Forest Certification in Sustainable

From recycled products to organic food, "environmentally friendly" is moving into the mainstream, including the forest industry. Retailers such as Home Depot have revised their purchasing and selling policies to give preference to certified wood. Forest Certification in Sustainable Development highlights the history, importance, and rewards of forest certification. The book discusses the issues involved in mainstream forestry as it is currently practiced, and what can be done to create sustainable forestry. The authors give you - step-by-step - the certification process practiced by the Rainforest Alliance's SmartWood.

Introduction

1

(1)

What Is Forest Certification?

1

(2)

The Certification Movement

3

(6)

Forestry as an Evolution in Consciousness

9

(6)

PART ONE: A BRIEF LOOK AT TODAY'S FORESTRY

The Philosophical Foundation of Today's Forestry: An Overview

15

(42)

Defining the Problem

16

(41)

Sustainability

17

(11)

The Soil-Rent Theory

28

(1)

Historical Errors in Forestry

29

(3)

The Reductionist Mechanical World View

32

(6)

The Linearity of Current Thinking

38

(2)

Biological Capital vs. Economic Capital

40

(2)

Salvage Logging

42

(7)

Indigenous Forests and Ecological Sustainability

49

(2)

Old-Growth Forests and Biological Sustainability

51

(6)

PART TWO: SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY THROUGH THE PROCESS OF CERTIFICATION

Certification and Trusteeship

57

(26)

A Certified Forest as a Living Trust

59

(4)

Public Lands

60

(1)

Private Lands

61

(2)

The Importance of Certification

63

(1)

Freedom

63

(7)

A Sense of Values

66

(2)

Questions of Science vs. Questions of Social Value

68

(1)

Gross Domestic Product, Eco-Efficiency, and Genuine Progress Indicator

69

(1)

Gross Domestic Product

70

(3)

Eco-Efficiency

73

(2)

Genuine Progress Indicator

75

(8)

The History of Forest Certification

83

(12)

SmartWood

83

(3)

The Philosophy and Operating Principles of SmartWood

85

(1)

Institute for Sustainable Forestry

86

(5)

Forest Stewardship Council

91

(2)

Things To Do Prior to Seeking Certification

93

(2)

How the Certification Process Works

95

(92)

In the Forest

95

(80)

Applicant's Responsibilities Prior to the Arrival of the SmartWood Assessment Team

95

(2)

On-Site Assessment Procedures

97

(1)

Choosing the Team

98

(1)

The Initial Team Planning

99

(1)

Assessment of the Applicant's Management

99

(1)

Assessment in Field

100

(5)

Compliance with Laws and Principles of the Forest Stewardship Council

105

(2)

Forest Security

107

(8)

The Information Base, Planning, and Strategy for Management

115

(5)

Sustainability of Forest Management

120

(6)

Sustainable Yield

126

(1)

Silviculture

127

(3)

Road Design, Construction, and Maintenance

130

(1)

Tree Felling

131

(2)

Skidding and Yarding

133

(3)

Environment

136

(2)

Biological Conservation

138

(6)

Stream Protection

144

(6)

Retention of Critical Forest Structure

150

(4)

Chemicals

154

(3)

Information from Other Parties

157

(1)

Social Issues

158

(3)

Community Relations

161

(3)

Worker Relations

164

(1)

The Rights of Indigenous Peoples

165

(1)

Economic Viability

166

(3)

Product Accountability

169

(1)

Addendum: Indigenous Peoples within the State of California

170

(1)

Group Analysis by the Assessment Team

170

(2)

Writing the Individual Reports

172

(1)

Crafting Individual Reports

172

(1)

Synthesis and Final Report

173

(2)

The Decision to Certify

175

(1)

Auditing Procedures to Maintain Forest Certification

175

(1)

Chain-of-Custody in General

175

(12)

SmartWood Chain-of-Custody Certification

177

(2)

Beginning the Chain-of-Custody Certification Process

179

(1)

Self-Assessment

180

(1)

Pre-Assessment Preparation

180

(1)

Administrative Paperwork

181

(1)

On-Site Assessment

182

(1)

Company Overview and Scope of Certificate

182

(1)

Company's Chain-of-Custody Control System

182

(2)

Analyzing the Risk of Contamination

184

(1)

Improving the Control System

184

(3)

Some of the Common Problems Encountered during the Certification Process

187

(42)

Forest Landowners and Forest Managers

187

(1)

Forestry

188

(4)

Management Planning

188

(2)

Silviculture

190

(2)

Environment

192

(29)

Level of Consciousness

192

(1)

Invisible Present

193

(1)

Cumulative Effects, Lag Periods, and Thresholds

194

(3)

Composition, Structure, and Function

197

(2)

Ecological Redundancy

199

(2)

Connectivity and Landscape Patterns

201

(5)

Scales of Diversity

206

(1)

Large-Scale Diversity on Public Lands

206

(2)

Small-Scale Diversity on Private Lands

208

(1)

Example 1

208

(2)

Example 2

210

(2)

Example 3

212

(1)

Example 4

213

(1)

Domestic Cats

213

(1)

Holly

214

(1)

Reinvestment of Biological Capital

215

(4)

Riparian Areas, Including Floodplains

219

(2)

Social and Economic

221

(6)

Private Forestland

222

(2)

Public Lands

224

(3)

Chain-of-Custody

227

(1)

Conclusions

228

(1)

Endnotes

229

(4)

Appendices

233

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Forest Certification in Sustainable Development: Healing the Landscape

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials