Framboids

Framboids may be the most astonishing and abundant natural features you've never heard of. These microscopic spherules of golden pyrite consist of thousands of even smaller microcrystals, often arranged in stunning geometric arrays. They are rarely more than twenty micrometers across, and often look like miniscule raspberries under the microscope.

The formation of a framboid is the result of self-assembly of pyrite micro- and nano-crystals under the influence of surface forces. They can be found all around us in rocks of all ages and present-day sediments, soils, and natural waters. Our planet makes billions every second and has been doing so for most of recorded geologic time. As a result, there are more framboids on our planet than there are sand grains on Earth or stars in the observable universe.

The microscopic size of framboids belies their importance to contemporary science. They help us better understand inorganic self-assembly and self-organization, and studying them illuminates Earth's evolutionary history.

In this book, David Rickard explains what framboids are, how they are formed, and what we can learn from them. The book's thirteen chapters trace everything from their basic attributes and mineralogy to their biogeochemistry and paleoenvironmental significance. Rickard expands on the most updated research and recent developments in geology, chemistry, biology, materials science, biogeochemistry, mineralogy, and crystallography, making this a must-have guide for researchers.

David Rickard is Emeritus Professor of Geochemistry at Cardiff University and Adjunct Professor of Marine Geochemistry at the University of Delaware. He received his BSc, ARSM, DIC, and PhD from Imperial College London. Rickard has authored more than 300 publications, including four books and over
150 original research papers on sulfide chemistry, geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and ore geology. His most recent book is Pyrite (Oxford University Press, 2015). He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Royal Society of Biology, the Geochemical Society, and the Geological Society of
London.

Dedication
Synopsis
Acknowledgments

Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Framboid Sizes
Chapter 3: Framboid Shapes
Chapter 4: Microcrystal Morphology
Chapter 5: Framboid Microarchitecture
Chapter 6: The Crystallography of Pyrite Framboids
Chapter 7: Organic Matter in Framboids
Chapter 8: Framboid Mineralogy
Chapter 9: Geochemistry of Framboids
Chapter 10: Pyrite Framboid Formation Chemistry
Chapter 11: Nucleation of Framboids
Chapter 12: Framboid Microcrystal Growth
Chapter 13: Framboid Self-Assembly and Self-Organization

List of Symbols and Abbreviations
List of Units
Glossary
References
Index