowell's "minimal empiricism" is one of the most influential and widely discussed doctrines in contemporary philosophy. Richard Gaskin subjects it to careful examination and criticism, arguing that it has unacceptable consequences, and in particular that it mistakenly rules out something we all know to be the case: that infants and non-human animals experience a world. Gaskin traces the errors in McDowell's empiricism to their source, and presents his own, still more minimal, version of empiricism, suggesting that a correct philosophy of language requires us to recognize a sense in which the world we experience speaks its own language.

I Minimal empiricism and the 'order of justification'

(18)

I.1. Minimal empiricism: introductory

(2)

I.2. Minimal empiricism: some initial difficulties

(4)

I.3. McDowell's empiricism: overview and prospective

(3)

I.4. The simple model of empirical content

(2)

I.5. The 'order of justification'

(3)

I.6. From the complex to the simple model of empirical content

(4)

II Experience and causation

(46)

II.1. Causation and the complex model of empirical content

(4)

II.2. The threat of Anomalous Monism

(5)

II.3. Causation in the space of reasons

(9)

II.4. Nature and supernature

(7)

II.5. Rampant and naturalized platonisms

(9)

II.6. Realm-of-law causation and the Myth of the Given

(12)

III Experience and judgement

(66)

III.1. McDowell's transcendental argument

(4)

III.2. Judgement and freedom

(8)

III.3. Knowledge and the opportunity to know

(2)

III.4. Knowledge and infallibility

(10)

III.5. Ayer on perceptual error

(4)

III.6. Experience and self-consciousness

(2)

III.7. The 'highest common factor' conception of experience

(14)

III.8. McDowell's individualism

109

(12)

III.9. Externalism and the individual

121

(6)

III.10. Externalism and the 'order of justification'

127

(4)

IV The mental lives of infants and animals

131

(35)

IV.1. Two species of mentality

131

(2)

IV.2. Mentality and the transcendental argument

133

(4)

IV.3. Objections to McDowell's account

137

(3)

IV.4. Conceptual consciousness and the Private Language Argument

140

(6)

IV.5. 'Not a something, but not a nothing either'

146

(3)

IV.6. Feeling pain and feeling a pain

149

(3)

IV.7. Mentality and conceptual sophistication

152

(2)

IV.8. Two species of mentality revisited

154

(5)

IV.9. Mentality and propositional content

159

(7)

V Diagnosis and treatment

166

(33)

V.1. The ailment: Kantian transcendental idealism

166

(3)

V.2. Sense, reference, and concepts

169

(12)

V.3. Propositions and states of affairs

181

(3)

V.4. Concepts and nominalism

184

(4)

V.5. Wittgenstein and ultra-realism

188

(5)

V.6. Ultra-realism and universals

193

(6)

VI The world's own language

199

(36)

VI.1. Combining objects and concepts at the level of reference

199

(4)

VI.2. Locating propositions at the level of reference

203

(12)

VI.3. The problem of falsity

215

(5)

VI.4. Truth and intrinsicism

220

(4)

VI.5. Der Mensch spricht nicht allein

224

(7)

VI.6. Epilogue: the unity of the proposition

231

(4)

References

235

(12)

Index

247

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Experience and the World's Own Language A Critique of John McDowell's Empiricism

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