Forests : A Naturalist's Guide to Woodland Trees

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ISBN: 9780292791121 | 0292791127
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/1/1997

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First published in 1990, Forests explores the ecological, economic, and human influences on over thirty significant types of woodlands. Laurence Walker focuses especially on the effects of site factors--climate, physiography, biology, and soils--upon the growth of various kinds of trees. Projects for amateur naturalists, reading lists, and a glossary make this the perfect introduction for general readers.

Preface

1 The Changing Forest

(8)

Seeds and Their Seedlings

(1)

On Roots

(1)

Ecological Succession

(1)

A Little Knowledge Is....

(5)

THE NEEDLELEAF TREES

(142)

2 Westward Wood: Douglas-fir

(8)

Taxonomic "Confusion Worse Confounded,"

(2)

Reforest-and-Stay-Put

(1)

When Clearcutting Is Not Evil

(1)

On Imitating Nature

(1)

When Fire Is Not Evil

(1)

When Red Alder Is Not Evil

(1)

Ecological Associates

(3)

3 Dwarf and Giant: Longleaf Pine

(9)

The Grass Stage

(1)

Growing Straight and Tall

(1)

A Needle Blight

(1)

Predator Pests

(1)

Seed for the Sowing

(1)

The New Forest

(3)

4 Tall Timbers: Coast Redwood

(7)

Sequoias Are Not All Redwoods

(2)

Four Factors of Site

(1)

A Conifer That Sprouts

(1)

The Shortest Distance Is Up and Down

(1)

Wood of Redwood

(1)

Tribute to the Chief

(3)

5 Murky Bottom and Droughty Land: Loblolly Pine

(10)

Indian Influences

(1)

Virgin Forest and Second-Growth

(1)

Clearcutting Is Good Ecology

(1)

Phenology

(1)

Habitat

(2)

Uses of the Trees

(3)

6 Ancient Wonders: Bristlecone Pine

(5)

Trees of the Past

(3)

Trees for the Future

(2)

7 Redcedar Riddle: Eastern Redcedar

(5)

Cedar Sites

(2)

Measurements Follow Observations

(2)

8 Enduring Giants: Giant Sequoia

(7)

Sentinels of the Sierras

(1)

Sequoia, Chief Among Trees

(3)

Big Tree, Little Seed

(1)

A Riddle

(1)

Tall Trees, Tough Men

(1)

Climb and Climate

(1)

Ancient World, Old World, and New World Meet

(2)

9 Up from the Ashes: Sand, Pond, Pitch, Jack, and Lodgepole Pines

(12)

Tree for a Sandy Land

(3)

Tree for a Swampy Land

(2)

Tree for a Barren Land

(1)

Tree for a Desecrated Land

(2)

Tree for a Rocky Land

(2)

Trees for Many Lands

(2)

10 Mountain Heights to Low Bogs: Spruce and Fir Trees

(13)

Alike, Yet Different

(1)

Distinctions Between the Spruces

(1)

Flowers and Seeds

(1)

Spruce--Fir and Wildlife

(1)

Insect and Disease Attack

(1)

Uses of the Wood

(1)

Chemical Uses

(1)

Ecological Trends

(1)

Locales

(1)

Scandinavia's Presentation to North America

(1)

Names and Their Derivations

(1)

Big Trees Among Them

(1)

The Muskeg Bog

(1)

Appalachian Balds

(2)

11 Trees on the Range: Junipers and Pinyon Pine

(7)

"A Worthy Purpose,"

(1)

"Be It Ever So Humble,"

(1)

"The Company One Keeps,"

(1)

Extending the Range

(1)

Holding the Line

(1)

A Nature Note

(3)

12 Swamp Dweller: Baldcypress

(7)

About the Old Forest

(1)

About the New Forest

(1)

Woodland Cathedral

(1)

Blue Elbow

(1)

Knees and Swollen Butts

(1)

A Wood Worth Growing

(2)

13 Timber for a King: Eastern White Pine

(12)

Where It Grows

101

(1)

A Southern Highland Situation

101

(1)

How It Grows

102

(1)

A Northern Highland Situation

103

(1)

White Birch Nurse Trees

104

(1)

A Nutritional Malady

105

(1)

A Barren Land Reclaimed

106

(1)

Chemical Tests as a Tool

106

(1)

Foliage Symptoms for Diagnosing Ailments

106

(1)

An Insect Malady

107

(1)

Sunshine, a Malady

108

(1)

A Pathological Malady

108

(1)

An Environmental Malady

109

(1)

And White Pine Blister Rust

109

(2)

14 From Monterey to the World: Monterey Pine

111

(9)

At Home and Abroad

111

(3)

Climate Preference

114

(1)

Soil Preferences

114

(1)

Discriminating Preferences

115

(1)

Chromosomal Preferences

115

(1)

Flowers and Seeds

116

(1)

Mycorrhizae--The Good-Guy Fungi

117

(1)

Some Pros and Cons

117

(1)

To the World

118

(2)

15 Woods of Longevity: White-Cedars and Junipers

120

(10)

Atlantic White-Cedar

120

(1)

Acid Swamps

121

(1)

Seeds and Seedlings

122

(1)

Regeneration

123

(1)

Wildlife in These Woods

124

(1)

Problems for Atlantic White-Cedar

124

(1)

Northern White-Cedar

125

(1)

Northern White-Cedar Wood

126

(1)

From Seed to Harvest

126

(2)

Landscapers' Choice

128

(1)

Cedars of the Brakes, the Glades, and the Basin

128

(2)

16 Pioneer Plant for Paper Pulp: Virginia Pine

130

(4)

Where They Grow

130

(1)

How They Grow

131

(1)

Christmas Trees

131

(3)

17 Krummholz and Elfinwood: Subalpine Fir

134

(8)

Associates Among the Trees

134

(1)

Associates Among the Lesser Plants

135

(1)

Associates Among the Animals

136

(1)

Spire-Shaped and Prostrate Habit

136

(6)

18 Sandhills and Flatwoods: Slash Pine

142

(9)

Sandhills Sites

143

(1)

Flatwoods Forests

143

(1)

Extending the Range

144

(1)

Scientific Exploration

144

(7)

THE BROADLEAF TREES

151

(118)

19 Lost Bonanza: American Chestnut

151

(9)

The Tree That Had Everything

151

(2)

A Threat That Became a Catastrophe

153

(2)

Salvage

155

(1)

What After Chestnut?

156

(1)

Toward a Future Chestnut

157

(3)

20 Oranges That Are Apples: Osage-Orange

160

(6)

An Old Tale

160

(2)

Oranges and Apples, the French and the Indians

162

(1)

Shelterbelts and Windbreaks

162

(1)

A Look at the Tree

163

(1)

A Drupe Fruit

163

(1)

Uses for the Wood

164

(2)

21 Cinderella Cellulose: Trembling Aspen

166

(7)

Bunyan's Toothpicks

168

(1)

Coppice Reproduction

168

(1)

Single-Sex Trees

169

(1)

Fire Is Not Alone

170

(1)

Cinderella, Did We Say!

171

(2)

22 Living Riprap: Willows

173

(6)

Kin to Cottonwood,

175

(1)

Willow Wood

176

(3)

23 Toxic Defense: Black Walnut

179

(9)

Allelopathy

179

(2)

Influence on Succession

181

(1)

Walnut Wood

182

(1)

Earlier Uses of the Tree

183

(1)

Walnut in Mythology

184

(1)

Appearance of a Noble Tree

184

(1)

Plantations

185

(1)

Silviculture

186

(2)

24 From Cotton to Cottonwood: Cottonwood

188

(9)

New Trees

188

(2)

Ecological Characteristics

190

(1)

Tolerance to Flooded Land

190

(1)

Tolerance to Arid Land

191

(1)

Soil Moisture Regulates Growth

191

(1)

Ecological Succession Begins

191

(1)

New Forests Not From Nature

192

(1)

Management Matters

193

(1)

Usefulness

194

(1)

Some Pests: Insects

194

(1)

Other Pests: Fungi

194

(1)

Still Other Pests

195

(1)

The Future

195

(2)

25 Species Proliferation: The Oaks

197

(11)

Casks and Pipes

197

(2)

Other Uses for White Oak Group Woods

199

(1)

Red Oak Group Wood and Its Uses

200

(1)

The Wood of Both Groups

201

(1)

Outward Appearances--Form

201

(1)

Leaves

202

(1)

Twigs

202

(1)

Flowers and Fruits

203

(1)

Spiral Arrangements

203

(1)

Taxonomists' Fun and Games

204

(1)

Champion Trees

205

(1)

Problems for the Genus

205

(1)

How Foresters Regenerate Oaks

205

(1)

Biblical Beards

206

(2)

26 Tree Legume: Black Locust

208

(9)

How the Bacteria Work

208

(2)

Roots, a Tree's Brain

210

(1)

Nitrogen Is Not a Mineral Fertilizer

210

(1)

Wood of Black Locust

211

(1)

Identifying Characteristics

212

(1)

Mesquite Story

213

(1)

Black Locust for Spoil Banks

213

(1)

Environmental Concern

214

(1)

Black Locust Problems

214

(1)

Final Note

215

(2)

27 Ship Timbers: Live Oak

217

(11)

What Kind of Tree Is Live Oak?

218

(2)

Ecological Relationships--Dunes

220

(1)

In the Forest

220

(1)

Farmland Competition

221

(1)

What Kind of Wood Does Live Oak Have?

221

(2)

The Live Oakers

223

(1)

Moving the Wood Pieces

223

(1)

Live Oak Trees and Politics

224

(1)

Live Oaks as Monuments

225

(3)

28 Stink-Bomb Tree: Ginkgo

228

(8)

Tree of Antiquity

229

(2)

A Matter of Mating

231

(1)

Leaf Spigots

232

(1)

Living Scissors

232

(4)

29 Forests to Fine Furniture: The Northern Hardwoods

236

(8)

Climax Vegetation

238

(1)

Where These Trees Grow

238

(1)

Seeds and Seedlings

239

(1)

Uses of the Wood

240

(2)

Injurious Aspects

242

(1)

Conflict Over Trees

242

(2)

30 Tropical Hardwoods: The Dipterocarps

244

(6)

Two Wings

244

(1)

Ecological Contemporaries

245

(1)

Reforestation Efforts

245

(1)

Natural Regeneration

246

(1)

Big Fire

246

(1)

Socioforestry

247

(1)

Exploitation and Government Edicts

247

(3)

31 Low-Mountain Shrubs: Chaparral

250

(4)

Fire and Development

251

(3)

32 Tree-Like Monocots: Bamboos and Palms

254

(11)

Bamboos

254

(2)

Synchrony, a Physiological Symphony

256

(1)

Palms

257

(1)

See How They Grow

257

(2)

Other Uses of Palm

259

(1)

Cabbage Palms

260

(1)

Royal Palm

261

(1)

Washington Palm

261

(1)

Canary Island Date Palm Problem

261

(1)

Roundup

261

(4)

THE FOREST--WHOSE WOODS THESE ARE Forests for the Future

265

(4)

Afterword

269

(2)

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Forests : A Naturalist's Guide to Woodland Trees

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