- ISBN: 9781118757789 | 1118757785
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 5/4/2015
Updated to reflect recent changes in the field, the 2nd Edition of Forensic Psychology presents a comprehensive overview of forensic psychology and its applications in the civil and criminal justice systems of the UK.
- Builds on the first edition to convey material in an engaging manner to postgraduate students in psychology
- Includes a significant expansion of pedagogical features, including text boxes highlighting key seminar issues and key debates in the field to further group discussion
- Provides an up-to-date summary of emerging evidence in the field, and its implications for evidence based practice
- Points to additional online learning resources at the conclusion of each chapter
David A. Crighton is a Consultant Psychologist and Honorary Professor of Forensic Psychology at Durham University UK. He is co-author of Psychology in Prisons, 2/e (2008).
Graham J. Towl is Pro Vice Chancellor, Deputy Warden and Professor of Forensic Psychology at Durham University UK. He is the editor of Psychological Research in Prisons (2006) and co-author of Psychology in Prisons, 2/e (2008).
Graham J. Towl is Pro Vice Chancellor, Deputy Warden and Professor of Forensic Psychology at Durham University UK. He is the editor of Psychological Research in Prisons (2006) and co-author of Psychology in Prisons, 2/e (2008).
List of Contributors xix
1 Introduction 1
Graham J. Towl and David A. Crighton
Justice 2
Expert Controversies 3
Thinking about Human Rights and Ethics 4
Developmental Perspectives 5
Investigation and Prosecution Issues 8
Psychological Assessment 8
Critical Psychology 9
Substance Use 11
Early Intervention 11
Justice Restored 12
References 12
PART I Investigative Practic e 15
2 The Justice System in England and Wales: A Case Study 17
David Faulkner
What Justice Means 17
The Criminal Justice System 17
What is a Crime? 18
Measurement of Crime 19
The Criminal Justice Process 19
The Sentencing Framework 21
The Criminal Courts 22
Police and Policing 23
The Crown Prosecution Service 24
Prisons and the Prison Service 24
Probation 25
Youth Justice 25
Home Office 26
Ministry of Justice 26
Law Officers 27
Other National Bodies 27
Some Special Subjects 27
Conclusions 29
Notes 29
Further Reading 30
References 30
3 Offender Profiling 33
David A. Crighton
Introduction 33
Historical Development 33
Approaches to Offender Profiling 35
Recent Developments 36
Profiling Databases 37
The Evidence Base for Profiling 37
Practice Issues 40
Conclusions 41
Notes 42
Further Reading 42
References 42
4 Eyewitness Testimony 45
Lorraine Hope
Eyewitness Identification Performance 45
The Witnessed Event 46
Between the Witnessed Event and Identification Task 49
Intermediate Recognition Tasks 50
Identifications from CCTV 53
Procedural Guidelines Relating to Suspect Identification in the United Kingdom 55
The Eyewitness in Court 56
Conclusions 57
Further Reading 57
References 58
5 Jury Decision]Making 65
Andreas Kapardis
Introduction: The Jury Idea 65
The Notion of an Impartial and Fair Jury: A Critical Appraisal 66
Methods for Studying Juries/Jurors 67
Selecting Jurors 68
Pre-Trial Publicity 69
Juror Competence 70
Hung Juries 73
Models of Jury Decision]Making 73
Reforming the Jury to Remedy Some of its Problems 73
Alternatives to Trial by Jury 73
Conclusions 74
Notes 74
Further Reading 75
References 75
6 Assessment 81
David A. Crighton
Conceptual Issues in Assessment 81
Assessment 84
Data Gathering 88
Data Analysis 90
Clinical Judgements and Biases 92
Conclusions 93
Notes 94
Further Reading 94
References 94
7 Risk Assessment 97
David A. Crighton
Key Legal Issues 97
Key Principles in Risk Assessment 98
Risk Assessment Instruments 100
Critical Issues in Risk Assessment 103
Conclusions 107
Notes 108
Further Reading 108
References 109
PART II Working with Offending Populati ons 113
8 The Developmental Evidence Base: Neurobiological Research and Forensic Applications 115
Robert A. Schug, Yu Gao, Andrea L. Glenn, Melissa Peskin, Yaling Yang and Adrian Raine
The Developmental Evidence Base: Neurobiological Research 115
Genetics 116
Neuroimaging 116
Neurology 118
Neuropsychology 119
Psychophysiology 121
Endocrinology 123
Moral Development 124
Nutrition 124
Forensic Applications of Developmental Neurobiological Research 125
Conclusions 128
Further Reading 129
References 129
9 The Developmental Evidence Base: Prevention 141
David P. Farrington
Introduction 141
Family]Based Prevention 143
School]Based Prevention 145
Peer Programmes 148
Skills Training 149
Communities that Care 150
Recent UK Developments 151
Conclusions 152
Further Reading 154
References 154
10 The Developmental Evidence Base: Psychosocial Research 161
David P. Farrington
Introduction 161
Individual Factors 163
Family Factors 166
Social Factors 171
School Influences 172
Community Influences 173
Conclusions 174
Further Reading 174
References 175
11 The Developmental Evidence Base: Desistance 183
Lila Kazemian and David P. Farrington
Current State of Knowledge on Desistance 183
Unresolved Issues in Desistance Research 190
Conclusions 193
Further Reading 194
References 194
12 Crisis Negotiation 201
David A. Crighton
Conceptual Issues in Crisis Negotiation 201
To Negotiate or Not to Negotiate 204
Goals of Crisis Negotiation 204
Crisis Negotiation and Terrorism 206
Applying Principled Negotiation during Terrorist Incidents 207
The Process of Negotiation with Terrorists 208
The Experience of Hostages 208
Crisis Negotiation–The Evidence 209
Conclusions 211
Notes 211
Further Reading 212
References 212
13 Aspects of Diagnosed Mental Illness and Offending 215
David Pilgrim
The Social Context of Rule Transgressions: Normal and Abnormal Offenders 215
Overlaps and Tensions between Psychiatric and Psychological Knowledge 217
Psychological and Psychiatric Approaches to Mental Illness in Forensic Settings 220
The Problematic Relationship between Diagnosed Mental Illness and Risk 221
Conclusions 223
Further Reading 224
References 224
14 Intellectual Disability: Assessment 227
William R. Lindsay and John L. Taylor
The Context of Practice in Forensic Learning Disabilities 227
Mental Health Legislation 228
Learning Disability and Crime 229
Applications of Psychology to Processes within the Justice System 235
Working with Offenders with ID 237
Conclusions on Assessment 244
Further Reading 245
References 245
15 Intellectual Disability: Treatment and Management 253
William R. Lindsay, John L. Taylor and Amanda Michie
Treatment for Specific Needs 254
Conclusions 260
Further Reading 261
References 261
16 Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment 265
Conor Duggan and Richard Howard
Issues Surrounding the Concept of PD 265
Measures of Interpersonal Style 270
Practical Considerations 271
Summary: Assessment of PD 271
Procedural Recommendations in Assessing PD 272
Treatment of PD: Some Caveats 272
Treatment Issues 273
Current Issues in the Assessment and Treatment of PD 275
Notes 276
Further Reading 276
References 277
17 Personality Disorders: Their Relation to Offending 281
Richard Howard and Conor Duggan
Is Personality Disorder Linked to Offending? 281
How is Personality Disorder Linked to Violence? 282
Is ‘Psychopathy’ Related to Violence? 283
Towards a Model of Personality Disorder and Violence 285
Notes 287
Further Reading 287
References 288
18 Beyond ‘Disorder’: A Psychological Model of Mental Health and Well-Being 291
Peter Kinderman
Drop the Language of Disorder 291
‘Oppositional Defiant Disorder’ … Really? 293
Moving Beyond the Concept of ‘Abnormality’ 294
There is an Alternative to Diagnosis 295
Operationally Defined Problem Lists 295
The Drugs Do Not Work 296
Pathways to Mental Health 298
A Psychological Model of Mental Health and Well]Being 298
Notes 299
Further Reading 299
References 299
19 Substance Use Disorders 301
Michael Gossop
Consumption Behaviours, Problems and Dependence 301
Drugs and Crime 302
Assessment of Substance Use Disorders 303
Management of Detoxification 303
Treatment 305
Further Complications 309
Notes 311
Further Reading 311
References 312
20 Suicide and Self-Injury in Prisoners 315
Tammi Walker
Context 315
Background 315
The Prison Population and Suicide 316
Suicide in Remand Prisoners 316
Suicide in Sentenced Prisoners 317
Suicide in Young Prisoners 318
Suicide in Released Prisoners 318
Suicide in Women Prisoners 319
Limitations of Suicide Research in Prison Settings 319
Psychosocial and Situational Risk Factors for Suicide Common to Prisons 320
Self-Injury in Prisoners 320
Risk Factors for Self-Injury in the Prison Population 321
Current Interventions and Treatments in Custody 322
Prison Staff Responses to Prisoners at Risk of Harm to Self 323
Conclusion 324
Further Reading 325
References 325
21 Working with Children and Adolescents with Harmful Sexual Behaviour 329
Jackie Walton
Definitional Issues and the Use of Language 329
Historical Context Setting 330
Assessment and Treatment Interventions with Adolescents 331
Assessment and Treatment Work with Children 334
Conclusions 337
Further Reading 337
References 338
22 Sexually Harmful Adults 341
Belinda Brooks-Gordon
Who and What is a Sexually Harmful Adult? 341
Prevalence and Incidence of Sexually Harmful Behaviours 341
Theories of Sexually Harmful Behaviour 342
Assessing the Risk of Sexually Harmful Adults 343
Interventions for Sexually Harmful Adults 344
Measuring Interventions 345
Past Meta-Analyses of Interventions with Sexually Harmful Adults 345
Improving the Quality of Treatment Outcome 347
Cluster Randomization 347
When the ‘Sex Offender’ is Not Sexually Harmful 348
The Politicization of Sexual Harm 348
Sexual Harm and the Culture of Fear 349
Conclusions 350
Notes 350
Further Reading 350
References 351
23 Gang Members: Group Processes and Social Cognitive Explanations 353
Jane L. Wood
Gang Membership 353
Gang Members: Delinquency Levels 353
Becoming a Gang Member: Group Processes 355
Gang Identity and Identifying with the Gang 355
Conformity, Pluralistic Ignorance and Cohesion 356
Intergroup Conflict and Status Enhancement 357
Being a Gang Member: Social Cognitive Processes 359
Moral Disengagement 359
Offence Supportive Cognitions 360
Rumination, Displaced Aggression and Entitativity 361
Conclusions 364
Further Reading 364
References 365
24 Genocide and Hate Crime 369
William Jacks and Joanna R. Adler
What is Genocide? 369
What is Hate Crime? 371
Psychological Explanations of Genocide and Hate Crime 373
Nurturing Prejudice: Demonizing and Degrading the Out]Group 374
Hate Crime: Beyond Group Explanations 375
Acting Out Prejudices: Psychological Processes that Facilitate Violence in Genocide 376
Passive Bystanders 376
Characteristics of Cultures Disposed to Genocide and Hate Crime 377
Rehabilitation of Hate Crime Offenders 378
Preventing Genocide 379
Summary 380
Notes 380
Further Reading 380
References 381
25 Restorative Justice as a Psychological Treatment: Healing Victims, Reintegrating Offenders 385
Lawrence W. Sherman and Heather Strang
Introduction 385
Varieties of Restorative Justice 386
Theories of Change for Victims and Offenders 388
Delivering RJ Conferencing 389
Research on Restorative Justice: The Gold Standard 391
Effects of RJ Conferencing on Offenders 394
Effects of RJ Conferencing on Victims 396
Evidence on Other RJ Options 397
RJ and Forensic Psychology 398
Notes 399
Further Reading 399
References 401
PART III Et hical and Legal Issues 403
26 Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychological Policy and Practice 405
Graham J. Towl
Philosophical Roots 405
Ethical Guidance for Professionals 407
Power Relationships 411
Conclusions 412
Further Reading 412
References 413
27 Risk and Resilience 415
Graham J. Towl
The Concept of Risk in Forensic Psychological Policy and Practice 416
Do We Need to Think More about Ethical Issues in Risk Assessment? 417
Risk and Resilience 420
Biases in Human Decision-Making 421
Implications for Future Forensic Practice: Risk and Resilience 422
Further Reading 423
References 423
28 Structural Violence in Forensic Psychiatry 425
Brian A. Thomas-Peter
Suffering in Forensic Psychiatry 426
Inquiries into Harm Done to Patients 427
Major Inquiries: Lessons Learned and Not Learned 427
Incidents, Complaints and Root Cause Analysis 430
Conclusion 434
Notes 434
Further Reading 435
References 435
29 Concluding Themes: Psychological Perspectives and Futures 437
Graham J. Towl
Introduction 437
Contextual Themes 438
Psychological Perspectives 440
Futures 441
References 442
Index of Names 443
Index of Subjects 453
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