First Unit Responder: A Guide to Physical

This book is designed for the first person to arrive at the scene of a crime. It describes what is evidence, how to collect evidence, how to protect evidence, and how to preserve its validity for court usage.

Chapter 1 The role of the first unit responder

1

(10)

1.1 Importance of physical evidence

1

(2)

1.2 Defining physical evidence

3

(1)

1.3 Characteristics of physical evidence

4

(3)

1.4 Review

7

(1)

1.5 Test questions

8

(1)

1.6 Test answers

8

(3)

Chapter 2 The first unit responder and the crime scene

11

(14)

2.1 The "process" or ARISN

11

(6)

2.1.1 The approach

11

(1)

2.1.2 Rendering medical aid

12

(1)

2.1.3 Identifying additional victims/witnesses

13

(1)

2.1.4 Secure the scene and/or any physical evidence

14

(2)

2.1.5 Make notifications

16

(1)

2.2 Nature of the scene

17

(3)

2.2.1 Major scenes

17

(1)

2.2.2 Non-major/discretionary scenes

17

(1)

2.2.3 Major indoor scenes

18

(1)

2.2.4 Outdoor scenes

19

(1)

2.2.5 Death cases

19

(1)

2.3 Review

20

(1)

2.4 Test questions

21

(1)

2.5 Test answers

22

(3)

Chapter 3 Identifying and documenting the evidence

25

(14)

3.1 Categories of evidence

25

(1)

3.1.1 Biological/physiological

25

(1)

3.1.2 Chemical

25

(1)

3.1.3 Physical

26

(1)

3.1.4 Non-specific/miscellaneous

26

(1)

3.2 Types of evidence

26

(3)

3.2.1 Trace evidence

26

(1)

3.2.2 Transfer evidence

26

(1)

3.2.3 Indented or impression evidence

27

(1)

3.2.4 Striated evidence

27

(1)

3.2.5 Geometric evidence

28

(1)

3.2.6 Chemical evidence

29

(1)

3.3 Uses of physical evidence

29

(1)

3.4 Protocol

29

(2)

3.5 Documenting the evidence

31

(4)

3.5.1 Photography

31

(2)

3.5.2 Sketching

33

(2)

3.6 Review

35

(1)

3.7 Test questions

36

(1)

3.8 Test answers

37

(2)

Chapter 4 Collecting the evidence

39

(22)

4.1 Commonly encountered evidence and packaging

39

(16)

4.1.1 Clothing

39

(2)

4.1.2 Firearms

41

(3)

4.1.3 Bullets and cartridge casings

44

(1)

4.1.4 Gunshot residue (GSR)

45

(2)

4.1.5 Weapons or other tools used in crimes

47

(2)

4.1.6 Questioned documents

49

(1)

4.1.7 Money

49

(1)

4.1.8 Jewelry

49

(2)

4.1.9 Chemical

51

(1)

4.1.10 Suspected drugs/narcotics

51

(1)

4.1.11 Miscellaneous items

51

(1)

4.1.12 Latent fingerprints

52

(1)

4.1.13 Blood

53

(1)

4.1.14 Vehicles

54

(1)

4.2 Review

55

(2)

4.3 Test questions

57

(1)

4.4 Test answers

58

(3)

Chapter 5 Fingerprints and the crime

61

(10)

5.1 Victim interaction

61

(1)

5.2 Fingerprint categories

62

(1)

5.3 Latent fingerprints

63

(3)

5.4 Review

66

(1)

5.5 Test questions

67

(1)

5.6 Test answers

68

(3)

Chapter 6 Case preparation / courtroom testimony

71

(8)

6.1 Case review by officer

71

(1)

6.2 Courtroom procedure

72

(3)

6.2.1 Introduction phase

73

(1)

6.2.2 Direct/cross-examination

73

(1)

6.2.3 Closing phase

74

(1)

6.2.4 Follow-up by officer

75

(1)

6.3 Review

75

(1)

6.4 Test questions

76

(1)

6.5 Test answers

77

(2)

Appendix

79

(12)

Bibliography

91

(2)

Index

93

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First Unit Responder: A Guide to Physical Evidence Collection for Patrol Officers

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials